Schroedinger functional formalism with domain-wall fermion

Finite volume renormalization scheme is one of the most fascinating scheme for non-perturbative renormalization on lattice. By using the step scaling function one can follow running of renormalized quantities with reasonable cost. It has been established the Schroedinger functional is very convenient to define a field theory in a finite volume for the renormalization scheme. The Schroedinger functional, which is characterized by a Dirichlet boundary condition in temporal direction, is well defined and works well for the Yang-Mills theory and QCD with the Wilson fermion. However one easily runs into difficulties if one sets the same sort of the Dirichlet boundary condition for the overlap Dirac operator or the domain-wall fermion. In this paper we propose an orbifolding projection procedure to impose the Schroedinger functional Dirichlet boundary condition on the domain-wall fermion.Comment: 32 page

A Geometrical Relationship between Broad-Line Clouds and an Accretion Disk around Active Galactic Nuclei

Recent hard X-ray spectroscopy of active galactic nuclei has strongly suggested that double-peaked, very broad Fe K emission arises from an accretion disk around the central engine. Model fitting of the observed Fe K emission line profile makes it possible to estimate a probable inclination angle of the accretion disk. In order to study the geometrical relationship between the accretion disk and broad emission-line regions (BLRs), we investigate the correlation between the inclination angle of the accretion disk and the velocity width of BLRs for 18 type-1 Seyfert galaxies. We found that there may be a negative correlation between them, i.e., Seyfert nuclei with a more face-on accretion disk tend to have larger BLR velocity widths, suggesting that the BLRs are not coplanar with respect to the accretion disk. The most probable interpretation may be that the BLRs arise from outer parts ({\it r} $\sim$ 0.01 pc) of a warped accretion disk illuminated by the central engine.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; accepted for Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japa

INCOME ELASTICITY OF RICE DEMAND IN JAPAN AND ITS IMPLICATIONS: CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA ANALYSIS

Researchers believe that rice in developed countries such as Japan became an inferior good a few decades ago. This study employs the flexible complete demand system for the recent cross-sectional data in Japan. Our results clearly show that rice in Japan is a normal good contrary to the preceding studies. The objective of this research is to analyze the food consumption patterns and to conduct econometric analysis of food demand structure. We use the monthly basis cross-sectional household data, Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) in 1997. Food items are non-glutinous rice, bread, noodle, fresh fish, and shellfish, fresh meat, milk, eggs, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, fats and oil, and food away from home. We apply various single equation models: Working-Leser model is estimated by OLS, Heckman's two-step estimator, and Tobit estimator. All coefficients have correct signs and are statistically significant. For the complete demand system analysis, we apply the almost ideal demand (AIDS) system. To correct a censored dependent variable problem, we additionally utilize a censored regression approach. Results from AIDS models show that the expenditure elasticity of rice is positive and close to one. Marshallian and Hicksian own-price elasticities for rice are highly elastic for all models. Fresh meats and rice are mild complements in all models; however, fresh fish and rice show the mixed results.AIDS model, Cross-section, Income Elasticity, Japan, Rice Consumption, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Orbital Decay and Tidal Disruption of a Star Cluster: Analytical Calculation

The orbital decay and tidal disruption of a star cluster in a galaxy is studied in an analytical manner. Owing to dynamical friction, the star cluster spirals in toward the center of the galaxy. Simultaneously, the galactic tidal field strips stars from the outskirts of the star cluster. Under an assumption that the star cluster undergoes a self-similar evolution, we obtain the condition and timescale for the star cluster to reach the galaxy center before its disruption. The result is used to discuss the fate of so-called intermediate-mass black holes with >10^3 M(sun) found recently in young star clusters of starburst galaxies and also the mass function of globular clusters in galaxies.Comment: 12 pages, 1 PS file for 2 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa

Thermodynamic properties of quadrupolar states in the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb2_2Ti2_2O7_7

The low-temperature thermodynamic properties of the frustrated pyrochlore Tb$_{2+x}$Ti$_{2-x}$O$_{7+y}$ have been studied using the single crystal of $x=0.005$ sitting in a long range ordered phase in the $x$-$T$ phase diagram. We observed that the specific heat exhibits a minimum around 2 K and slightly increases on cooling, similar to a Schottky-like anomaly for canonical spin ices. A clear specific-heat peak observed at $T_{\rm c} = 0.53$ K is ascribable to the phase transition to a quadrupolar state, which contributes to a relatively large change in entropy, $S \simeq 2.7$ J K$^{-1}$mol$^{-1}$. However, it is still smaller than $R\ln2$ for the ground state doublet of the Tb ions. The entropy release persists to higher temperatures, suggesting strong fluctuations associated with spin ice correlations above $T_{\rm c}$. We discuss the field dependence of the entropy change for $H||[111]$ and $H||[001]$.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Equivalence of kinetic-theory and random-matrix approaches to Lyapunov spectra of hard-sphere systems

In the study of chaotic behaviour of systems of many hard spheres, Lyapunov exponents of small absolute value exhibit interesting characteristics leading to speculations about connections to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Analytical approaches to these exponents so far can be divided into two groups, macroscopically oriented approaches, using kinetic theory or hydrodynamics, and more microscopically oriented random-matrix approaches in quasi-one-dimensional systems. In this paper, I present an approach using random matrices and weak disorder expansion in an arbitrary number of dimensions. Correlations between subsequent collisions of a particle are taken into account. It is shown that the results are identical to those of a previous approach based on an extended Enskog-equation. I conclude that each approach has its merits, and provides different insights into the approximations made, which include the Sto{\ss}zahlansatz, the continuum limit, and the long-wavelength approximation. The comparison also gives insight into possible connections between Lyapunov exponents and fluctuations

2D Lattice Liquid Models

A family of novel models of liquid on a 2D lattice (2D lattice liquid models) have been proposed as primitive models of soft-material membrane. As a first step, we have formulated them as single-component, single-layered, classical particle systems on a two-dimensional surface with no explicit viscosity. Among the family of the models, we have shown and constructed two stochastic models, a vicious walk model and a flow model, on an isotropic regular lattice and on the rectangular honeycomb lattice of various sizes. In both cases, the dynamics is governed by the nature of the frustration of the particle movements. By simulations, we have found the approximate functional form of the frustration probability, and peculiar anomalous diffusions in their time-averaged mean square displacements in the flow model. The relations to other existing statistical models and possible extensions of the models are also discussed.Comment: REVTeX4, 14 pages in double colomn, 12 figures; added references with some comments, typos fixe