Estilos de vida en relación a la alimentación y hábitos alimentarios dentro y

Lobos, G (Lobos, German). Univ Talca, Fac Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela Ingn Comercial, Talca, ChileResumen Objetivo: Distinguir tipologías de consumidores en base a su estilo de vida en relación a la alimentación en las principales comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile, y caracterizarlas según sus hábitos de consumo de alimentos dentro y fuera del hogar, características sociodemográficas y su nivel de satisfacción con su alimentación. Material y método: Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra de 951 personas en las principales comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (más de 100.000 habitantes). El instrumento de recogida de información incluyó una adaptación del cuestionario de estilos de vida en relación a la alimentación (FRL) y la escala SWFL (Satisfaction with Food-related Life). Se consultaron los hábitos de consumo de alimentos dentro y fuera del hogar y variables de clasificación sociodemográfica de los encuestados. Resultados: Mediante análisis cluster se distinguieron cinco tipologías con diferencias significativas en los cinco componentes obtenidos del FRL, con análisis factorial de componentes principales. Las tipologías presentaron distinto perfil de género, edad y nivel socioeconómico y difirieron en los puntajes obtenidos en la SWFL. Se diferenciaron en la frecuencia en que la persona almuerza, toma once y cena en su hogar. Respecto a las comidas fuera del hogar, las tipologías se distinguieron según la frecuencia de comidas en restaurantes, locales de comida rápida y en la compra de comida preparada. Conclusiones: Un estilo de vida en relación a la alimentación con baja implicación y disfrute de los alimentos se asocia con un mayor nivel socioeconómico y menor edad de las personas. Adicionalmente, se asocia con comportamientos alimentarios poco saludables y no beneficiosos para las personas, como una mayor frecuencia de comidas en restaurantes y de compra de comida preparada, junto a una menor frecuencia de comidas en el hogar, lo que estaría influyendo en un nivel inferior de satisfacción con la alimentación

Purchase Flow of Agricultural Raw Materials in the IX Region, Chile.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate purchase flows of agricultural raw materials and to establish the commercial boundaries of the city of Temuco in the IX Region of Chile in 2002-2003. Local Planning Boards were polled from the districts of the IX Region and in the provinces of Arauco, Biobio and Valdivia were also included. The gravitational determinist model on demarcation of commercial areas was used. According to the results obtained, the city of Temuco, as leader city, attracts expense flow from all of the neighbouring districts in the IX Region and also from border districts in the VIII and X Regions, totalizing 35 districts, north and south of Temuco. There were shared zones of attraction with Valdivia, Concepcion and Los Angeles. The coefficients of the population variables and number of commercial patents used to measure the commercial attraction of the districts of origin on the expense flows were negative. The coefficients for population, number of commercial patents and sales area of the districts of destination of flows were positive, whereas both restriction variables had negative coefficients. The coefficients of the three variables were statistically significant (p<0.05) in the specification of the gravitational model that uses population as an attribute of the district of origin, destination of the commercial flows and travel time as restriction variables. The global adjustment of the model improved when other variables that reflected the commercial attraction of the procurement centers were introduced, i.e. number of business patents of agricultural supply stores and the related commercial area, showing determination coefficients higher than 40%, considered acceptable in this type of research. Not withstanding, the variable referred to the district of origin of the expense re-routing had statistically non-significant coefficients (p>0.05) and were positive for the commercial area. Therefore, It was determined that movement of raw material acquisitions outside the district where farms were located is done in the interurban commercial centres, that offered the largest variety of products, and the best business conditions and services to farmers.Para evaluar la existencia de flujos de compra de insumos agrícolas atraídos por Temuco y delimitar su área comercial, se encuestó a los Secretarios Comunales de Planificación de las comunas de la IX Región y de las provincias de Arauco, Biobío y Valdivia, definidas como unidades de estudio por el modelo gravitacional determinista de delimitación de áreas comerciales. Temuco, como cabecera comercial del área, atrajo flujos de gasto de todas las comunas de la IX Región y de comunas limítrofes de la VIII y X Región de Chile, totalizando 35 comunas atraídas comercialmente. Se observaron zonas de gravitación compartida con las áreas comerciales de las ciudades de Valdivia, Concepción y Los Angeles. Mediante la estimación del modelo de gravitación comercial tradicional, se determinó que los desplazamientos de compra fuera de la comuna de ubicación del predio para las adquisiciones de insumos agrícolas, se realizaron seleccionando los centros de compra interurbanos de mayor oferta comercial, que ofrecen mejores condiciones comerciales y de servicios a los productores agrícolas, actuando la distancia o el tiempo de desplazamiento como factores de restricción a los desplazamientos de compra

