Hepatic fat content and bone mineral density in children with overweight/obesity

Objectives: To examine the influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic fat content on bone mineral density (BMD), and to investigate whether the relationship between NAFLD and BMD is independent of lifestyle factors related to BMD. Methods: Hepatic fat content (magnetic resonance imaging), BMD, lean mass index, total and abdominal fat mass (dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (accelerometry), and calcium and vitamin D intake (two 24 h recalls) were measured in 115 children with overweight/obesity aged 10.6 +/- 1.1 years old. Result: Children with NAFLD had lower BMD than children without NAFLD regardless of sex, puberty stage, lean mass index, fat mass, MVPA, and calcium and vitamin D intake (0.89 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.01 g/cm(2) for NAFLD and non-NAFLD, respectively, P < 0.01). Higher hepatic fat content was significantly associated with lower BMD regardless of confounders (adjusted P < 0.05). Conclusions: Findings of the current study suggest that hepatic fat accumulation is associated with decreased BMD independently of adiposity, and regardless of those lifestyle factors closely related to bone mineral accrual in children. These results may have implication in the clinical management of children with overweight/obesity given the high prevalence of pediatric NAFLD.The current project was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Industry and Competitiveness (DEP2016-78377-R), by "Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER), Una manera de hacer Europa", and by the University of the Basque Country (GIU14/21). This work was also supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2010-05957; RYC-2011-09011), Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU14/03329), and by the Education, Linguistic Policy and Culture Department of the Government of the Basque Country (PRE_2016_1_0057), and also by "Programa de Captacion de Talento - UGR Fellows" as part of "Plan Propio" of the University of Granada (Spain)

Comparative study on growth performance between Vietnam koi and Thai koi in mini ponds

An experiment was carried out to determine the comparative growth study of Vietnam koi (Anabus testudineus) and Thai koi (Anabus testudineus) for a period of 90 days in eight experimental ponds in the northern side of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Four treatments were considered having two replicates. For Vietnam koi treatments were named VT1 and VT2 and for Thai koi were TT1 and TT2. All the fish were of same age group having mean body weight of 0.30 g. Feeding frequency in all the treatments were two times a day. Fish were fed quality fish feed at a rate of 60% of their body weight for the first thirty days that was gradually reduced to 25% for the next thirty days and 10% till the termination of the experiment. The mean value of water temperature were 29.78 in VT1, 30.42 in VT2, 30.50 in TT1 and 29.99°C in TT2, dissolved oxygen were 7.21, 7.42 , 7.14 and 7.34 mg/l in VT1, VT2, TT1 and TT2, respectively, mean pH values were 7.42 in VT1, 7.29 in VT2, 7.50 in TT1 and 7.45 in TT2, ammonia were 0.21, 0.24, 0.28 and 0.23 mg/l in VT1, VT2, TT1 and TT2 , respectively and alkalinity were 200.00, 205.00, 210.00 and 205.00 ppm in VT1, VT2, TT1 and TT2 , respectively. The result of the present study showed that the best weight gain of 80.00 g was observed in VT1 after 90 days of culture period. Average weight gain (g) were 0.83, 0.88, 0.51 and 0.61; SGR (per day) were 3.93, 3.95, 3.65 and 3.71%; FCR were 1.50, 1.67, 1.70 and 1.90; survival rate were 78.50, 76.50, 90.00 and 82.00% and fish production were 7,839, 15,923, 5,519 and 11,820 kg/ha/3 months in VT1, VT2, TT1 and TT2, respectively. Growth of both the species was higher in lower stocking densities, whereas, production was increased in higher stocking densities. The present research findings suggested that Vietnam koi has high growth potential in comparison to Thai koi under mini pond culture condition