BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL MANURE

Abstract An experimental study worked on a model biogas production unit which has 0.5 m 3 fermentation tank capacities of a breeding farm in the Urla district of Izmir/Turkey. The farm animal quantity is 70 cattle and 1400 chicken. Animal wastes (poultry manure and bovine animals manure) were anaerobically fermented in the tank. It is known in literature, the optimum fermentation occurs at 298-313 K temperatures. In this respect, experimentation was performed at summer season and average regional temperature was 307 K and so reaction does not require the extra heating for the optimization of process. Biogas production potential from bovine animal and poultry manure was separately studied. Firstly, 350 kg bovine animal manure blend (175 kg manure+175 kg water) filled to the tank and the process occurred. Secondly, 375 kg poultry manure blend (50 kg manure+325 kg water) was filled to the tank and the processes done. Then the biogas production rates was evaluated and compared for two processes. Results showed that daily 6.33 m 3 and 0.83 m 3 biogas productions were obtained from fermentation of bovine animal manure and poultry animal manure. Lower heating value of natural gas was known 34,000 kJ/m 3 and biogas LHV value was predicted 21,000 kJ/m 3 by the 62% CH 4 content. By using biogas as a fuel to the heating or energy systems instead of natural gas about 0.35 $/m 3 energy cost is saved

Tempol Mitigates Methotrexate-Induced Osteotoxicity via Oxidative Stress Modulation and MAPK Pathway Inhibition

Fariz Selimli,1 Meryem Taş Reyhanioğlu,1 Ahmet can Haskan,1 Muhammed Said Altun,1 Soner Mete,2 Halil Mahir Kaplan3 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey; 2Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Promotion and Marketing Program, Medical Vocational Higher Services School, Nevsehir Haci Bektas University, Nevşehir, Turkey; 3Deparment of Medicinal Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeyCorrespondence: Fariz Selimli, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, 01330, Turkey, Tel +905456744444, Email [email protected]: Osteotoxicity, a common consequence of Methotrexate (MTX) therapy, significantly compromises bone health by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting bone remodeling. This study examines the protective effects of Tempol, a nitroxide compound with antioxidant properties, against MTX-induced osteotoxicity.Methods: Osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells were cultured and treated with Tempol and MTX to evaluate changes in apoptotic mediators, MAPK signaling pathways, and oxidative stress parameters.Results: MTX treatment significantly increased caspase-3 activity and Bax expression while decreasing Bcl-2 levels, thereby creating a pro-apoptotic environment. It also activated stress-related pathways by elevating JNK and ERK activities. Conversely, Tempol effectively countered these effects by restoring the balance of apoptotic mediators, downregulating MAPK activation, and enhancing Total Antioxidant Status (TAS). Additionally, Tempol reduced Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).Conclusion: These findings highlight Tempol’s potential to mitigate oxidative stress and apoptosis linked to MTX therapy, supporting its use as an adjunctive treatment to protect bone health in patients undergoing MTX therapy. Emphasizing Tempol’s clinical implications as a protective agent reinforces the urgency for further research into its long-term effects on cellular viability and bone integrity in the context of chemotherapy.Keywords: tempol, osteotoxicity, methotrexate, oxidative stress and MAP

Convectional heat transfer numerical analysis of mhd steady state laminar lithium pipe flow

International Symposium on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, CONV 2014 -- 8 June 2014 through 13 June 2014 -- Kusadasi -- 268949this paper discuss about the effect of normally applied magnetic field on steady state laminar flow of liquid lithium in a horizontal circular pipe model was analysed with ANSYS Fluent, and also convectional heat transfer was examined. Examination was completed by ANSYS Fluent MHD module; the theoretical base of the module established on the Navier Stokes, continuity equation and energy equations. Flow profile was observed for cooling of the fluid with a constant wall temperature. Thermal fully developed but hydro-dynamically transient region of flow was taken to observations. Results of the examination showed that, increase of magnetic field induction, decreased the local flow velocity, but also increased the Nusselt number through the pipe length. Moreover, while the liquid lithium was cooling, the fluid temperature was increased by the increase of magnetic field induction through the pipe length. Increase of magnetic field induction enhanced the convective heat transfer and so, indirectly improved the cooling of liquid lithium. © 2014, Begell House Inc. All rights reserved

BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL MANURE

An experimental study worked on a model biogas production unit which has 0.5 m3 fermentation tank capacities of a breeding farm in the Urla district of Izmir/Turkey. The farm animal quantity is 70 cattle and 1400 chicken. Animal wastes (poultry manure and bovine animals manure) were anaerobically fermented in the tank. It is known in literature, the optimum fermentation occurs at 298-313 K temperatures. In this respect, experimentation was performed at summer season and average regional temperature was 307 K and so reaction does not require the extra heating for the optimization of process. Biogas production potential from bovine animal and poultry manure was separately studied. Firstly, 350 kg bovine animal manure blend (175 kg manure+175 kg water) filled to the tank and the process occurred. Secondly, 375 kg poultry manure blend (50 kg manure+325 kg water) was filled to the tank and the processes done. Then the biogas production rates was evaluated and compared for two processes. Results showed that daily 6.33 m3 and 0.83 m3 biogas productions were obtained from fermentation of bovine animal manure and poultry animal manure. Lower heating value of natural gas was known 34,000 kJ/m3 , and biogas LHV value waspredicted 21,000 kJ/m3 by the 62% CH4 content. By using biogas as a fuel to the heating or energy systems instead of natural gas about 0.35 $/m3 energy cost is saved

Biogas production from animal manure

An experimental study worked on a model biogas production unit which has 0.5 m3 fermentation tank capacities of a breeding farm in the Urla district of Izmir/Turkey. The farm animal quantity is 70 cattle and 1400 chicken. Animal wastes (poultry manure and bovine animals manure) were anaerobically fermented in the tank. It is known in literature, the optimum fermentation occurs at 298-313 K temperatures. In this respect, experimentation was performed at summer season and average regional temperature was 307 K and so reaction does not require the extra heating for the optimization of process. Biogas production potential from bovine animal and poultry manure was separately studied. Firstly, 350 kg bovine animal manure blend (175 kg manure+175 kg water) filled to the tank and the process occurred. Secondly, 375 kg poultry manure blend (50 kg manure+325 kg water) was filled to the tank and the processes done. Then the biogas production rates was evaluated and compared for two processes. Results showed that daily 6.33 m3 and 0.83 m3 biogas productions were obtained from fermentation of bovine animal manure and poultry animal manure. Lower heating value of natural gas was known 34,000 kJ/m3, and biogas LHV value was predicted 21,000 kJ/m3 by the 62% CH4 content. By using biogas as a fuel to the heating or energy systems instead of natural gas about 0.35 $/m3 energy cost is saved. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University

Evaluation of internal structure modifications effect of two-phase closed thermosyphon on performance: An experimental study

In this paper, an experimental study has been carried to enhance the effectiveness of a two-phase closed ther-mosyphon (TPCT) type heat pipe. For this purpose, three different designs have been developed by modifying the internal structure so as not to interfere with the physical operation of TPCT. Three heat pipes with different internal structures were manufactured with additional pipes placed longitudinally inside the evaporator and condenser sections of the normal (conventional) TPCT. Ionized pure water is used as a working fluid at the same rate in Normal, Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 heat pipes. TPCTs are positioned at three different inclination angles, 26 degrees, 41 degrees, and 56 degrees, to see the performance effect not only among themselves but also on the changes made by the gravitational effect. For each tilt angle, four TPCTs were simultaneously powered by solar energy on three different days. As a result of the experiments carried out in July, it has been observed that the optimum incli-nation angle for solar water heated TPCT is 26 degrees. In addition, it was found that with the increase of the angle of tilt, the thermal resistance (R) of the heat pipes also increased and the heat transferability of the TPCT decreased. Comparing the new designs and normal TPCT, Type-2 acted better at tilt angles of both 26 degrees and 41oAs a result, the heat transfer and efficiency of normal TPCT have been improved by almost 14% with Type-2 at the tilt angle of 26 degrees

Energy exergy efficiencies and environmental effects of mixed fuelled (solid plus gas) industrial facility steam boiler

In this paper, an experimental study has been performed for mixed (solid + gas) fuelled boiler operating at 7000 kPa pressure and 778.15 K temperature with a nominal capacity of 25 kg s(-1) in order to find improvement in the boiler efficiency and to reduce its environmental emissions. In this scope, while the boiler was working under operating conditions, temperature, pressure, velocity, and combustion gas measurements were performed and the measured data were used to establish mass and energy balance. Main efficiency loses were identified as operation of the boiler with high excess air factor (39.78%), leakage air in the rotary air hater and surface thermal losses. Calculations, were performed with the use of measured data, estimated that the boiler and second law efficiency were calculated as 85.3 and 39.6% respectively. When the injected heat value on water is 67 433.65 kW in the boiler, by the reduction of excess air factor is 550 kW and by the prevention of leakage air is 1251.6 kW, including totally saving amount is 1801.7 kW. Financial value of this saving was calculated about 309 465$