Green tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide: derivatisation, reduction efficiency, reduction mechanism and cytotoxicity

This paper reports on the derivatisation, reduction efficiency, reduction mechanism and cytotoxicity of green tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide (GTP-RGO). The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 90°C using a weight ratio (WR) of GTP/GO=1 resulted in the production of a stable GTP-RGO dispersion in aqueous media, as indicated by the results of ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the measurement of zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. In addition, the results from UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated the comparable reduction ability of GTP relative to the standard reducing agent, hydrazine (N2H4). The removal mechanism of epoxy group from GO via reduction reaction with GTP was investigated by implementing hybrid functional method of Becke-3-parameters-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)using Gaussian 09 software. The energy and frequency calculations showed that the GO reduction using GTP was more spontaneous and relatively took place faster than the reduction using N2H4, as evidenced by higher entropy change (ΔS) (0.039 kcal/mol·K) and lower Gibbs free energy (ΔG) barrier (58.880 kcal/mol).The cytotoxicities of GO and GTP-RGO samples were evaluated against human colonic fibroblasts cells (CCD-18Co). The GO sample was determined to be toxic even at low concentration (6.25 μg/mL), while the GTP-RGO sample possesses notably low toxicity at the same concentration. The cell culture experiments revealed that the incorporation of GTP led to a decrease in the toxicity of GTP-RGO samples

Worldsheet Realization of the Refined Topological String

A worldsheet realization of the refined topological string is proposed in terms of physical string amplitudes that compute generalized N=2 F-terms of the form F_{g,n} W^{2g}Y^{2n} in the effective supergravity action. These terms involve the chiral Weyl superfield W and a superfield Y defined as an N=2 chiral projection of a particular anti-chiral T-bar vector multiplet. In Heterotic and Type I theories, obtained upon compactification on the six-dimensional manifold K3xT2, T is the usual K\"ahler modulus of the T2 torus. These amplitudes are computed exactly at the one-loop level in string theory. They are shown to reproduce the correct perturbative part of the Nekrasov partition function in the field theory limit when expanded around an SU(2) enhancement point of the string moduli space. The two deformation parameters epsilon_- and epsilon_+ of the Omega-supergravity background are then identified with the constant field-strength backgrounds for the anti-self-dual graviphoton and self-dual gauge field of the T-bar vector multiplet, respectively.Comment: 35 pages, typos corrected, published in NP

The Pedagogy of Teaching English to Young Learners: Implications for Teacher Education

EYL (English for Young Learners) is a global phenomenon, and yet research is laden with reports suggesting teachers' difficulty in developing appropriate EYL pedagogy (e.g. Butler, 2015; Copland, Garton & Burns 2014; Emery, 2012; Garton, Copland & Burns, 2011; Le & Do, 2012; Zein, 2015, 2016a, 2016b). This chapter reports on a study that investigated the perspectives of twenty-six (26) teachers on the appropriate pedagogy needed to teach in the EYL classroom. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrate that in the EYL classroom larger emphasis needs to be given to the young learners rather than the language. The findings show that developing a child-friendly pedagogy in the EYL classroom is of vital importance; it is at the core of EYL pedagogy. This brings implications for TESOL teacher education at pre-service and in-service levels in the sense that TESOL teacher educators need to design courses aimed to foster child-friendly pedagogy. The chapter specifically argues for TESOL teacher education to make stronger emphasis on child individual differences (IDs). This is necessary in order to equip teachers with appropriate working knowledge in second language acquisition (SLA) that is prerequisite to the development of EYL teaching expertise

Analisis D-loop DNA Mitokondria Untuk Memposisikan Ayam Hutan Merah Dalam Domestikasi Ayam Di Indonesia

The current poultry is a domesticated chickens used for both meat and egg production. Pedigree investigation is an important part to understand the process of chicken domestication in Indonesia. Molecular DNA approach using D-loop Mitochondrial DNA marker (hypervariable 1 segment) was used in this analysis. The objective of the study was to construct the pedigree analysis of Indonesian chicken. Four hundreds and eighty four (434) samples belonging to 15 breeds of Indonesian local chicken (Cemani, Kedu, Kedu Putih, Pelung, Sentul, Wareng, Merawang, Kapas, Kate, Arab Silver, Arab Gold, Gaok, Nunukan, Kalosi and Tolaki) and 9 samples of Red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus gallus) were extracted, PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced. Four sequence references from GeneBank, Gallus gallus (NCBI, accession number AB0986688). G. gallus (GenBank accession number AB098668), G. gallus spadiceus (GenBank accession number AB007721), and G. gallus bankiva (GenBank accession number AB007718) were included in this analysis. The sequences of the first 397 nucleotides were used for analysis. The results show that 72 haplotypes were identified from 56 polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Indonesian chicken have a close relationship with 2 subspecies of Gallus gallus (G. gallus gallus and G. gallus spadiceus). Our results suggest that D-loop region is highly variable in Indonesian chicken with large number of haplotypes

