Effects of footwear variations on three-dimensional kinematics and tibial accelerations of specific movements in American football

American football is associated with a high rate of non-contact chronic injuries. Players are able to select from both high and low cut footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of high and low cut American football specific footwear on tibial accelerations and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics during three sport specific movements. Twelve male American football players performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump whilst wearing both low and high cut footwear. 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system alongside tibial acceleration parameters which were obtained using a shank mounted accelerometer. Tibial acceleration and 3D kinematic differences between the different footwear were examined using either repeated measures or Friedman’s ANOVA. Tibial accelerations were significantly greater in the low cut footwear in comparison to the high cut footwear for the run and cut movements. In addition, peak ankle eversion and tibial internal rotation parameters were shown to be significantly greater in the low cut footwear in the running and cutting movement conditions. The current study indicates that the utilization of low cut American football footwear for training/performance may place American footballers at increased risk from chronic injuries

Lattice Calculation of Quarkonium Decay Matrix Elements

We calculate the NRQCD matrix elements for the decays of the lowest-lying S- and P-wave states of charmonium and bottomonium in quenched lattice QCD. We also compute the one-loop relations between the lattice and continuum matrix elements.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX. Talk presented at the Quarkonium Physics Workshop, University of Illinois, Chicago, June 13-15, 199

Automatic focus control for facsimile cameras

An electronic circuit for controlling the focus of facsimile cameras is described. The circuit consists of balanced a.c. amplifiers, two square law function generators, and a differential amplifier and power drive. The invention includes a method for maintaining the imaging sensor at the expected location of the focal plane as the facsimile camera scans a scene or terrain. A block diagram of the electronic circuitry is provided

Two-colour QCD at non-zero quark-number density

We have simulated two-colour four-flavour QCD at non-zero chemical potential $\mu$ for quark number. Simulations were performed on $8^4$ and $12^3 \times 24$ lattices. Clear evidence was seen for the formation of a colourless diquark condensate which breaks quark number spontaneously, for $\mu > \mu_c \sim m_\pi/2$. The transition appears to be second order. We have measured the spectrum of scalar and pseudoscalar bosons which shows clear evidence for the expected Goldstone boson. Our results are in qualitative agreement with those from effective Lagrangians for the potential Goldstone excitations of this theory.Comment: 22 pages RevTeX, 6 figures in 10 postscript file

Development of the human prepuce and its innervation.

Development of the human prepuce was studied over the course of 9-17 weeks of gestation in 30 specimens. Scanning electron microscopy revealed subtle surface features that were associated with preputial development, namely the appearance of epidermal aggregates that appeared to be associated with formation of the preputial fold. Transverse and sagittal sections revealed that the epidermis of the glans is considerably thicker than that of the penile shaft. We described a novel morphogenetic mechanism of formation of the preputial lamina, namely the splitting of the thick epidermis of the glans into the preputial lamina and the epidermis via the intrusion of mesenchyme containing red blood cells and CD31-positive blood vessels. This process begins at 10-11 weeks of gestation in the proximal aspect of the glans and extends distally. The process is likely to be androgen-dependent and mediated via androgen receptors strategically localized to the morphogenetic process, but signaling through estrogen receptor may play a role. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) has a very limited expression in the developing human glans and prepuce, while estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) is expressed more broadly in the developing preputial lamina, epidermis and urethra. Examination of the ontogeny of innervation of the glans penis and prepuce reveals the presence of the dorsal nerve of the penis as early as 9 weeks of gestation. Nerve fibers enter the glans penis proximally and extend distally over several weeks to eventually reach the distal aspect of the glans and prepuce by 14-16 weeks of gestation

"A partir de una articulación por medio de una estructura espacial, un modelo proyectual como principio de ordenación arquitectónica”

