Estimating Node Density and Achieving Energy Efficient In Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks, energy consumption is an important issue compared with other parameter. Minimum Energy consumption is achieved by the duty cycle in the network. The concept of a low duty cycle is representing as a periodic wake-up scheme. If the nodes residual energy is higher than the threshold value the node act as a parent node and it creates the leaf node during the transmission finally forwards the packets based on the energy level in the node. If the nodes residual energy is lower than the threshold value the node act as a child node, which is, enter the sleep mode. After finishing the sleep period it will wake up and check the channel if any transmission is there. If packet is to be transmitting or receiving, the nodes forward the packet otherwise again go to the sleep state. In AODV, protocol has the highest energy consumption than the Modified Energy AODV protocol. However, this concept is applicable only in small network. Simulation results show that Modified Energy AODV provides better performance in terms of energy, packet delivery ratio and throughput

Percolative shunting on electrified surface

The surface discharge of electrified dielectrics at high humidity is considered. The percolative nature of charge transport in electrets is established. Particular attention is given to the phenomena of adsorption and nucleation of electrically conducting phase in the cause of percolation cluster growth on electrified surface. The critical index of the correlation lenght for percolation cluster is found, and its value is in good agreement with the known theoretical estimations.Comment: 4 pages with 1 figure, revtex, published in Tech. Phys. Lett. 25 (1999) 877-879 with one additional figur

DeMalFier: Detection of Malicious web pages using an effective classifier

The web has become an indispensable global platform that glues together daily communication, sharing, trading, collaboration and service delivery. Web users often store and manage critical information that attracts cybercriminals who misuse the web and the internet to exploit vulnerabilities for illegitimate benefits. Malicious web pages are transpiring threatening issue over the internet becaus

Self-organized Pattern Formation in Motor-Microtubule Mixtures

We propose and study a hydrodynamic model for pattern formation in mixtures of molecular motors and microtubules. The steady state patterns we obtain in different regimes of parameter space include arrangements of vortices and asters separately as well as aster-vortex mixtures and fully disordered states. Such stable steady states are observed in experiments in vitro. The sequence of patterns obtained in the experiments can be associated with smooth trajectories in a non-equilibrium phase diagram for our model.Comment: 11 pages Latex file, 2 figures include

Community College Students\u27 Perceptions of Developmental Mathematics and Influences on Persistence

The increase in the dropout rates associated with developmental mathematics classes in 1 Texas community college provoked the need for this study. The purpose of this case study was to explore students\u27 reasons for dropping out of developmental mathematics and what might have helped them be successful. Tinto\u27s model of student attrition, which is characterized by students\u27 social and academic integration affecting their retention in the college, provided the conceptual framework for the study. The research questions addressed the students\u27 perceptions of both why they dropped out of developmental mathematics courses and what might have helped them to successfully complete those courses. A purposeful sampling process was used to select 7 developmental mathematics students who did not complete the course. Data were collected through semistructured interviews from 7 developmental mathematics students. Emergent themes were identified through open coding, and the findings were developed and reviewed for trustworthiness through member checking, rich descriptions, and a code-recode process. Findings revealed that students needed help in acquiring a better understanding of the subject, in adapting to different teaching methods, and in finding available resources. A professional development training for mathematics instructors was created to share the why students drop out of developmental mathematics and to provide suggestions for improved teaching practices. Results from this study may lead to the positive social change by providing teachers with successful developmental mathematics strategies to improve student performance

Two-Component Fluid Membranes Near Repulsive Walls: Linearized Hydrodynamics of Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium States