Local Self-Energy Approach For Electronic Structure Calculations

Using a novel self-consistent implementation of Hedin's GW perturbation theory we calculate space and energy dependent self-energy for a number of materials. We find it to be local in real space and rapidly convergent on second-- to third-- nearest neighbors. Corrections beyond GW are evaluated and shown to be completely localized within a single unit cell. This can be viewed as a fully self consistent implementation of the dynamical mean field theory for electronic structure calculations of real solids using a perturbative impurity solver.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Peran Program Rojhek Cingur Radio Nada Fm dalam Melestarikan Budaya Lokal di Sumenep Madura

The Rojhek Cingur program was one of the Nada FM radio broadcast programs produced and broadcasted for the first time in 2016. The program discussed the values ​​and local culture of Madura delivered by the people, which was then combined with the news of cultural issues developing across the people. This research used descriptive qualitative type. The main informant of the study were the broadcaster of the Rojhek Cingur program and the Nada FM radio station manager. The data collection technique of this research was carried out by interview, documentation and observation. While the data analysis technique consisted of data collection, data reduction and data presentation. The data validation used data triangulation. The result showed that the Rojhek Cingur program was one of the Nada FM radio programs discussed cultural values. The role of Rojhek Cingur Nada FM radio program were (1) Rojhek Cingur was a rehabilitation of Madura culture, (2) Rojhek Cingur was an education and cultural socialization, and (3) Rojhek Cingur was an unifying media. The pattern of communication between broadcaster and Rojhek Cingur program listeners were (1) Two-way communication patterns (two way traffic communicatios), and (2) Multi-directional communication patterns.   Keywords: Mass Communication, Rujak Cingur program, Local Culture

Kajian Gen Amely Gajah Sumatra (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus)

Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is endemic of Asian elephants in Indonesia, an endangered animal andlisted on Appendix I of CITES. Therefore, information on the status and distribution of the population of Sumatranelephants, including the distribution of genetic diversity is necessary to facilitate the development of adequate conservationand management strategies. The purpose of this research was to use Amely gene to trace paternal lineage of Sumatranelephants based on Y chromosome variation. A total of 22 blood samples of male Sumatran elephants were collected inSumatra (Way Kambas , Seblat, Bentayan, Sugihan, dan Bukit Serelo Lahat). We amplified intronic regions of the Ylinkedgene (Amely) using published primer sequences (Amely-R2 and Amely-F2) and sequenced. Sequences generatedfrom this study, aligned with reference sequences available in the GenBank, namely Elephas maximus (AY823325.1),Loxodonta Africana (AY 823320.1; AY 823321.1), Loxodonta cyclotis (AY823322.1; AY8233223.1, AY 823324.1).Neighbour Joining tree of Sumatran elephants was performed using MEGA version 5.2.2. The analysis results of 22-maleSumatran elephants, indicating that no diversity (no variation) of the Y chromosome obtained among the population ofSumatran elephants. Sumatran and Asian elephants have the same haplotypes. Further results confirmed that the savannaelephants (Loxodonta africana ) and the forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis ) formed two (2) separate clades, which showstwo different species. Results obtained in this study may help to design future conservation programs for the species

Aspects of topology of condensates and knotted solitons in condensed matter systems

The knotted solitons introduced by Faddeev and Niemi is presently a subject of great interest in particle and mathematical physics. In this paper we give a condensed matter interpretation of the recent results of Faddeev and Niemi.Comment: v2: Added a reference to the paper E. Babaev, L.D. Faddeev and A.J. Niemi cond-mat/0106152 where an exact equivalence was shown between the two-condensate Ginzburg-Landau model and a version of Faddeev model. Miscelaneous links related to knotted solitons are available at the author homepage at http://www.teorfys.uu.se/PEOPLE/egor/ . Animations of knotted solitons by Hietarinta and Salo are available at http://users.utu.fi/h/hietarin/knots/c45_p2.mp

Linear Response Calculations of Lattice Dynamics in Strongly Correlated Systems

We introduce a new linear response method to study the lattice dynamics of materials with strong correlations. It is based on a combination of dynamical mean field theory of strongly correlated electrons and the local density functional theory of electronic structure of solids. We apply the method to study the phonon dispersions of a prototype Mott insulator NiO. Our results show overall much better agreement with experiment than the corresponding local density predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure