On the average uncertainty for systems with nonlinear coupling

The increased uncertainty and complexity of nonlinear systems have motivated investigators to consider generalized approaches to defining an entropy function. New insights are achieved by defining the average uncertainty in the probability domain as a transformation of entropy functions. The Shannon entropy when transformed to the probability domain is the weighted geometric mean of the probabilities. For the exponential and Gaussian distributions, we show that the weighted geometric mean of the distribution is equal to the density of the distribution at the location plus the scale, i.e. at the width of the distribution. The average uncertainty is generalized via the weighted generalized mean, in which the moment is a function of the nonlinear source. Both the Renyi and Tsallis entropies transform to this definition of the generalized average uncertainty in the probability domain. For the generalized Pareto and Student's t-distributions, which are the maximum entropy distributions for these generalized entropies, the appropriate weighted generalized mean also equals the density of the distribution at the location plus scale. A coupled entropy function is proposed, which is equal to the normalized Tsallis entropy divided by one plus the coupling.Comment: 24 pages, including 4 figures and 1 tabl

Use of the geometric mean as a statistic for the scale of the coupled Gaussian distributions

The geometric mean is shown to be an appropriate statistic for the scale of a heavy-tailed coupled Gaussian distribution or equivalently the Student's t distribution. The coupled Gaussian is a member of a family of distributions parameterized by the nonlinear statistical coupling which is the reciprocal of the degree of freedom and is proportional to fluctuations in the inverse scale of the Gaussian. Existing estimators of the scale of the coupled Gaussian have relied on estimates of the full distribution, and they suffer from problems related to outliers in heavy-tailed distributions. In this paper, the scale of a coupled Gaussian is proven to be equal to the product of the generalized mean and the square root of the coupling. From our numerical computations of the scales of coupled Gaussians using the generalized mean of random samples, it is indicated that only samples from a Cauchy distribution (with coupling parameter one) form an unbiased estimate with diminishing variance for large samples. Nevertheless, we also prove that the scale is a function of the geometric mean, the coupling term and a harmonic number. Numerical experiments show that this estimator is unbiased with diminishing variance for large samples for a broad range of coupling values.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Complete Sequences of Organelle Genomes from the Medicinal Plant Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) and Contrasting Patterns of Mitochondrial Genome Evolution Across Asterids

Rhazya stricta is native to arid regions in South Asia and the Middle East and is used extensively in folk medicine to treat a wide range of diseases. In addition to generating genomic resources for this medicinally important plant, analyses of the complete plastid and mitochondrial genomes and a nuclear transcriptome from Rhazya provide insights into inter-compartmental transfers between genomes and the patterns of evolution among eight asterid mitochondrial genomes. Results: The 154,841 bp plastid genome is highly conserved with gene content and order identical to the ancestral organization of angiosperms. The 548,608 bp mitochondrial genome exhibits a number of phenomena including the presence of recombinogenic repeats that generate a multipartite organization, transferred DNA from the plastid and nuclear genomes, and bidirectional DNA transfers between the mitochondrion and the nucleus. The mitochondrial genes sdh3 and rps14 have been transferred to the nucleus and have acquired targeting presequences. In the case of rps14, two copies are present in the nucleus; only one has a mitochondrial targeting presequence and may be functional. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and mitochondrial copies of rps14 across angiosperms suggests Rhazya has experienced a single transfer of this gene to the nucleus, followed by a duplication event. Furthermore, the phylogenetic distribution of gene losses and the high level of sequence divergence in targeting presequences suggest multiple, independent transfers of both sdh3 and rps14 across asterids. Comparative analyses of mitochondrial genomes of eight sequenced asterids indicates a complicated evolutionary history in this large angiosperm clade with considerable diversity in genome organization and size, repeat, gene and intron content, and amount of foreign DNA from the plastid and nuclear genomes. Conclusions: Organelle genomes of Rhazya stricta provide valuable information for improving the understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution among angiosperms. The genomic data have enabled a rigorous examination of the gene transfer events. Rhazya is unique among the eight sequenced asterids in the types of events that have shaped the evolution of its mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, the organelle genomes of R. stricta provide valuable genomic resources for utilizing this important medicinal plant in biotechnology applications.King Abdulaziz UniversityIntegrative Biolog

Ультразвуковой контроль качества заготовок в условиях металлургического предприятия

