Menstruation and Menstrual Disorder: A Review

Periodic bleeding is the visible manifestation of ovarian cycling. An average woman in developed countries can expect to experience more than 400 menstrual cycles during her reproductive lifetime. It is important to have a thorough understanding of the endometrial pathways that regulate implantation and menstrual cycles. Menstrual cycles usually last around 28 days, although they can vary from person to person. Menarche depend on the nutrition and heredity. Menstrual cycle irregularities may also be linked to endocrine instability, low body weight, intense exercise, and psychological stress. Among adolescent girls, dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecologic conditions. It is defined as pain in the pelvis that is directly related to menstruation. Other symptoms include headache, back pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea

Menstrual pattern of Adolescence

OBJECTIVE: This analysis helps to find out the pattern of menstruation among college students in Tamilnadu India. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a survey was conducted in various colleges in Dindigul District. These questionnaires were based on socioeconomic data, menarche, menstrual cycle flow, and their perception of menstruation. Results: The age of menarche was 77.7% of the students attaining earlier (9-12). Dysmenorrhea (65%), premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (71.2%), and irregular cycles (33.8%) were found to be common problems among teenagers. Conclusion: Adolescents need to be educated about menstrual health and menstrual disorder

Concomitant boost irradiation with weekly low dose chemotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

65% patients with head and neck tumors present with locally advanced disease. Concurrent chemo radiotherapy is a treatment program for locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck with established benefits in both organ preservation and survival. Concomitant Boost Irradiation with weekly low dose chemotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck cancer is better regimen with manageable toxicity with higher complete response

Sustainable Strategy: Analyzing the Role of CSR Communication of Select Companies to the Stakeholders

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how companies reach their stakeholders through their website for communicating their sustainable practices and also identify the effectiveness of website communication. Better communication of CSR policies and adopting technologies for implementation would make the company’s sustainability policy stronger (Gayathri S, J.V, 2019)   Theoretical Framework: This research paper deals with the concept ,as per signaling theory, which states that CSR communication through the corporate website (CSRccw) largely contributes to building corporate image (Hetze, K., & Winistörfer, H.,2016).From the list of top 100 CSR companies in India for the year 2020 listed in the futurescape webpage available online at:https://www.futurescape.in/responsible-business-rankings/indias-top-100-companies/,four companies have been chosen for the analysis. This is the research paper in the process; thus it was intended to study two sectors initially and in the future study other sectors are decided to be included. The respective company website section of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) was assessed, and the report was analysed using NVivo software.   Design/methodology/approach: Website of the organizations were analyzed using Nvivo (Nvivo 12 – Trial Version). It is a mixed-method data analysis tool with text analysis capabilities.  The method employed in this study is a word cloud and text analysis. This analysis adopts a quantitative approach looking at word frequency, word co-occurrence, and the clustering of documents based on word similarity.   Findings: Organizations aims at adopting sustainable practices and above all they focus and intent to communicate the same to their stakeholders. The Results of this research paper indicates that, organizations predominantly use website among other CSR communication strategies. Most of their focus areas were youth, education. Community development. Words used prominently helped the stakeholders to relate the words which reflected in brand building.   Research, Practical/social implications: The study has analyzed only four companies as a starting point and future studies can be rigorously done using a larger set of sample date set.. a sentimental analysis can be done. Since social media is becoming an effective communication platform, corporations should pay more focus on using social media especially through its website. The corporations should encourage stakeholders’ views related to CSR communication on social media.   Originality/value: The value of this research is that, it helps us understand the way companies use their website for CSR communication, since the majority of these type of studies were conducted are in the developing countries like US and Europe. Limited research and insights are found in the emerging markets. This study focuses on the emerging markets

ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CARCINOMA - AN INSTITUTIONAL STUDY

Introduction:Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cancer among women in India. Carcinoma cervix is associated with many risk factors such as multi parity, early age at marriage, early age at coitus and the most important basic cause is poor socioeconomic status, illiteracy, lack of proper self-hygiene, lack of awareness of screening programs and treatment modalities. The main objective of this study is to analyze various outcomes following treatment of locally advanced carcinoma cervix and also to determine the causes of treatment failure so as to improve disease free survival, progression free survival and overall survival. Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 191 locally advanced cervical carcinoma patients treated in the Department of Radiotherapy, Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai during the period between 2015 and 2019. Various parameters of our study included age distribution, chief complaints at presentation, histopathological types and grades, staging, type of treatment, details of brachytherapy, response assessment and follow up. Results: Majority of them belong to stage II(50%) followed by stage III (41%). 14 patients belong to stage IV and only 4 patients belong to stage I. Among them 102 patients (53.4%) showed complete response and 34 patients (17.8%) showed partial response. Discussion: Most of the patients were in 4th and 5th decade which is very close to TNCRPregistry. Stage grouping of patients is considered most signicant in assessing the outcome of the treatment wherein it was found necessary to identify and present the symptoms at early stage to fasten the treatment and aim at complete cure. Conclusion: This study brings a clear picture of the possible reasons for treatment failure in locally advanced cervical carcinoma and highlights necessary steps to be implemented in improving infrastructure facilities in Government hospitals that would result in better treatment for poor patients with maximum benets.</jats:p

Effect of Bone Graft and Platelet Rich Fibrin With and Without Alendronate in the Management of Intrabony Periodontal Defect: A Randomized Clinical study

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, and loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone around the affected teeth. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to regenerate the lost periodontal tissues, including cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The aim of periodontal therapy is to protect and maintain the patient’s natural dentition over his or her lifetime for optimal comfort, function and esthetic appearance. The regenerative therapy includes various treatment modalities such as use of bone grafts, GTR etc. Various bone grafts and bone replacement graft materials have been used, and growth factors have been incorporated in the bone grafts to stimulate the progenitor cells to form new tissues. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of bone graft and platelet rich fibrin with and without alendronate in the management of intrabony periodontal defect. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study sample included 20 patients, 9 male and 11 females, between 25 - 50 years with 20 intra bony defects with probing pocket depth of ≥ 5mm requiring periodontal flap surgery. Sites were randomly divided and treated with one of the following: Group-A open flap debridement followed by placement of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and bone graft (Perioglas). Group-B open flap debridement followed by placement of platelet rich fibrin (PRF), alendronate and bone graft (Perioglas). Clinical parameters recorded were plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, relative attachment level, radiographic defect fill were recorded at baseline and 6 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. RESULTS: The results of present study demonstrate that in all the sites there was a significant improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters, thereby improving periodontal status. CONCLUSION: • Perioglas, PRF and ALN were all shown to be safe to use, without causing any immunologic or antigenic reactions in any of the treated patients. • Perioglas appears to be a suitable vehicle to administer biologic substances like PRF and growth factors to induce new bone regeneration. • A combination therapy with Perioglas + PRF is also found to be effective. • The present study found that adding a single titrated dose of host modulating agent like ALN marginally improved the predictability of bone formation