Pembuatan Sediaan Tablet Mengapung Famotidin Menggunakan Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan-Pektin Sebagai Bahan Matriks

Floating tablet is one of the drug delivery system retained in the stomach which aims to prolong the lag time of the drug in the stomach. This principle can be used to improve the efficacy of famotidine in treating diseases in the stomach The purpose of this research is to develop dosage form afloat by using Chitosan Pectin Electrolytes (PEC) as matrix then used as the matrix in tablet dosage form with famotidine as a drug model. PEC also combined with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) with different. PEC was also combined with hydroxypropilmethylcellulose (HPMC) in different concentrations. The results of the dissolution study showed that PEC could retard the release of famotidin for 10 hours. PEC in combination with HPMC could retard the release of famotidin for 20 hours. Tablet that only contains PEC as matrix could remain buoyant for 12 hours while tablet with combination of PEC and HPMC could remain buoyant for 24 hours

Pembuatan Matriks Dari Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan Pektin Untuk Sediaan Tablet Mengapung

Chitosan is a natural cationic polymer. That cationic property makes chitosan canform polyelectrolite complex (PEC) with anionic polymer. In this research, pectinwas used as anionic polymer that interact ionically with chitosan. The aim of thisresearch is to produce and characterize chitosan-pectin PEC that would be used asmatrix in floating tablet. The solutions of chitosan and pectin 0,3% w/v were mixedin ratio 1:9, 3:7, 1:1, 7:3 and 9:1 with pH of the solution 4,5 and 5,0. The bestcondition to produce PEC was in pH 5,0 with ratio of chitosan and pectin = 3:7. Thedifferences between chitosan-pectin PEC characteristic and its origin polymer wereshown by functional group analysis, thermal analysis, swelling capacity and gelstrength. The PEC was then used as matrix in floating tablet

Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus: from enzootic to zoonotic disease

Environmental transmission of Chlamydia abortus as a result of enzootic disease or disease outbreaks and the threats posed by this pathogen has been previously reported, however a state-of-the-science review of these reports and the identification of future research priorities in this area is still lacking. This study provides an overview of the current knowledge of host-pathogen-environment interactions, addressing public health risks and identifying critical questions and research gaps. We performed a systematic PubMed and Web of Science search for publications related to Chlamydia abortus in the past four decades, and we reviewed and combined the evidence critically discussing and commenting the results. A total of 182 studies, 5 chapters of specific books and the "OIE terrestrial manual" were included in this review. There were substantial variations between the studies in topic addressed and experimental design. Overall, the literature largely supports the crucial role played by environmental exposure on the acquisition of zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia abortus. We also identify the paucity of information related to interspecies transmission and pathogen adaptation in relation to environmental dissemination and zoonotic risk. This analysis further highlights the need for additional research given that environmental transmission represents a serious risk not only to susceptible patients (pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals), but also for other species including wildlife

Resistance of thermally modified ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood under steam pressure against rot fungi, soil-inhabiting micro-organisms and termites

Thermal modification processes have been developed to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of ThermoWood® treatment intensity on improvement of wood decay resistance against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms, brown/white rots and termite exposures. All of the tests were carried out in the laboratory with two different complementary research materials. The main research material consisted of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood thermally modified at temperatures of 170, 200, 215 and 228 °C. The reference materials were untreated ash and beech wood for decay resistance tests, untreated ash wood for soil bed tests and untreated ash, beech and pine wood for termite resistance tests. An agar block test was used to determine the resistance to two brown-rot and two white-rot fungi according to CEN/TS 15083-1 directives. Durability against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms was determined following the CEN/TS 15083-2 directives, by measuring the weight loss, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) after incubation periods of 24, 32 and 90 weeks. Finally, Reticulitermes santonensis species was used for determining the termite attack resistance by non-choice screening tests, with a size sample adjustment according to EN 117 standard directives on control samples and on samples which have previously been exposed to soil bed test. Thermal modification increased the biological durability of all samples. However, high thermal modification temperature above 215 °C, represented by a wood mass loss (ML%) due to thermal degradation of 20%, was needed to reach resistance against decay comparable with the durability classes of ‘‘durable’’ or ‘‘very durable’’ in the soil bed test. The brown-rot and white-rot tests gave slightly better durability classes than the soil bed test. Whatever the heat treatment conditions are, thermally modified ash wood was not efficient against termite attack neither before nor after soft rot degradation

FORMULATION OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE TRANSFERSOMES GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Objective: A transfersome is a drug delivery system that offers increased penetration for the transdermal delivery of drugs. The aim of this study wasto assess the application of transfersomes for transdermal delivery of andrographolide.Methods: The development of andrographolide transfersomes for transdermal delivery was conducted in two steps. The first step involved varyingratios of Span 80 and phospholipids to investigate the effect on transfersome deformability using four formulations (P1–P4). Afterward, a second stepinvolved varying ratios of andrographolide in transfersomes to investigate the influence on entrapment efficiency using four formulations (F1–F4).The selected transfersomes were then formulated into a gel dosage form. An in vitro penetration study was conducted by comparing the penetrationfluxes of the transfersome and non-transfersome andrographolide gels using Franz diffusion cells.Results: The results showed that formulation F4 had an entrapment efficiency of 97.02±0.01% and particle size (DV-average) of 524.02 nm. An in vitropenetration study of the andrographolide transfersome gels showed two phases of penetration, with a marked increase in both fluxes. In the firstphase, penetration flux was 23.26±2.34 and 1.28±0.82 μg/cm2·h for the transfersome and non-transfersome andrographolide gels, respectively.Conclusion: The results showed that the transfersome gel is a promising dosage system for transdermal delivery of andrographolide

A functional interaction between liprin-α1 and B56γ regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A supports tumor cell motility.

Scaffold liprin-α1 is required to assemble dynamic plasma membrane-associated platforms (PMAPs) at the front of migrating breast cancer cells, to promote protrusion and invasion. We show that the N-terminal region of liprin-α1 contains an LxxIxE motif interacting with B56 regulatory subunits of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The specific interaction of B56γ with liprin-α1 requires an intact motif, since two point mutations strongly reduce the interaction. B56γ mediates the interaction of liprin-α1 with the heterotrimeric PP2A holoenzyme. Most B56γ protein is recovered in the cytosolic fraction of invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, where B56γ is complexed with liprin-α1. While mutation of the short linear motif (SLiM) does not affect localization of liprin-α1 to PMAPs, localization of B56γ at these sites specifically requires liprin-α1. Silencing of B56γ or liprin-α1 inhibits to similar extent cell spreading on extracellular matrix, invasion, motility and lamellipodia dynamics in migrating MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that B56γ/PP2A is a novel component of the PMAPs machinery regulating tumor cell motility. In this direction, inhibition of cell spreading by silencing liprin-α1 is not rescued by expression of B56γ binding-defective liprin-α1 mutant. We propose that liprin-α1-mediated recruitment of PP2A via B56γ regulates cell motility by controlling protrusion in migrating MDA-MB-231 cells