Trends and Outcomes of Traditional Medicine Treatments for Arterial Hypertension and Rheumatic Diseases in Mongolia (2021-2023)

We analyzed morbidity, mortality, and inpatient data from 2021 to 2023, obtained from the Center for Health Development in Mongolia.Background:  This study analyzes morbidity, mortality, and inpatient data from Mongolian Traditional Medicine Departments (MTMDs) for the years 2021-2023, focusing on patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension (ICD-10 I10) and rheumatoid arthritis (ICD-10 M05), corresponding to traditional diagnoses of "wind and blood ascending disorder" and "rheumatic diseases," respectively.Methods: Data were collected from the Center for Health Development Mongolia, encompassing 1,398 cases of "wind and blood ascending disorder" and 175 cases of "rheumatic diseases." Variables analyzed included patient demographics, hospitalization duration, and disease status.Results:1. From 2021 to 2023, cases decreased annually (823 in 2021, 404 in 2022, and 171 in 2023). Ulaanbaatar and Zavkhan had the highest prevalence rates (1.5%), while Orkhon had the lowest (0.1%). Admissions peaked in winter and decreased in spring, with significant monthly variations (p<0.05). Most patients (73.2%) were treated in private hospitals, with a mean hospital stay of 7.07±1.73 days. Cases varied across the years (95 in 2021, 34 in 2022, and 46 in 2023). Ulaanbaatar accounted for the majority of hospitalizations (82.1% in 2021, 64.7% in 2022, 30.4% in 2023). Mean hospital stay was 7.3±1.29 days, with significant regional differences (p<0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of "wind and blood ascending disorder" has declined, while admissions to MTMDs have increased. "Rheumatic diseases" showed a variable pattern, with significant regional and temporal differences in hospitalization rates and durations. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes of these trends and optimize treatment protocols

Иксодовые клещи юга Восточной Сибири и Монголии и их спонтанная зараженность возбудителями природно-очаговых трансмиссивных инфекций

The goal of the study is to reveal the species of Ixodid ticks in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, having epidemiological value and pathogens that transmit to humans via their bites. The tasks is to determine ecologo-epidemiologial characteristics of the main vectors and genetic characteristics of the agents of tick-borne infections. Characterization of the materials. There are materials of the study of more than 200 000 Ixodid ticks of 4 species and their rate of infection by different pathogens with zooparasitological, epidemiological, virological, microbiological, molecular-biological standard and modified to the goals and tasks of the study. Most abundance and dangerous species is Ixodes persulcatus P.Sch. ticks, that is widespread in region investigated. The agents of known vector-borne infections in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia are tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afze- lii, Rickettsia sibirica, R. sp. DnS14 group.C целью выявления видов иксодовых клещей, имеющих эпидемическое значение на территории Восточной Сибири и Мон- голии, и возбудителей инфекций, передающихся человеку через их укусы, были исследованы эколого-эпидемиологические и ге- нетические характеристики основных переносчиков клещевых инфекций и связанных с ними возбудителей болезней человека. В статье приведены материалы изучения более 200 тыс. экземпляров иксодовых клещей четырех видов, исследован- ных при помощи общепринятых зоопаразитологических, эпидемиологических, вирусологических, микробиологических, молекулярно-биологических и модифицированных применительно к целям и задачам исследования методов. Наиболее массовым и опасным видом является таежный клещ Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch., широко распространенный в регионе. Эпидемиологическое значение имеют также клещи видов Dermacentor nuttalli Ol., Dermacentor silvarum Ol., Hae- maphysalis concinna Koch. Возбудителями трансмиссивных инфекций в Восточной Сибири и Монголии являются вирус КЭ, боррелии, риккетсии, возможно, эрлихии и другие патогены

Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300-2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380-975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups

Insights into the evolution of mammalian telomerase: Platypus TERT shares similarities with genes of birds and other reptiles and localizes on sex chromosomes

Background The TERT gene encodes the catalytic subunit of the telomerase complex and is responsible for maintaining telomere length. Vertebrate telomerase has been studied in eutherian mammals, fish, and the chicken, but less attention has been paid to other vertebrates. The platypus occupies an important evolutionary position, providing unique insight into the evolution of mammalian genes. We report the cloning of a platypus TERT (OanTERT) ortholog, and provide a comparison with genes of other vertebrates. Results The OanTERT encodes a protein with a high sequence similarity to marsupial TERT and avian TERT. Like the TERT of sauropsids and marsupials, as well as that of sharks and echinoderms, OanTERT contains extended variable linkers in the N-terminal region suggesting that they were present already in basal vertebrates and lost independently in rayfinned fish and eutherian mammals. Several alternatively spliced OanTERT variants structurally similar to avian TERT variants were identified. Telomerase activity is expressed in all platypus tissues like that of cold-blooded animals and murine rodents. OanTERT was localized on pseudoautosomal regions of sex chromosomes X3/Y2, expanding the homology between human chromosome 5 and platypus sex chromosomes. Synteny analysis suggests that TERT co-localized with sex-linked genes in the last common mammalian ancestor. Interestingly, female platypuses express higher levels of telomerase in heart and liver tissues than do males. Conclusions OanTERT shares many features with TERT of the reptilian outgroup, suggesting that OanTERT represents the ancestral mammalian TERT. Features specific to TERT of eutherian mammals have, therefore, evolved more recently after the divergence of monotremes.Radmila Hrdličková, Jiří Nehyba, Shu Ly Lim, Frank Grützner, Henry R Bose J

