Minimising the impact of disturbances in future highly-distributed power systems

It is expected that future power systems will require radical distributed control approaches to accommodate the significant expansion of renewable energy sources and other flexible grid devices. It is important to rapidly and efficiently respond to disturbances by, for example: utilising adaptive, wide-area protection schemes; proactive control of available grid resources (such as managing the fault level contribution from converter-interfaced generation) to optimise protection functionality; and taking post-fault action to ensure protection stability and optimal system operation. This paper analyses and highlights the protection functions which will be especially important to minimising the impact of disturbances in future power systems. These functions include: fast-acting wide-area protection methods using Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs); adaptive and “self-organising” protection under varying system conditions; protection with distributed Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs); enhanced fault ride-through; and pattern recognition based schemes. In particular, the paper illustrates how the increased availability of measurements and communications can enable improved protection functionality within distribution systems, which is especially important to accommodate the connection of highly-distributed generation at medium- and low-voltages

Human Papillomavirus E6 Triggers Upregulation of the Antiviral and Cancer Genomic DNA Deaminase APOBEC3B

ABSTRACT Several recent studies have converged upon the innate immune DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) as a significant source of genomic uracil lesions and mutagenesis in multiple human cancers, including those of the breast, head/neck, cervix, bladder, lung, ovary, and other tissues. A3B is upregulated in these tumor types relative to normal tissues, but the mechanism is unclear. Because A3B also has antiviral activity in multiple systems and is a member of the broader innate immune response, we tested the hypothesis that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes A3B upregulation. We found that A3B mRNA expression and enzymatic activity were upregulated following transfection of a high-risk HPV genome and that this effect was abrogated by inactivation of E6. Transduction experiments showed that the E6 oncoprotein alone was sufficient to cause A3B upregulation, and a panel of high-risk E6 proteins triggered higher A3B levels than did a panel of low-risk or noncancer E6 proteins. Knockdown experiments in HPV-positive cell lines showed that endogenous E6 is required for A3B upregulation. Analyses of publicly available head/neck cancer data further support this relationship, as A3B levels are higher in HPV-positive cancers than in HPV-negative cancers. Taken together with the established role for high-risk E6 in functional inactivation of TP53 and published positive correlations in breast cancer between A3B upregulation and genetic inactivation of TP53, our studies suggest a model in which high-risk HPV E6, possibly through functional inactivation of TP53, causes derepression of A3B gene transcription. This would lead to a mutator phenotype that explains the observed cytosine mutation biases in HPV-positive head/neck and cervical cancers

ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE CHANGE IN DENIZLI CITY CENTER THROUGH GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The planning of land-use in urban areas is important in terms of sustainable urbanization, rational use of natural resources, and enhancing the quality of life. Land-use changes should be monitored and the problems should be settled in congruence with the process, especially during the urban planning process. The satellite images and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are employed as crucial application instruments in monitoring and analyzing this process respectively. In the present study, Denizli city, which is transformed by the industrialization process and the planning experiences in the past, is addressed. The land-use changes in Denizli city center between 1974 and 2015 are analyzed by (GIS) using topographical maps and satellite images. In the conclusion section, the planning strategies to be pursued by local governments according to the land-use change of Denizli during the re-planning process are discussed

3D Architecture and Replaceable Layers for Label-Free DNA Biochips

Recent advances in bio-sensing technologies have led to design of bio-sensor arrays for rapid identification and quantification of various biological agents such as drugs, gene expressions, proteins, cholesterol, fats, etc. Various dedicated sensing arrays are already available commercially to monitor some of these compounds in a sample. However, monitoring the simultaneous presence of multiple agents in a sample is still a challenging task. Multiple agents may often attach to the same probes on an array which makes it difficult to design a chip that can distinguish such agents (leading to low specificity). Thus, sophisticated algorithms for targets identification need to be implemented in biochip in order to maximize the number of distinguishable targets in the samples. The proposed algorithms are also required to introduce sophisticated signal processing and more intelligence on-chip. Dealing with these new processing and information technology demands constraints also require more innovative approaches towards hybrid integration technologies. To address such new demands, we discuss in this paper an innovative 3D-integrated bio-chips especially dedicated to label-free DNA detection

Mutation Processes in 293-Based Clones Overexpressing the DNA Cytosine Deaminase APOBEC3B.

Molecular, cellular, and clinical studies have combined to demonstrate a contribution from the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) to the overall mutation load in breast, head/neck, lung, bladder, cervical, ovarian, and other cancer types. However, the complete landscape of mutations attributable to this enzyme has yet to be determined in a controlled human cell system. We report a conditional and isogenic system for A3B induction, genomic DNA deamination, and mutagenesis. Human 293-derived cells were engineered to express doxycycline-inducible A3B-eGFP or eGFP constructs. Cells were subjected to 10 rounds of A3B-eGFP exposure that each caused 80-90% cell death. Control pools were subjected to parallel rounds of non-toxic eGFP exposure, and dilutions were done each round to mimic A3B-eGFP induced population fluctuations. Targeted sequencing of portions of TP53 and MYC demonstrated greater mutation accumulation in the A3B-eGFP exposed pools. Clones were generated and microarray analyses were used to identify those with the greatest number of SNP alterations for whole genome sequencing. A3B-eGFP exposed clones showed global increases in C-to-T transition mutations, enrichments for cytosine mutations within A3B-preferred trinucleotide motifs, and more copy number aberrations. Surprisingly, both control and A3B-eGFP clones also elicited strong mutator phenotypes characteristic of defective mismatch repair. Despite this additional mutational process, the 293-based system characterized here still yielded a genome-wide view of A3B-catalyzed mutagenesis in human cells and a system for additional studies on the compounded effects of simultaneous mutation mechanisms in cancer cells

