Screening of Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Acalypha indica Linn against isolated respiratory pathogens

Our present study was undertaken to investigate antibacterial activity and phytochemical studies in leaf extraction of Acalypha indica against the Respiratory tract pathogens. The shade dried leaves powder was used to prepare extracts by using Aqueous and Alcohol under crude and soxhlet method. The antibacterial activity was studied by using agar well diffusion method. The result showed that crude aqueous extract is effective against all tested pathogen. Highest inhibition of zone was recorded in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16mm). Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts reveals the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids,Steroids, Saponin, Tannins, Quinine, Coumarin and Phenol

Eimeria species occurrence varies between geographic regions and poultry production systems and may influence parasite genetic diversity

Coccidiosis is one of the biggest challenges faced by the global poultry industry. Recent studies have highlighted the ubiquitous distribution of all Eimeria species which can cause this disease in chickens, but intriguingly revealed a regional divide in genetic diversity and population structure for at least one species, Eimeria tenella. The drivers associated with such distinct geographic variation are unclear, but may impact on the occurrence and extent of resistance to anticoccidial drugs and future subunit vaccines. India is one of the largest poultry producers in the world and includes a transition between E. tenella populations defined by high and low genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the prevalence of Eimeria species defined by high and low pathogenicity in northern and southern states of India, and seek to understand factors which vary between the regions as possible drivers for differential genetic variation. Faecal samples and data relating to farm characteristics and management were collected from 107 farms from northern India and 133 farms from southern India. Faecal samples were analysed using microscopy and PCR to identify Eimeria occurrence. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to transform correlated putative risk factors into a smaller number of synthetic uncorrelated factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify poultry farm typologies, revealing three distinct clusters in the studied regions. The association between clusters and presence of Eimeria species was assessed by logistic regression. The study found that large-scale broiler farms in the north were at greatest risk of harbouring any Eimeria species and a larger proportion of such farms were positive for E. necatrix, the most pathogenic species. Comparison revealed a more even distribution for E. tenella across production systems in south India, but with a lower overall occurrence. Such a polarised region- and system-specific distribution may contribute to the different levels of genetic diversity observed previously in India and may influence parasite population structure across much of Asia and Africa. The findings of the study can be used to prioritise target farms to launch and optimise appropriate anticoccidial strategies for long-term control

PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF blaCTX-M-15-PRODUCING PATHOGENIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and molecular characterization of blaCTX-M-15-producing pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria from various clinical samples isolated from clinically suspected patients.Methods: In this study, clinical samples of urine, stool, sputum, and pus were collected from 244 patients with nosocomial infections. The phenotypic identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and combined disk diffusion test. In vitro, the susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial agents against pathogenic isolates was performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The identification of blaCTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli was assessed by polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The frequency of ESBL-producing pathogenic bacteria from screened was 6 (46.15%). In vitro, susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria showed that the majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97.87%), ofloxacin (93.33%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefoperazone, and meropenem (92.30%). The rates of resistance to other antibiotics varied from <26.66%. Among six tested isolates, only one E. coli isolates showed blaCTX-M-15 gene.Conclusion: Due to the increase of E. coli with multiple ESBL genes, continuous surveillance should be needed in clinical field to use of appropriate antibiotics and the control of infections

Comparable Effects ofIsolated and CombinedAssisted and Resisted Sprint Training Programmes on Cardio Vascular Fitness among College Women Athletes

The present study was designed to find out the effects of isolated and combinedassisted and resisted sprint training programmeson cardio vascular fitness among collegewomen athletes. For this purpose,sixty(N=60) college female athletes who were studying various colleges affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli,Tamilnadu India were selected randomly as subjects. The age of the subjects was ranged between 18-21 years. The subjects were assigned at random into four groups of fifteen each (n=15) namely, Assisted Sprint Training Group (ASTG), Resisted Sprint Training Group (RSTG), Combined Assisted and Resisted Sprint Training Group (ARSTG), and Control Group (CG).Group-I underwent Assisted Sprint Training, Group-II underwent Resisted Sprint Training, Group-III underwent Combined Assisted and Resisted Sprint Trainingand Group-IV acted as Control. For all three experimental groups, the training period was limited to twelve weeks, and there could be no more than three sessions each week. The training schedule for mixed assisted and resisted sprint training was limited to alternate weeks for a total of twelve weeks. Cooper\u27s 12-minute run/walk test were used to measure the dependent variable of cardiovascular fitness. Every subject was tested for every one of the chosen factors both before and right after training. The pre and post assessment developments in the groups were analyze with t-test and analysis of covariance. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was also calculated for pair wise comparisons. For all cases 0.05 level of confidence was fixed. The study\u27s findings demonstrated that there was a significant difference in cardiovascular fitness between all three experimental group such as Assisted Sprint Training Group (ASTG), Resisted Sprint Training Group (RSTG), and Combined Assisted and Resisted Sprint Training Group (ARSTG). Additionally, the study\u27s findings supported that the Combined Assisted and Resisted Sprint Training Group (ARSTG) outperformed the Assisted Sprint Training Group (ASTG) and Resisted Sprint Training Group (RSTG) in terms of cardiovascular fitness