Results of the study on measurements of heavy metals concentrations in organs and tissues of livestock grazing on pastures around mining industry in gobi zone

Level of the heavy metals was measured in tissue and blood samples from 19 cattle, 20 horse, 38 camel, 89 sheep and 102 goats in several mining areas such as Ulaanbadrakh soum (uranium mining) and Airag soum (spar mining) of Dornogovi province. In addition, level of the lead in the liver of sheep and goat samples from Zuunbayan soum of Dornogovi province was bit higher than same samples from other sampling areas. In the result, level of the copper was 814 ppm in the liver samples of sheep, 734 ppm in the liver samples of goat and they were and 2.5-4.0 fold higher than international permissible value. On the other hand, level of the cadmium was 352,789±122,64 mg/kg in kidney samples of horse, indicating that amount of these heavy metals were enough high to have toxicities in animals. Except for these results, level of heavy metals was not higher than international permissible value in plant and soil samples.&#x0D; Говийн бүсийн уул уурхайн хайгуул олборлолтын бүс орчимд бэлчээрлэж буй малын эд, эрхтэн дэх хүнд металлын агууламжийг тодорхойлсон судалгааны дүнгээс&#x0D; Хураангуй: Дорноговь аймгийн Улаанбадрах, Зүүнбаян сумын нутаг дэвсгэрт ураны хайгуул, туршилтын олборлолт явуулж буй бүс нутаг, Айраг сумын жоншны уурхайн олборлолтын бүс нутаг орчим бэлчээрлэж буй 89 хонь, 102 ямаа, 19 үхэр, 38 тэмээ, 20 адууны эд эрхтэн болон цусанд хүнд металлын (хар тугалга, зэс, кадми) агууламжийг тодорхойлов. Хар тугалга нь тархи болон бөөрийг маш хүндээр гэмтээдэг, ясыг зөөлрүүлдэг, төдийгүй хордолт нь үхэлд хүргэх аюултай бодис билээ. Маш удаан хугацаагаар энэ бодист өртөгдсөн хүүхэд төдийгүй томчуудын мэдрэлийн системийг гэмтээдэг, бага багаар хуримтлагдсаар хордлого үүсгэх, хүний мэдрэлийн эрхтэнд муугаар нөлөөлөх талтай. Хар тугалга нь хүний биед нөлөөлөх байдлаараа хортой бодисын ангилалд ордоггүй. Хөнөөлт бодист тооцогдоно. Иймд мал амьтны эд эрхтэнд агуулагдаж буй хар тугалга болон зэсийн агууламжийг дахин нарийнсудлах шаардлагатай байна.&#x0D; Түлхүүр үг: Хар тугалга, зэс, Индукцэн холбоост плазм масс спектрометр.</jats:p

Porous Properties of Silica Prepared by Selective Acid Leaching of Heat-Treated Vermiculite

The porous properties of silica prepared from heat-treated Transvaal vermiculite (South Africa) by acid leaching were determined. The effect of temperature on the destruction of the crystal structure of the vermiculite was determined, leading to the adoption of heating conditions of 600 o C for 2 h which produce a fully amorphous sample. The heat-treated samples were leached with 2M hydrochloric acid at 80 o C for 0.5, 2 and 8 h and their porous properties were characterized by measuring their specific surface areas and pore volumes. The highest surface area and pore volume (559 m2/g and 0.51 ml/g) was obtained for the sample leached for 8 h. Thermal amorphisation of vermiculite exerts a negative influence on the porous properties of the mineral

Trends and Outcomes of Traditional Medicine Treatments for Arterial Hypertension and Rheumatic Diseases in Mongolia (2021-2023)

We analyzed morbidity, mortality, and inpatient data from 2021 to 2023, obtained from the Center for Health Development in Mongolia.Background:  This study analyzes morbidity, mortality, and inpatient data from Mongolian Traditional Medicine Departments (MTMDs) for the years 2021-2023, focusing on patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension (ICD-10 I10) and rheumatoid arthritis (ICD-10 M05), corresponding to traditional diagnoses of "wind and blood ascending disorder" and "rheumatic diseases," respectively.Methods: Data were collected from the Center for Health Development Mongolia, encompassing 1,398 cases of "wind and blood ascending disorder" and 175 cases of "rheumatic diseases." Variables analyzed included patient demographics, hospitalization duration, and disease status.Results:1. From 2021 to 2023, cases decreased annually (823 in 2021, 404 in 2022, and 171 in 2023). Ulaanbaatar and Zavkhan had the highest prevalence rates (1.5%), while Orkhon had the lowest (0.1%). Admissions peaked in winter and decreased in spring, with significant monthly variations (p<0.05). Most patients (73.2%) were treated in private hospitals, with a mean hospital stay of 7.07±1.73 days. Cases varied across the years (95 in 2021, 34 in 2022, and 46 in 2023). Ulaanbaatar accounted for the majority of hospitalizations (82.1% in 2021, 64.7% in 2022, 30.4% in 2023). Mean hospital stay was 7.3±1.29 days, with significant regional differences (p<0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of "wind and blood ascending disorder" has declined, while admissions to MTMDs have increased. "Rheumatic diseases" showed a variable pattern, with significant regional and temporal differences in hospitalization rates and durations. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes of these trends and optimize treatment protocols