Viral and bacterial pathogen isolated and identified from pneumonic calves in region of diyarbakir and its treatment with tulathromycin

We tested the field efficacy of a new antibiotic tulathromycin in the treatment of naturally occuring bovine respiratory disease beef calves with rectal temperatures greater than 39.5°C and signs compatible bovine respiratory disease were entered into the trial. This study was performed on 30 mixed breed beef calves with bronchopneumoma, 8-10 months old. Bacteriological and serological examinations were performed in nasal swabs and blood samples collected from beef calves. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Coagulase (+) Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. were isolated from bacteriological examinations of bronchoalveolar lavage. Serum samples were tested serologically for antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine adenovirus and Bovine viral diarrhea viruses. All samples were positive for antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine adenovirus and Bovine viral diarrhea viruses. Calves were assigned to receive tulathromycin (2.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight, subcutaneously). Clinical measures of efficacy included mortality, rectal temperatures, pulsation, respiratory rate, assesment of treatment succes or failure and number of relapses. Four calves relapses and needed second enjection. No significant adverse reactions were noticed with tulathromycin. After the treatment, all the calves were cured. Results indicate that Tulathromycin administration was found to be effective in the treatment of bovine respiratoy diseases (especially, in bacterial infections) of beef calves m region of Diyarbakir. © Medwell Journals, 2009

The Effect of Progestagen on the Changes of the Vaginal Flora Arising from Intravaginal Sponge Treatment and Susceptibility of the Vaginal Flora to Antibiotics in Ewes

The aim of this study, was to investigate the effect of progestagen on the changes of the vaginal bacterial flora with sponge treatment. Progestagen impregnated sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate). were inserted ewes (Group I, n = 12) for 12 days and, sponge without progeitagen (blank sponge), served as control groups (Group II, n = 12), were inserted ewes for 12 days during the non-breeding season. Vaginal bacterial counts were evaluated on the vaginal flora samples obtained before the introduction of the sponges, at sponge withdrawal and after 48 h from withdrawal of sponge. The mean value for the colony forming units (x 10(3) mL(-1)) were 6.1 and 4.5 on the day of intravaginal sponge insertion and increased to 113.5 and 139.8 at sponge withdrawal (p<0.05), decreased 7.9 and 43.3 after 48 h withdrawal of sponge in Group I and II, respectively (p<0.05). The changes of the vaginal bacterial flora were not different statistically at the time of sponge withdrawal in progestagen and non-progestagen sponge groups. Although, there were not differences between at the time of sponge introduction and withdrawal of sponge in 2 groups, it was found a difference after 48 h removal of sponges with progestagen and without progestagen treatments groups (P<0.05). Amoxicillin/Clavunate, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 1/19 and Tetracycline were more resistance than the other antibiotics according to results of the antibiotic susceptibility test. Intravaginal sponge treatments increased bacterial counts, but this increase returned normal values at probable estrous time in progestagen impregnated sponge treatment. Number of vaginal bacteria did not return normal values in the non-progestagen sponge treatment group after 48 h removal of sponge, because of ewes in this group naturally could not come into estrus. In this study, it was concluded that progesterone did not affect the number of bacterial counts in the vaginal flora except for changes caused by intravaginal sponge treatment

Isolation and determination of antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species isolated from animal faeces in the Diyarbakir region of Turkey using the 16S rDNA-RFLP method

In this study, the presence of Arcobacter spp. was investigated in the faeces of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and cloacal swab samples of chickens using the 16S rDNA-RFLP method. The prevalence of Arcobacter in these species was found to be 13%, 12%, 16%, 4% and 33%, respectively. On the other hand, Arcobacter spp. could not be isolated from rabbit faeces. A total of 78 (13%) Arcobacter spp. isolates were obtained from the 500 faecal samples and 100 cloacal swab samples examined in this study. From these 78 Arcobacter isolates, 24 (30.8%), 20 (25.6%), 11 (14.1%), 8 (10.7%), 4 (5.1%), 3 (3.9%) and 2 (2.6%) were identified by 16S rDNA-RLFP as A. cryaerophilus, A. butz-leri, A. skirrowii, A. cloacae, A. cibarius, A. halophilus, and A. nitrofigilis, respectively. All A. cryaerophilus (n = 24) isolates were found to be resistant to cloxacillin; all A. butzleri (n = 20) and A. skirrowii isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin/novobiocin, cefoperazone, tetracycline and cloxacillin. It was determined in this study that clinically healthy cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and chickens are reservoirs of Arcobacter spp