Tesis (Licenciado en Arquitectura y Título de Arquitecto)RECORRIDO ESPACIAL::: cada situación es descubierta en la experiencia dinámica del movimiento_la experiencia del recorrido ...la relación del hombre con la arquitectura es un hecho fundamentalmente perceptivo,la arquitectura se experimenta a través de la totalidad de los sentidos, no solo por la visión,y el logro de la satisfacción humana debe ser uno de los fines del arquitecto...Geoffrey Broadbent A modo de ir interiorizando el tema central de la investigación, es necesario señalar, dentro del ámbito del diseño arquitectónico como tal, que los edificios se diseñan, ante todo, para dar cabida a ciertas actividades humanas, modificando el ambiente buscando condiciones internas de confort. Es por esto que es necesario aplicar, mediante el conocimiento de las necesidades tanto individuales como sociales, una estrategia de diseño adecuada para generar la integración de la arquitectura en estructuras que sean tanto humanas como eficaces. El objetivo de lo anteriormente expuesto radica en que el primer propósito es disponer de un contenedor de actividades, recintos y espacios en donde la actividad propiamente,se lleve a cabo de la mano de la integración de lo público y lo privado, por medio de la articulación de ambos. Cabe señalar que es necesario entender la relación entre el hombre y el edificio, relación que se vive a través de la experiencia del recorrido por medio de los sentidos. El edificio como “ente” debe estimular los sentidos generando una gama de sensaciones mas allá de lo visual, debido a que la información que nos entrega un edificio como obra arquitectónica es a través de los canales sensoriales...“cada acto perceptivo es una transacción entre el estimulo y la experiencia, esa experiencia aumenta continuamente con cada uno de los sentidos”...Dean y McGlothlen, 1965. Es por esto que se debe establecer una búsqueda de los determinantes del diseño de un lugar,en este caso, la relación establecida entre el tejido_el lenguaje espacial_y el espacio construido. Además habrá que tener presente al usuario del lugar como perceptor, y que este los percibirá a través de sus sentidos: vera, oirá, sentirá frió o calor, y tendrá otras experiencias, todo esto como resultado de las decisiones de un diseñador como administrador del espacio. Es por esto que se requiere de una estrategia de trabajo a utilizar, en el diseño del espacio, del espacio que se quiere construir, la cual consistirá en un proceso de trabajo. El cual tiene como objetivo llegar a aproximarse de la mejor manera posible a la confección de un modelo,donde se establece e identifica claramente la relación entre las partes constituyentes del fenómeno que se examina, en este caso el recorrido espacial y el modelo proyectual como soporte de la articulación de lo publico y lo privado. Primero esta la fase del análisis del Tapiz de la Cultura Nazca, que consiste en encontrar un lenguaje espacial en el tejido y a partir de ciertos elementos y conceptos desglosados o desprendidos de este, establecer un hilo conductor o eje central, un patrón espacial, una ley. Se debe buscar un trabajo en la abstracción en vías de la espacialidad, buscar una estrategia

Decays rates for S- and P-wave bottomonium

We use the Bodwin-Braaten-Lepage factorization scheme to separate the long- and short-distance factors that contribute to the decay rates of $\Upsilon$, $\eta_b$ (S-wave) and $\chi_b$,$h_b$ (P-wave). The long distance matrix elements are calculated on the lattice in the quenched approximation using a non-relativistic formulation of the $b$ quark dynamics.Comment: 3 pages Latex using espcrc2.sty and epsf.sty + 2 postscript figure

Quantum repeaters with individual rare-earth ions at telecommunication wavelengths

We present a quantum repeater scheme that is based on individual erbium and europium ions. Erbium ions are attractive because they emit photons at telecommunication wavelength, while europium ions offer exceptional spin coherence for long-term storage. Entanglement between distant erbium ions is created by photon detection. The photon emission rate of each erbium ion is enhanced by a microcavity with high Purcell factor, as has recently been demonstrated. Entanglement is then transferred to nearby europium ions for storage. Gate operations between nearby ions are performed using dynamically controlled electric-dipole coupling. These gate operations allow entanglement swapping to be employed in order to extend the distance over which entanglement is distributed. The deterministic character of the gate operations allows improved entanglement distribution rates in comparison to atomic ensemble-based protocols. We also propose an approach that utilizes multiplexing in order to enhance the entanglement distribution rate.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Empirical Mode Decomposition in 2-D space and time: a tool for space-time rainfall analysis and nowcasting

International audienceA data-driven method for extracting information, at temporally predictable scales, from spatial rainfall data (as measured by radar/satellite) is described, which extends the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm into two dimensions. The EMD technique is used here to separate spatial rainfall data into a sequence of high through to low frequency components. This process is equivalent to a low-pass spatial filter, but based on the observed properties of the data rather than the predefined basis functions used in traditional Fourier or Wavelet decompositions. It has been suggested in the literature that the lower frequency components of spatial rainfall data exhibit greater temporal persistence than the higher frequency ones. This idea is explored here in the context of Empirical Mode Decomposition, to prepare rainfall data for nowcasts based on the temporal evolution of the lower frequency components. The paper focuses on the implementation and development of the two-dimensional extension to the EMD algorithm and it's application to radar rainfall data, as well as examining temporal persistence in the data at different spatial scales