A novel method to obtain 3-port network parameters from 2-port measurements

The two-port description of a four-terminal device like a MOSFFT is incomplete. For complete analysis and at higher frequencies, four terminal characteristics have to be obtained. We describe a simple and novel measurement technique to obtain the complete description from two-port measurements on a single test structure. No extra test structures are needed in this procedure. Such measurements are reported for the first time for a MOSFET.© IEE

Wideband lumped element model for on-chip interconnects on lossy silicon substrate

This work presents the fully lumped element model for wideband on-chip interconnects, with large scalability of line lengths up to 8000 μm, and widths down to 100 nm. Both the series and the shunt lumped elements of the model are determined based on the frequency asymptotic technique without any optimization. The equivalent lumped circuit is derived and verified to accurately recover the frequency-dependent parameters up to 40 GHz, where all the parasitic effects are accounted for based on the EM simulation and measurement. The convergence of the cascaded lumped element model is analyzed for the minimal requirement of desired wideband and distributed performance. The frequency responses of the proposed model agree well with those of the distributed transmission line model and measurements. Finally, the model is validated by comparing simulated and measured Scattering-parameters.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Look-up table approach for RF circuit simulation using a novel measurement technique

A simple and novel measurement technique to obtain three-port network-parameters of MOS transistors from two-port measurements on a single test structure is presented. The measured data is used in the form of a lookup table (LUT) for RF circuit simulation. It is shown that simulation results obtained with the LUT approach for a 2.4-GHz low-noise amplifier match very well with measurements, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the LUT approach. It is also shown that, for high frequencies, it is important to use the tables of y-parameters actually measured rather than those interpolated from low-frequency measurements. This is illustrated with a tuned amplifier simulation example.IEE

How and Why Software Outsourcing Projects Drift—An Actor-Network-Theoretic Investigation of Control Processes

This study seeks to explain the perplexing phenomenon that many software outsourcing projects drift, ie, they enter into a creeping process of targeting emergent goals often at the expense of losing sight of initial goals. Such drift is difficult to reconcile with the traditional logic of control found in the literature. According to this logic, clients should be able to ensure goal achievement through close monitoring. If drift occurs despite rigid control, this suggests that within the control process forces are at work that divert controls from their initial objectives. To better understand these forces in the control process and how they relate to drift, we contrast the logic of control with concepts and assumptions from actor-network theory (ANT). ANT allows us to understand the process of designing, enacting, and adapting controls as one of creating and changing actor-networks. Our longitudinal case study of four software outsourcing projects reveals that drift processes differ depending on three interconnected changes in the actor-networks, ie, changes in who partakes in the (re-) negotiation of control mechanisms, what specific control mechanisms are (re-) defined, and how they are inscribed in the software artifact and the software task