High-energy blunt pelvic ring injury

Table 1: Patients’ demographic and injury characteristicsTable 2: Pelvic ring injuries type A, B & C and concomitant injurie

High-energy blunt pelvic ring injury

Table 1: Patients’ demographic and injury characteristicsTable 2: Pelvic ring injuries type A, B & C and concomitant injuriesTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

High-energy blunt pelvic ring injury

Table 1: Patients’ demographic and injury characteristicsTable 2: Pelvic ring injuries type A, B & C and concomitant injuriesTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Lysozyme inhibitors enhance immune response in mice

The effect of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) inhibitors (such as heparin, histidine methylester, chitotriose, chitobiose) on immune response was evaluated by measuring antibody-producing cells and circulating antibodies in mice inoculated with these substances and the test antigen (SRBC or BSA). It was found that these compounds have an immuno-enhancing effect which is directly proportional to their inhibitory activity on HEWL. Conversely, HEWL inhibited the immuno-enhancing effect of these compounds when injected together with these and the test antigen. The results suggest that one possible mechanism by which adjuvants stimulate immune response may be the inhibition of endogenous lysozyme

Staphylococcal endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibits response of human lymphocytes to mitogens and interferes with production of antibodies in mice.

The effect of a bacteriolytic enzyme, the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase excreted by Staphylococcus aureus (SaG) on the response of human lymphocytes to mitogens and on the immune response in mice has been studied. SaG inhibited incorporation of [3H]thymidine into TCA-precipitable material by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated either by phytohemagglutinin or by concanavalin A, as well as formation of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-containing cells by B lymphocytes treated with pokeweed mitogen. In all cases the level of inhibition first increased with the SaG concentrations reaching values of over 80% at an enzyme concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, and then decreased. Heat-inactivated SaG as well as SaG treated with both polyclonal and monoclonal specific antibodies or enzyme inhibitors such as chitotriose or hydrolyzed peptidoglycan had no effect on lymphocyte response to mitogens. In mice, SaG at a dose of 300 micrograms per mouse was found to cause a fourfold decrease in the anti-BSA antibody titer and an approximately 70-75% reduction in the immunoglobulin-containing cells in the spleens of mice injected with sheep red blood cells. SaG also completely abolished the enhancing effect of adjuvants such as muramyldipeptide, Freund's complete adjuvant, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. When SaG was injected into mice together with S. aureus peptidoglycan hydrolyzed either by SaG or by human lysozyme, the inhibitory effect on both production of anti-BSA circulating antibodies and appearance of Igc cells in the spleens of mice injected with sheep red blood cells was enhanced. As we know that (a) human tissues contain endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases; (b) other human hexosaminidases (lysozymes) have previously been shown to interfere with the functions of immunocompetent cells; and (c) products of hexosaminidase hydrolysis of peptidoglycan (muropeptides) known to modulate immune response are ordinarily found in the urine of healthy persons, the possibility that hexosaminidases play a major role in the regulation of the immune response is raised and discussed

Comparative affinities for penicillin-binding proteins of multipolar ionic amphoteric cephalosporins in Gram-negative bacteria

Chemical modification of the highly reactive 7-aminocephalosporanic acid has yielded many compounds with improved activities and expanded clinical spectra. Introduction of an alpha-oxyimino group in C-7 position has given rise to improved activity against Gram-negative bacteria as a consequence of the high affinity of compounds carrying this substituent for the essential penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3. The spectrum of activity of oxyimino cephalosporins has been further expanded by introduction of substituents with a quaternary nitrogen in C-3 position. These compounds have maintained their high affinity for the essential PBP 3, typical of the third generation cephalosporins and have acquired an improved ability to cross the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Among these compounds cefepime also among cephalosporins. exhibits high affinity for PBP 2, a very unusual property among cephalosporins