We study the linearized hydrodynamics of a two-component fluid membrane near a repulsive wall, via a model which incorporates curvature- concentration coupling as well as hydrodynamic interactions. This model is a simplified version of a recently proposed one [J.-B. Manneville et al. Phys. Rev. E, 64, 021908 (2001)] for non-equilibrium force-centres embedded in fluid membranes, such as light-activated bacteriorhodopsin pumps incorporated in phospholipid (EPC) bilayers. The pump/membrane system is modeled as an impermeable, two-component bilayer fluid membrane in the presence of an ambient solvent, in which one component, representing active pumps, is described in terms of force dipoles displaced with respect to the bilayer midpoint. We first discuss the case in which such pumps are rendered inactive, computing the mode structure in the bulk as well as the modification of hydrodynamic properties by the presence of a nearby wall. We then discuss the fluctuations and mode structure in steady state of active two-component membranes near a repulsive wall. We find that proximity to the wall smoothens membrane height fluctuations in the stable regime, resulting in a logarithmic scaling of the roughness even for initially tensionless membranes. This explicitly non-equilibrium result, a consequence of the incorporation of curvature-concentration coupling in our treatment, also indicates that earlier scaling arguments which obtained an increase in the roughness of active membranes near repulsive walls may need to be reevaluated.Comment: 39 page Latex file, 3 encapsulated Postscript figure

Adsorption of Multi-block and Random Copolymer on a Solid Surface: Critical Behavior and Phase Diagram

The adsorption of a single multi-block $AB$-copolymer on a solid planar substrate is investigated by means of computer simulations and scaling analysis. It is shown that the problem can be mapped onto an effective homopolymer adsorption problem. In particular we discuss how the critical adsorption energy and the fraction of adsorbed monomers depend on the block length $M$ of sticking monomers $A$, and on the total length $N$ of the polymer chains. Also the adsorption of the random copolymers is considered and found to be well described within the framework of the annealed approximation. For a better test of our theoretical prediction, two different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods were employed: a) off-lattice dynamic bead-spring model, based on the standard Metropolis algorithm (MA), and b) coarse-grained lattice model using the Pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) which enables tests for very long chains. The findings of both methods are fully consistent and in good agreement with theoretical predictions.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

Book of Abstracts & Success Stories National Conference on Marine Debris COMAD 2018

Marine debris has become a global problem with considerable threats to the habitat and to the functions of marine ecosystem. One of the first reports of large areas of plastics in the ocean has been by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1988 about the Great Pacific Garbage patch or the Pacific trash vortex, where the density of litter is estimated as four numbers per cubic meter. Globally, this shocking information led to initiation of new research programs on marine litter and in India, the ICAR-CMFRI started an in house research program on this theme in 2007.Understanding the significance of this ecological problem which is purely a direct impact of anthropogenic activity, the Marine Biological Association of India decided to organise a National Conference on Marine Debris (COMAD 2018 ) with an aim to bring together researchers, planners, NGOs, entrepreneurs and local governing bodies working on this theme. Thus, this conference was planned with three main componentsunderstand the research outputs, get first- hand information on the various activities carried out by the public to reduce or recycle non degradable waste generated at various levels and also to have an exhibition of eco-friendly activities and products which would help to reduce marine debris in the long run. The response to all the three themes has been very encouraging. We have received about 50 research articles on themes ranging from micro-plastics to ghost nets and the same number of success stories which are actually details of the diverse activities carried out in different maritime states of the country to solve the issue of solid waste generated in the country. The section on success stories includes attempts by eco-clubs, individuals, schools, colleges, local governing bodies, district administrations, Institutions and NGOs. Activities by some Panchayats like banning plastics in public functions and mechanisms to collect sold waste from households are really commendable. Similarly, the efforts put in by various groups to remove marine debris from the coastal waters is something which should be appreciated. The message from these success stories is that, this problem of increasing marine debris can be resolved. We have got success stories from almost all states and these leaders of clean campaign will be presenting their work in the conference. It is well known that visuals such as photographs and videos are powerful tools of communication. In COMAD 2018, we have provided an opportunity for all across the nation to contribute to this theme through photographs and videos. Am very happy that we have received more than 300 photographs and nearly 25 videos. The MBAI will place these on the web site. It is really shocking to see the quantity of litter in the fishing ground and in the coastal ecosystem

Preclinical evaluation of Siddha Polyherbal formulation Pitha Kamalai Choornam for its Hepatoprotective activity in wistar albino rats