Monitoring coastline change using remote sensing and gis technology: A case study of Burdur Lake, Turkey

There are wetlands, wildlife protection areas and natural sites that are important for the ecosystem that hosts numerous living creatures in Turkey. Burdur Lake Watershed, located in the lakes region of the south west of Anatolia, is also one of the watersheds of Turkey which has significance in terms of agriculture, biodiversity and environmental impact values. Furthermore, Burdur Lake is the largest lake of this region and among deepest lakes of Turkey. In recent years, the lake has shrunk due to adverse effects of urbanization, agricultural activities, industrial activities and forest industry activities while its volume also has been observed to decrease. It is necessary to evaluate this change and develop solution proposals for sustainable development thereof. The main aim of this study is to analyze the temporal variation of the Burdur Lake coastal boundary using GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) applications. For determination of the temporal change of land use of Lake Burdur; Landsat satellite images of 1985, 2000 and 2015 belonging to Burdur Lake were used and a SWOT analysis for Burdur watershed was conducted in order to determine the causes of these changes. Strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the region have been determined thanks to this analysis and required suggestions have been made as to the issues identified in this analysis. © by PSP

MONITORING COASTLINE CHANGE USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNOLOGY: A CASE STUDY OF BURDUR LAKE, TURKEY

There are wetlands, wildlife protection areas and natural sites that are important for the ecosystem that hosts numerous living creatures in Turkey. Burdur Lake Watershed, located in the lakes region of the south west of Anatolia, is also one of the watersheds of Turkey which has significance in terms of agriculture, biodiversity and environmental impact values. Furthermore, Burdur Lake is the largest lake of this region and among deepest lakes of Turkey. In recent years, the lake has shrunk due to adverse effects of urbanization, agricultural activities, industrial activities and forest industry activities while its volume also has been observed to decrease. It is necessary to evaluate this change and develop solution proposals for sustainable development thereof. The main aim of this study is to analyze the temporal variation of the Burdur Lake coastal boundary using GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) applications. For determination of the temporal change of land use of Lake Burdur; Landsat satellite images of 1985, 2000 and 2015 belonging to Burdur Lake were used and a SWOT analysis for Burdur watershed was conducted in order to determine the causes of these changes. Strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the region have been determined thanks to this analysis and required suggestions have been made as to the issues identified in this analysis

Power quality assessment of a wave energy converter using energy storage

Wave energy has been an immense area of interest in research and industry in our move toward a sustainable energy production society due to its high energy density and surface area. However, the grid connection of wave energy converters is still one of the major challenges due to the complexity of varying wave resources (amplitude and frequency). Wave energy converter grid integration can lead to several potential challenges, such as voltage fluctuations, harmonics and flicker. Using an energy storage system can help mitigate a few challenges by balancing the grid demand with the wave energy converter power supply. Hence, improving the power quality. This study assesses the power quality of wave energy converters equipped with energy storage against the scenario without any energy storage at different power levels. The power quality in this paper is investigated using total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current, dc-link voltage ripple and battery current ripple. The study shows that the addition of a hybrid energy storage system lowers the grid current THD at the point of common coupling (PCC), stabilizes the dc-link voltage ripple and reduces the stress of the battery

Auswirkungen der Hypertonie auf Echokardiographieparameter bei rheumatoider Arthritis

Hypertension (HTN) is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Both HTN and RA have a negative impact on echocardiographically determined parameters including wall thickness, chamber diameter, diastolic function, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). We aimed to demonstrate the effect of HTN on these parameters in RA patients. Patients were divided into two groups: one group comprised 39 RA patients with HTN (7 male, mean age 56.3 +/- 8.4 years) and the second comprised 38 age- and gender-matched RA patients without HTN (10 male, mean age 55.3 +/- 7.4 years). We retrospectively analyzed the RA patients without overt structural heart disease by determining the study parameters from echocardiograph recordings. The two groups were compared in terms of echocardiographic parameters and disease characteristics. RA characteristics, chamber sizes and wall thicknesses did not differ between the groups. CIMT was significantly increased in the RA with HTN group (median 0.9 mm, range 0.6-1.2 mm vs. median 0.8 mm, range 0.6-1.0 mm; p = 0.031). EAT was also significantly increased in the RA with HTN group (8.2 +/- 1.8 mm vs. 7.4 +/- 1.4 mm; p = 0.022). Septal early diastolic E' wave velocities were significantly decreased in the RA with HTN group (8.8 +/- 2.4 cm/s vs. 10.2 +/- 1.8 cm/s; p = 0.016). HTN has a further negative impact on diastolic functions, CIMT and EAT in RA patients