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge regarding Menopause and Its Impact among Women in Selected Rural Areas, Coimbatore

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on knowledge regarding menopause and its impact among women in selected rural areas, Coimbatore. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding menopause and its impact among women at selected rural areas. 2. To evaluate effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding menopause and its impact among women. 3. To find out the aassociation between level of knowledge scores with demographic variables. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: Conceptual framework was based on King’s goal Attainment Theory. METHODOLOGY: A pre experimental one group pre test-post test design was adopted. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 40 women were selected using non probability convenience sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted based on the objectives and hypothesis, using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Pre test knowledge assessment revealed that 10% of the subjects had inadequate knowledge, 80% had moderate knowledge and 10% had adequate knowledge. The overall mean percentage score was 16% in pre test, which improved to 97% in post test. The effectiveness of self instructional module was tested by inferential statistics using paired ‘t’ test. The difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores of women regarding and its impact was found to be highly significant (t=22.9, P<0.05) Chi-square analysis was done to find out the association between demographic variables and post test knowledge level. The test value obtained for chi square was greater than the table value for the demographic variables such as religion, occupation, marital status. Hence the value was significant at 0.05 level which inferred significant association of knowledge level with the selected demographic variables. However there was no significant association between age, source of information and educational status as evident by test value being less than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: Thus this study revealed that Self Instructional Module on menopause and its impact was found to be effective

4,5-Bis(1H-imidazol-1-ylmeth­yl)acridine monohydrate

In the title compound, C21H17N5·H2O, the dihedral angles between the acridine ring system and the imidazole rings are 78.8 (1) and 71.2 (1)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯N, C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid separations = 3.732 (1) and 3.569 (1) Å]

A comparative clinical study between intra-caesarean and interval intra uterine copper device insertion in caesarean deliveries

Background: Health and family welfare of Indian Ministry, emphasis on postpartum IUCD insertion. Here we conducted a clinical study comparing intra-caesarean and interval CuT-380A insertion in caesarean deliveries.Methods: A systematic study with 150 patients in each group, recruited clients alternately. Group A Intra-Caesarean Cu-T insertion and Group B Interval Cu-T insertion in caesarean deliveries. Groups were followed up at 6th week and 6th month post insertion with a set of parameters. Missed strings, expulsion and infection rates were the primary outcome measures.Results: Infection rate is higher in Group A (2.3%) at 6th week, and at 6th month infection rate is higher in Group B (1.8%). Missed strings are higher in intra-caesarean than in interval insertion method both at 6th week and 6th month follow up p=0.000, hence significant. Expulsion rate is higher in Group A (2.5%) at 6th week, and at 6th month expulsion rate is higher in Group B (1.9%). There are no complications such as uterine perforation or contraceptive failures in both the groups during the study period. By analysis, there are no significant differences in infection and expulsion rates between the groups. For missed strings there is significant difference between the groups with more missed strings in intra-caesarean insertion method.Conclusions: To conclude, intra-caesarean method is equally effective as interval IUCD insertion method without added complications in caesarean deliveries, with advantage of high motivation, good compliance, safety and ease for the provider to deliver services.

3-(2,4,6-Trimethyl­benzo­yl)-2-naphthoic acid

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H18O3, contains two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. The two mol­ecules are linked into cyclic centrosymmetric dimers R 2 2(8) by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring are 87.0 (8) and 84.4 (2)° in the two mol­ecules. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.664 (11) Å]. In one mol­ecule, the mesityl ring is disordered over two positions [occupancy ratio 0.690 (3):0.690 (3)]

Efficient Medical Image Compression Based on Wavelet Transform and Modified Gray Wolf Optimization

The use of medical images in diagnostic procedures is increasing, leadning to a significant rise in the memory and bandwidth requirements for preserving and transmitting these images. To address this issue, image compression techniques have garnered significant attention. These techniques are capable of reducing the data size necessary to represent an image, allowing for more efficient utilization of storage space and communication bandwidth by eliminating unnecessary information. Numerous research directions have focused on compressing medical images, but past approaches have been time-consuming and risked information loss. To trounce these limitations, this paper introduces an effiective method for reducing the size of medical images in telemedicine applications. The method utilizes Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and sophisticated algorithm. Primarily, input images undergo pre-processing with a circular median filter to eliminate noise and improve image quality. Subsequently, the pre-processed images are divided into multiple sub bands using IWT.Then, these sub bands are furhter divided into n X n non-overlapping matrices, and optimal coefficients are chosen by employing a modified grey wolf optimizer algorithm. Finally, the selected coefficients are encoded using Huffman coding for transmission. During decompression, the reverse process of image compression is applied. The introduced method is tested on various medical images, and the findings demonstrate its superior performance compared to previous methods, generating visually similar images with a smaller data size

N-(2-Formyl­phen­yl)benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C13H11NO3S, the two aromatic rings are oriented at an angle of 88.18 (8)°. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed, each of which generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into C(7) chains along [010] by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the sulfonyl-bound phenyl ring