Scaling analysis for the investigation of slip mechanisms in nanofluids

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of slip mechanisms in nanofluids through scaling analysis. The role of nanoparticle slip mechanisms in both water- and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids is analyzed by considering shape, size, concentration, and temperature of the nanoparticles. From the scaling analysis, it is found that all of the slip mechanisms are dominant in particles of cylindrical shape as compared to that of spherical and sheet particles. The magnitudes of slip mechanisms are found to be higher for particles of size between 10 and 80 nm. The Brownian force is found to dominate in smaller particles below 10 nm and also at smaller volume fraction. However, the drag force is found to dominate in smaller particles below 10 nm and at higher volume fraction. The effect of thermophoresis and Magnus forces is found to increase with the particle size and concentration. In terms of time scales, the Brownian and gravity forces act considerably over a longer duration than the other forces. For copper-water-based nanofluid, the effective contribution of slip mechanisms leads to a heat transfer augmentation which is approximately 36% over that of the base fluid. The drag and gravity forces tend to reduce the Nusselt number of the nanofluid while the other forces tend to enhance it

Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on Weight Gain in Children

Introduction ‘Failure to thrive’ is considered to be an indication for adenotonsillectomy in children. There is contrasting evidence regarding weight gain in children following adenotonsillectomy. The objective of this study is to evaluate weight change post adenotonsillectomy. Materials and Methods A prospective study conducted on 45 children of age between 5 to 15 years, who underwent adenotonsillectomy in our hospital. Weight is calculated at three different period i.e. preoperative, postoperatively at 3 and 6 months and compared with standard Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) weight for age. Results Out of 45 children 62.2% were less than 10 years of age with a male preponderance of 60%. 55.6% had normal birth weight. Preoperatively the average weight of the participants was 25.69 kg when compared to IAP normal weight for age which was 29.67 kg. Postoperatively at 6 months it was 28.19 kg as opposed to the expected weight of 31.88 kg. Conclusion The weight gain post adeno-tonsillectomy failed to meet the expected IAP value and was below the expected value. Hence there was no significant weight change following adenotonsillectomy

A Quasi Experimental study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude regarding Menstrual Hygiene among Rural Adolescent Girls in Selected Community Area at Dindigul District

INTRODUCTION: Menstruation is the first significant milestone in the reproductive history of a women’s life. Menarche is a most important biological milestone in a woman’s life as it marks the onset of the reproductive phase of her life. Menstrual hygiene management is a problem for adolescent girls in developing countries, particularly poor facility for attending school. Poor water, poor sanitation and hygiene practice in schools, inadequate puberty education and lack of information in hygiene. Management menstrual hygiene. Most of the girls experience to menstruation period shameful and uncomfortable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls in selected community area at Dindigul district. The objectives of the study were to assess the exiting knowledge and attitude on menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls and the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls and to correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls and to find the association between the knowledge and attitude regarding menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls and their selected demographic variable. METHODOLOGY: Quasi experimental one group pre test and post test research design was used. The tool used for data collection was structured interview questionnaire and attitude scale to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls who participated in the present study. The sampling technique adopted for the study was Non probability convenient sampling technique. The sample size of the study was 60. In video assisted teaching programme was given on menstrual hygiene and to assess the knowledge and attitude among rural adolescent girls. The collected data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. RESULT: 85% rural adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge in pre test, after video assisted teaching only 0% had inadequate knowledge in post test and 65% had adequate knowledge. and 35% had moderate knowledge. There was a significant improvement in mean post test knowledge score (51.78) in rural adolescent girls, (t value = 35.26, p<0.05), and Also 90% rural adolescent girls had poor attitude in pre test, after video assisted teaching 81.7% had good attitude and 18.3% had moderate attitude. There was an improvement in mean post test attitude score (33.5) (t value =39.38), p<0.001). Which shows that there was a highly significant positive relationship between the post test level of knowledge and the post test level of attitude of adolescent girls. The obtained ‘r’ value was 0.349 is significant at 0.05 level. CONCLUSION: The finding of the study has aimed to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme upon knowledge and attitude on menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls. The study concludes that there is need to improve the level of knowledge and attitude of menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls. Therefore to educate, incorporate and to provide a realistic learning regarding menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girl, video assisted teaching programme is needed to improve the knowledge and attitude of menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent girls

The Cost and Impact of the Interim Federal Health Program Cuts on Child Refugees in Canada

Introduction: On June 30, 2012, Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) funding was cut for refugee claimant healthcare. The potential financial and healthcare impacts of these cuts on refugee claimants are unknown. Methods: We conducted a one-year retrospective chart review spanning 6 months before and after IFHP funding cuts at The Hospital for Sick Children, a tertiary care children’s hospital in Toronto. We analyzed emergency room visits characteristics, admission rates, reasons for admission, and financial records including billing from Medavie Blue Cross. Results: There were 173 refugee children visits to the emergency room in the six months before and 142 visits in the six months after funding cuts. The total amount billed to the IFHP program during the one-year of this study was $131,615. Prior to the IFHP cuts, 46% of the total emergency room bills were paid by IFHP compared to 7% after the cuts (p,0.001). Interpretation: After the cuts to the IFHP, The Hospital for Sick Children was unable to obtain federal health coverage for the vast majority of refugee claimant children registered under the IFHP. This preliminary analysis showed that post-IFHP cuts healthcare costs at the largest tertiary pediatric institution in the country increased

Scaling analysis for the investigation of slip mechanisms in nanofluids

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of slip mechanisms in nanofluids through scaling analysis. The role of nanoparticle slip mechanisms in both water- and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids is analyzed by considering shape, size, concentration, and temperature of the nanoparticles. From the scaling analysis, it is found that all of the slip mechanisms are dominant in particles of cylindrical shape as compared to that of spherical and sheet particles. The magnitudes of slip mechanisms are found to be higher for particles of size between 10 and 80 nm. The Brownian force is found to dominate in smaller particles below 10 nm and also at smaller volume fraction. However, the drag force is found to dominate in smaller particles below 10 nm and at higher volume fraction. The effect of thermophoresis and Magnus forces is found to increase with the particle size and concentration. In terms of time scales, the Brownian and gravity forces act considerably over a longer duration than the other forces. For copper-water-based nanofluid, the effective contribution of slip mechanisms leads to a heat transfer augmentation which is approximately 36% over that of the base fluid. The drag and gravity forces tend to reduce the Nusselt number of the nanofluid while the other forces tend to enhance it.</p

Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on Weight Gain in Children

Introduction&#x0D; ‘Failure to thrive’ is considered to be an indication for adenotonsillectomy in children. There is contrasting evidence regarding weight gain in children following adenotonsillectomy. The objective of this study is to evaluate weight change post adenotonsillectomy.&#x0D; Materials and Methods &#x0D; A prospective study conducted on 45 children of age between 5 to 15 years, who underwent adenotonsillectomy in our hospital. Weight is calculated at three different period i.e. preoperative, postoperatively at 3 and 6 months and compared with standard Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) weight for age.&#x0D; Results &#x0D; Out of 45 children 62.2% were less than 10 years of age with a male preponderance of 60%. 55.6% had normal birth weight. Preoperatively the average weight of the participants was 25.69 kg when compared to IAP normal weight for age which was 29.67 kg. Postoperatively at 6 months it was 28.19 kg as opposed to the expected weight of 31.88 kg.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; The weight gain post adeno-tonsillectomy failed to meet the expected IAP value and was below the expected value. Hence there was no significant weight change following adenotonsillectomy.&#x0D;  </jats:p