Целью работы является изучение возможности использования неразрушающего контроля качества металлопродукции с помощью ультразвуковой установки в условиях современного металлургического предприятия. Использование эхо–импульсного метода для испытания заготовок сечением 150х150 мм позволяет достаточно хорошо выявлять дефекты типа шлаковых включений, усадочной раковины, внутренних трещин и разрывов, расслоений. Анализ результатов ультразвукового контроля позволяет оценить уровень технологии производства и качества проката, определить ряд технических и организационных мер, обеспечивающих конкурентоспособность продукции.Метою роботи є вивчення можливості використання неруйнівного контролю якості металопродукції за допомогою ультразвукової установки в умовах сучасного металургійного підприємства. Використано ехо–імпульсний метод для контролю якості заготовок перетином 150х150 мм, що дозволяє достатньо надійно виявляти дефекти типу шлакових включень, усадкової раковини, внутрішніх тріщин і розривів, розшарувань. Аналіз результатів ультразвукового контролю дозволяє оцінити рівень технології виробництва і якості прокату, визначити ряд технічних і організаційних заходів, що забезпечують конкурентоспроможність продукції.The work purpose of not destroying quality assurance application possibility studying of metal products by means of ultrasonic apparatus in the conditions of the modern metallurgical enterprise. Application of an echo-impulse method for test of billet with the section 150х150 mm allows to reveal well enough defects of slag inclusions type, a pipe, internal cracks and ruptures, stratifications. The analysis of results of the ultrasonic control allows to estimate a technological level of manufacture and quality of rolled metal, to define a number of the technical and organizational measures providing competitiveness of production

Endovascular Embolization by Transcatheter Delivery of Particles: Past, Present, and Future.

Minimally invasive techniques to occlude flow within blood vessels, initially pioneered in the 1970s with autologous materials and subsequently advanced with increasingly sophisticated engineered biomaterials, are routinely performed for a variety of medical conditions. Contemporary interventional radiologists have at their disposal a wide armamentarium of occlusive agents to treat a range of disease processes through a small incision in the skin. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on endovascular embolization tools, summarize the current state-of-the-art, and highlight burgeoning technologies that promise to advance the field in the near future

Equivariant Poincar\'e series of filtrations and topology

Earlier, for an action of a finite group $G$ on a germ of an analytic variety, an equivariant $G$-Poincar\'e series of a multi-index filtration in the ring of germs of functions on the variety was defined as an element of the Grothendieck ring of $G$-sets with an additional structure. We discuss to which extend the $G$-Poincar\'e series of a filtration defined by a set of curve or divisorial valuations on the ring of germs of analytic functions in two variables determines the (equivariant) topology of the curve or of the set of divisors

A new flat shell finite element for the linear analysis of thin shell structures

In this paper, a new rectangular flat shell element denoted ‘ACM_RSBE5’ is presented. The new element is obtained by superposition of the new strain-based membrane element ‘RSBE5’ and the well-known plate bending element ‘ACM’. The element can be used for the analysis of any type of thin shell structures, even if the geometry is irregular. Comparison with other types of shell elements is performed using a series of standard test problems. A correlation study with an experimentally tested aluminium shell is also conducted. The new shell element proved to have a fast rate of convergence and to provide accurate results

Kepatuhan Diet Pasien DM Berdasarkan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga di Wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya

Pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan diet bagi penderita diabetes mellitus. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk meningkatkan Kepatuhan dalam menaati diet DM untuk menstabilkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus, adanya kepatuhan dapat mengembangkan rutinitas (kebiasaan) yang dapat membantu penderita dalam menjalani diet.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus di. wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya Kecamatan Biringkanaya Kota MakassarPenelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel adalah pasien DM rawat jalan di wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya yang berjumlah 48 0rang yang dipilih secara accidental sampling. Pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga diperoleh dari kuesioner. Kepatuhan diet pasien diperoleh melalui recall 24 jam selama 2 hari tidak berurut. Analisis hubungan antara variabel dilakukan uji chi square. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan narasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan gizi pasien DM di wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya baik (79.2%), umumnya keluarga mendukung (87.5%), pasien DM tergolong tidak patuh (91.7%). Hasil uji statistik antara variabel menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan gizi dengan kepatuhan diet (p=0.621), dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan diet pasien DM di wilayah Puskesmas Sudiang Raya (p=0.71).Disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan mempertimbangkan pasien DM yang meminum obat, pasien DM yang suntik insulin, kadar gula darah pasien, riwayat penyakit lain yang didiagnosa langsung oleh dokter serta mengoptimalkan instrument penelitian untuk menghindari data yang bias