Design and Fabrication of an Electrically Small Meander Line MIMO Antenna System for Wireless Communication Applications

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique has been considered one of the most promising technologies to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems with high-speed transmission rates. A MIMO system utilizing several antenna components is more advantageous than a single-input single-output (SISO) system in terms of increasing channel capacity and reducing transmitting power. Conventional universal serial bus (USB) dongles are attractive for providing plug and- play functionality in mobile communication devices such as laptops. Future wireless USB dongles should be capable of accommodating higher data rates than the current systems owing to the advent of various multimedia services. Up to date, most MIMO antenna systems with more than two antennas are three-dimensional rather than planar. However, the basic problem with the MIMO systems is the requirement of electrically small antennas which usually have several constraints. Hence, these antennas are considered in our project work. In this work the design, optimization, fabrication & testing of electrically small antennas suitable for MIMO (multiple input multiple output) applications are presented. When the transceiver uses more than one antenna, the antennas must be placed at least half of the carrier wavelength apart, in order to transmit/receive uncorrelated signals. We propose an electrically small antenna (ESA) that is based on the meander line antenna structure that operates in the 2.4-2.7 GHz ISM band. The proposed antenna has measured center frequency of 2.50 GHz with 240 MHz bandwidth and total size of antenna is 14.5X26.6 mm. In addition, we present the design of a compact dual element MIMO antenna system for a USB dongle operating in the 2.5-2.7 GHz frequency band. Thedesigned MIMO antenna has the compact size of 26.0 mm×32.0 mm, more than 200 MHz bandwidth.Both simulation and experiment results from the fabricated antennas are presented

Analyzing electroencephalogram signals with machine learning to comprehend online learning media

In E-learning, evaluating students' comprehension of lecture video content is significant. The surge in online platform usage due to the pandemic has been remarkable, but the pressing issue is that learning outcomes still need to match the growth. Addressing this, a scientific system that gauges the comprehensibility of lecture videos becomes crucial for the effective design of future courses. This research paper is based on a cognitive approach utilizing EEG signals to determine student's level of comprehension. The study involves the design, evaluation, and comparison of multiple machines learning models, aiming to contribute to developing an efficient learning system. Fifteen distinct machine learning (ML) classifiers were implemented, among them AdaBoost (ADA), gradient boosting (GBC), extreme gradient boosting (XGboost), extra trees (ET), random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (light gum), and decision tree (DT) algorithms standouts. The DT exhibited exceptional performance across metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, F1 score, Kappa, precision, and matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). It achieved nearly 1.0 in these metrics while taking a short training time of only 1.7 seconds. This reveals its potential as an efficient classifier for electroencephalography (EEG) datasets and highlights its viability for practical implementation

CD44 modulates Smad1 activation in the BMP-7 signaling pathway

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) regulates cellular metabolism in embryonic and adult tissues. Signal transduction occurs through the activation of intracellular Smad proteins. In this paper, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, Smad1 was found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of CD44, a receptor for the extracellular matrix macromolecule hyaluronan. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction of Smad1 with full-length CD44—interactions that did not occur when CD44 receptors truncated within the cytoplasmic domain were tested. Chondrocytes overexpressing a truncated CD44 on a background of endogenous full-length CD44 no longer exhibited Smad1 nuclear translocation upon BMP-7 stimulation. Further, pretreatment of chondrocytes with Streptomyces hyaluronidase to disrupt extracellular hyaluronan–cell interactions inhibited BMP-7–mediated Smad1 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of Smad1 or Smad4, and SBE4–luciferase reporter activation. These results support a functional link between the BMP signaling cascade and CD44. Thus, changes in hyaluronan–cell interactions may serve as a means to modulate cellular responsiveness to BMP

CD62L expression marks a functionally distinct subset of memory B cells

The memory B cell response consists of phenotypically distinct subsets that differ in their ability to respond upon antigen re-encounter. However, the pathways regulating the development and function of memory B cell subsets are poorly understood. Here, we show that CD62L and CD44 are progressively expressed on mouse memory B cells and identify transcriptionally and functionally distinct memory B cell subsets. Bcl6 is important in regulating memory B cell subset differentiation with overexpression of Bcl6 resulting in impaired CD62

