Bank accounts and savings - the impact of remittances and migration: a case study of Moldova

In many developing countries, the formal financial sector is underdeveloped and majority of the population does not have access to it. This paper analyzes the empirical link between remittances and financial sector development on a microeconomic level. Using a unique household dataset for Moldova, we find that receiving monetary remittances has a positive and significant effect on the probability of having a bank account, thereby promoting financial sector development. Furthermore, we show that remittances tend to have an even higher positive effect on household savings, which is a sign for a hidden potential for financial sector development

Tribological behaviour of the low and high viscosity peek at various testing scales

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has become most attractive as a sliding bearing material in industrial applications, due to its excellent thermal stability, good friction and wear resistance. These properties promote the material to be used in so called high performance tribological applications. However, fundamental mechanisms governing friction and wear are not yet fully understood and neither is the influence of composition parameters. An important parameter is PEEK’s viscosity during injection moulding which is heated up to semi-solid state, between its glass transition and melting temperature. It is not known to what extent the injection viscosity, related to the applied temperature profile, affects subsequent tribological features. This paper studies the friction and wear performance of low and high viscosity PEEK under dry reciprocating sliding contact. The tests were performed with small and large scale specimens under pin-on-plate and flat-on-flat configuration, respectively; to determine the transitions in tribological behaviour at different scales and to identify the applications limits. Tests were carried out at controlled atmosphere with 25 °C and a relative humidity of 50%. Parameters such as contact pressures and sliding speed were limited at 10 MPa and 20 mm/s, respectively; post mortem analyses were carried out by means of 2-D surface topography and optical microscopy. The results show that PEEK injected at high viscosity exhibits a tribological performance with a relatively high coefficient of friction and high wear rate compare to PEEK injected at low viscosity

Archival Information Package (AIP) Pilot Specification

This report presents the E-ARK AIP format specification as it will be used by the pilots (implementations in pilot organizations). The deliverable is a follow-up version of E-ARK deliverable D4.2. The report describes the structure, metadata, and physical container format of the E-ARK AIP, a container which is the result of converting an E-ARK Submission Information Package (SIP) into the E-ARK Archival Information Package (AIP). The conversion will be implemented in the Integrated Platform as part of the component earkweb

Benchmarking of electro-optic monitors for femtosecond electron bunches

The longitudinal profiles of ultrashort relativistic electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH have been investigated using two single-shot detection schemes: an electro-optic (EO) detector measuring the Coulomb field of the bunch and a radio-frequency structure transforming the charge distribution into a transverse streak. A comparison permits an absolute calibration of the EO technique. EO signals as short as 60 fs (rms) have been observed, which is a new record in the EO detection of single electron bunches and close to the limit given by the EO material properties

Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH

Precise measurements of the temporal profile of ultrashort electron bunches are of high interest for the optimization and operation of ultraviolet and x-ray free-electron lasers. The electro-optic (EO) technique has been applied for a single-shot direct visualization of the time profile of individual electron bunches at FLASH. This paper presents a thorough description of the experimental setup and the results. An absolute calibration of the EO technique has been performed utilizing simultaneous measurements with a transverse-deflecting radio-frequency structure that transforms the longitudinal bunch charge distribution into a transverse streak. EO signals as short as 60 fs (rms) have been observed using a gallium-phosphide (GaP) crystal, which is a new record in the EO detection of single electron bunches and close to the physical limit imposed by the EO material properties. The data are in quantitative agreement with a numerical simulation of the EO detection process

Single-shot longitudinal bunch profile measurements at FLASH using electro-optic detection:experiment, simulation, and validation

At the superconducting linac of FLASH at DESY, we have installed an electro-optic (EO) experiment for single- shot, non-destructive measurements of the longitudinal electric charge distribution of individual electron bunches. The time profile of the electric bunch field is electro- optically encoded onto a chirped titanium-sapphire laser pulse. In the decoding step, the profile is retrieved either from a cross-correlation of the encoded pulse with a 30 fs laser pulse, obtained from the same laser (electro- optic temporal decoding, EOTD), or from the spectral intensity of the transmitted probe pulse (electro-optic spectral decoding, EOSD). At FLASH, the longitudinally compressed electron bunches have been measured during FEL operation with a resolution of better than 50 fs. The electro-optic process in gallium phosphide was numerically simulated using as input data the bunch shapes determined with a transverse-deflecting RF structure. In this contribution, we present electro-optically measured bunch profiles and compare them with the simulation

Laser Wire Scanner Compton Scattering Techniques for the Measurement of the Transverse Beam Size of Particle Beams at Future Linear Colliders

This archive summarizes a working paper and conference proceedings related to laser wire scanner development for the Future Linear Collider (FLC) in the years 2001 to 2006. In particular the design, setup and data taking for the laser wire experiments at PETRA II and CT2 are described. The material is focused on the activities undertaken by Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL).Comment: 61 page

Covariant Derivatives on Homogeneous Spaces -- Horizontal Lifts and Parallel Transport

We consider invariant covariant derivatives on reductive homogeneous spaces corresponding to the well-known invariant affine connections. These invariant covariant derivatives are expressed in terms of horizontally lifted vector fields on the Lie group. This point of view allows for a characterization of parallel vector fields along curves. Moreover, metric invariant covariant derivatives on a reductive homogeneous space equipped with an invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric are characterized. As a by-product, a new proof for the existence of invariant covariant derivatives on reductive homogeneous spaces and their the one-to-one correspondence to certain bilinear maps is obtained.Comment: 36 page

Dialogues and Dynamics – Interculturality in Theology and Religious Studies

This volume contains the texts from the symposium on the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the M.A. Programme Intercultural Theology. The contributions address the challenges and consequences of an intercultural approach in academics as well as in the churches and in society. Since globalisation has significantly changed the face of contemporary Christianity in the 21st century, the task of doing theology has become more complex. The cultural, geographic and denominational varieties of Christianity worldwide challenge the traditional Western face of academic Christian theology and demand new and global forms of theological thinking across lines. Intercultural Theology seeks to embrace these dynamics with a constructive dialogue, opening up new spaces of collaborative thinking and academic reflection

Rolling Reductive Homogeneous Spaces

Rollings of reductive homogeneous spaces are investigated. More precisely, for a reductive homogeneous space $G / H$ with reductive decomposition $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{h} \oplus \mathfrak{m}$, we consider rollings of $\mathfrak{m}$ over $G / H$ without slip and without twist, where $G / H$ is equipped with an invariant covariant derivative. To this end, an intrinsic point of view is taken, meaning that a rolling is a curve in the configuration space $Q$ which is tangent to a certain distribution. By considering a $H$-principal fiber bundle $\overline{\pi} \colon \overline{Q} \to Q$ over the configuration space equipped with a suitable principal connection, rollings of $\mathfrak{m}$ over $G / H$ can be expressed in terms of horizontally lifted curves on $\overline{Q}$. The total space of $\overline{\pi} \colon \overline{Q} \to Q$ is a product of Lie groups. In particular, for a given control curve, this point of view allows for characterizing rollings of $\mathfrak{m}$ over $G / H$ as solutions of an explicit, time-variant ordinary differential equation (ODE) on $\overline{Q}$, the so-called kinematic equation. An explicit solution for the associated initial value problem is obtained for rollings with respect to the canonical invariant covariant derivative of first and second kind if the development curve in $G / H$ is the projection of a one-parameter subgroup in $G$. Lie groups and Stiefel manifolds are discussed as examples.Comment: 57 pages. This text can be seen as a continuation of arXiv:2308.07089 of which some parts are recalle