The trial drug Pitha Kamalai Choornam was selected from the text “Korakkar Maruththuvam” for the validation of safety, efficacy and its potency in hepatoprotective effect. The raw drugs were collected from the Ramasamy pillai shops, at Paris corner, Chennai. The raw drugs were authenticated by the Botanist and Proffesor in Gunapdam Department in Government Siddha Medical College, Arumbakkam, and Chennai-106. Various collections of Siddha and Modern science about the ingredients of the drug supported the fact of hepatoprotective activity. The shelf life of Choornam is mentioned in Siddha literature as 3 months. But the recent report has been published by the AYUSH and mentioned that the shelf life of Choornam is only 1 years. Physico-chemical Analysis: The pH of Pitha Kamalai Choornam was 5.63 which is acidic in nature. Acidic drugs are essential for Bioavailability and effectiveness. Acididic drugs are better absorbed in stomach. Hence, the drug does not produce any harmful effect to the mucus membrane of the GI tract. Choornam is one of the basic medicines in Siddha system. The medicines on this order have fine particle size and low moisture content. The fine particle size enhances the pharmacokinetic actions and the low moisture content indicates the longer shelf life period of the drug. Instrumental Analysis: Based on the results, Pitha Kamalai Choornam is preferably non-toxic to human in its therapeutic dose. The standardization of the drug was evaluated by chemical characterization with heavy metal analysis, functional group analysis, elemental analysis and determination of particle size by ICP-OES, FTIR, XRD and SEM respectively. ICP-OES reveals high concentration of K in Pitha Kamalai Choornam (44.801 mg/l). It also has physiologically important minerals like Na, Mg, P and Ca. In Pitha Kamalai Choornam the heavy metals like As, Cd, Pb and trace element like Ni were not detectable level. This reveals the safety of the drug. The FTIR results showed the presence of O-H Stretching and bend, C-H Stretching and bend, C=O Stretching as functional groups. The shift of C=O stretching frequency indicates a bounding of the calcium and oxygen nanoparticles through this group. XRD pattern of the trail drug Pitha Kamalai Choornam shows some good crystanility. The majar diffraction peaks are identified after XRD analysis. The crystalline may be due to the presence of the ingredients of the Pitha kamalai choornam. The SEM picture shown the presence of nanoparticle of size 1μm – 500 nm in the drug Pitha Kamalai Choornam. Further, the study shows that Pitha Kamalai Choornam is a kind of nanomedicine which favours the advantages of bio availability, better absorption and non toxic with minimal dose level. The Physico chemical analysis shows the presence of Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium which is physiologically important. In Pitha Kamalai Choornam the heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury were not detectable. This reveals the safety of the drug. Pharmacokinetic Aspect: The week acidic medicines were absorbed in alkaline medium. That is the Pitha Kamalai Choornam may be absorbed in small intestine. Toxicity Studies: From the acute toxicity study as per OECD guideline 423, it was concluded that the test drug Pitha Kamalai Choornam is a safest drug. No mortality was obtained. In Conclusion, no toxic effect was observed up to 400mg/kg of Pitha Kamalai Choornam treated over a period of 28 days (OECD 407). So, it can be concluded that the Pitha Kamalai Choornam can be prescribed for therapeutic use in human with the dosage recommendations of up to 100mg/kg body weight p.o. Hepatoprotective activity aginst CCl4 and Paracetamol: The present study showed that Pitha Kamalai Choornam produce protective action against the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 and paracetamol. The hepatoprotective role of Pitha Kamalai Choornam might be due to its chemical constituent. Pitha Kamalai Choornam produces antioxidant activity so this mechanism suggesting that the Pitha Kamalai Choornam may be useful to prevent the oxidative stress induced damage in liver. Hence Pitha Kamalai Choornam may be act as prophylactic as well as curative drug in treating hepato toxic conditions. Further studies needs to isolate the active constituents and also to evaluate the exact mechanism of action. Thus the author validated Pitha Kamalai Choornam as a new hepatoprotective drug which is cost effective and without any side effects