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SLOT LOADED RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique has been considered one of the most promising technologies to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems with high-speed transmission rates. A MIMO system utilizing several antenna components is more advantageous than a single-input single-output (SISO) system in terms of increasing channel capacity and reducing transmitting power. Conventional universal serial bus (USB) dongles are attractive for providing plug and- play functionality in mobile communication devices such as laptops. Future wireless USB dongles should be capable of accommodating higher data rates than the current systems owing to the advent of various multimedia services. Up to date, most MIMO antenna systems with more than two antennas are three-dimensional rather than planar. However, the basic problem with the MIMO systems is the requirement of electrically small antennas which usually have several constraints. Hence, these antennas are considered in our project work

In vitro Studies on Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus from Prosopis juliflora, Cassia occidentalis and Tephrosia purpurea

Background:The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antibiotics is linked to their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial-resistant determinants in nature. This study determined the antibiotic sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of mastitic and healthy dairy cattle. Isolation and Identification of S. aureus was done by Marphological and Biochemical characters.Methods:The primary purpose of this study was to determine Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus by using extracts of Prosopis juliflora, Cassia occidentalis and Tephrosia purpurea. Antimicrobial properties of plant extracts were analyzed by determining Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Antibiogram pattern of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was observed to be Susceptible, Intermediate and Slight resistant by Prosopis juliflora, Tephrosia purpurea and Cassia occidentalis respectively.Result:From the results, it has been indicated that the extracts of Tephrosia purpurea, Prosopis juliflora and Cassia occidentalis are having potential to use in the management of Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion:Further phytochemical analysis is required to identify the active components of plant extracts showing antimicrobial activity.</jats:sec

“PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USE OF FIBRIN GLUE VS. TACKERS AS METHOD OF MESH FIXATION IN LAPAROSCOPIC TRANSABDOMINAL PRE-PERITONEAL (TAPP) HERNIA REPAIR”

BACKGROUND: Fixation of mesh in pre-peritoneal space is an important step in laparoscopic TAPP hernia repair. Mesh dislocation is one of the most frequent causes responsible for recurrence. Of the many factors inuencing postoperative pain, the technique of xation has been reported to be one of the most signicant determinants. So mesh xation with adhesives instead of mechanical devices has been proposed as a mean to reduce the incidence of postoperative pain. AIM: To compare clinical outcome and morbidity of xation of mesh using brin glue and tackers in trans-abdominal pre-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair METHODOLOGY: We did a prospective randomized comparative study in which we enrolled 50 patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair (TAPP). Those who met our inclusion criteria were randomized for study purpose after obtaining informed consent, in 25 patients mesh xed with tackers (group A) and in other 25 patients mesh xed with brin glue (group B). Patients were compared for intraoperative time required for mesh xation, early and late postoperative pain, time required to resume normal daily physical activity, length of hospital stay, hernia recurrence and seroma formation. Postoperative follow up was done up to six months. RESULTS: Two groups were comparable in terms of demographic variables. We observed that postoperative pain, time required resuming normal daily activity and incidence of seroma formation was less in group B (Mesh xed with glue). There was no signicant difference in length of hospital stay in both groups and no evidence of hernia recurrence in both groups during follow up period. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that xation of mesh with brin glue when compared with tackers, seems to reduce postoperative pain, time to resume daily activities and incidence of seroma formation with no difference in length of hospital stay, early hernia recurrence with longer operative time.</jats:p

Protein-protein interactions on membrane surfaces analysed using pull-downs with supported bilayers on silica beads

AbstractDiscovery-based proteomics workflows that identify novel interactors rely on immunoprecipitations or pull-downs with genetically-tagged bait proteins immobilized on appropriate matrices. But strategies to analyse protein interactions on a diffusible membrane surface combined with the practical ease of pull-downs remain unavailable. Such strategies are important to analyse protein complexes that mature in composition and stability because of diffusion-based encounter between participant proteins. Here, we describe a generic pull-down strategy to analyse such complexes using chelating lipid-containing supported bilayers formed on silica beads. These templates can display desired His-tagged bait proteins on a diffusible membrane surface. Using clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a paradigm, we find that the clathrin-binding adaptor protein epsin1 displayed as bait on these templates pulls down significantly higher amounts of clathrin from brain lysates than when immobilized on conventional matrices. Together, our results establish the potential of such templates as superior matrices for analysing protein-protein interactions and resultant complexes formed on membrane surfaces.</jats:p