Preferencias hacia carne de cordero en supermercados de Temuco, región de la Araucanía, Chile

Lobos, G (Lobos, German). Univ Talca, Escuela Ingn Comercial, Talca, ChileThe low levels of consumption of lamb meat in Chile suggest the need for studies on consumer preferences in order to orient production. A study with this object was carried out to evaluate preferences for various cuts, breeds, state (fresh or frozen) and price of lamb's meat among supermarket buyers in Temuco, Chile, and the existence of different market segments, through a survey of 400 persons. Using a fractional factorial design for conjoint analysis, it was determined that the state of the meat was more important than the cut, the price and the breed, with a preference for meat in half carcasses and quarters, Araucano lamb, fresh, at a medium price level. Four consumer segments were distinguished by analysis of hierarchic conglomerates. The majority group (47.7%) was sensitive to the state and the cut, with preference for meat in quarters, fresh, Texel breed. The second group (25.3%) was sensitive to the breed, presenting the strongest preferences for meat in whole carcass, fresh, Araucano lamb. The third group (14.3%) was sensitive to the price, preferred meat in quarters, fresh, Araucano lamb. The minority group (12.7%) was sensitive to the state and price, preferring meat in quarters, Texel breed, and was the only group which preferred frozen meat and would pay a higher price. The segments were distinguished by age, ethnic origin and satisfaction with food-related life. Thus the commercialisation strategy for lamb in supermarkets in Temuco should concentrate principally on the sale of fresh meat cut in quarter

The Relation between Attitudes toward Functional Foods and Satisfaction with Food-Related Life

Purpose – To assess the effect of attitudes towards functional foods (FF) on university students’ satisfaction with food-related life and to distinguish student typologies, considering that the attitudes towards FF are not homogeneous among consumers. Design/methodology - A survey was applied to 372 university students (mean age=20.4 years, SD=2.4) in southern Chile. The questionnaire included the Attitudes towards Functional Foods (AFF) questionnaire and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) scale, questions about consumption and knowledge about FF and socio-demographic characteristics. Findings – Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling, it was found that attitudes toward functional foods directly and significantly influence students’ satisfaction with food-related life. A cluster analysis applied to the Z-scores from the factors obtained by the CFA classified three typologies: Positive towards FF (36.3%), moderately positive towards FF (43.0%) and negative towards FF (20.7%). The positive towards FF type had a significantly greater SWFL score than the negative towards FF type. The types differ according to consumption and knowledge about FF. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted in the context of only one country in South America. Originality/value – This study is the first that assesses the effect of AFF on satisfaction with food-related life in a sample of university students. Fostering positive attitudes towards FF will allow for a growth in the degree of satisfaction with food-related life of university students with features similar to those of the study sample

Разработка информационных систем управления рисками для предметных областей

This paper is about specifics of developing risk management information system in construction company and advertising business

CARACTERISTICAS DEL PROCESO DE DECISION DE COMPRA DE VINO EN LA IX REGION DE LA ARAUCANIA, CHILE

In order to obtain the characteristics of the wine buying decision process in Temuco, primary information was generated from a sample representative of sex composition and age groups of the 9th Region. The findings show that the decision process of wine purchase follows the characteristics of convenience goods. Using multivariate conjoint analysis it is possible to determine that price is the main factor in the purchase decision of a specific wine and a positive relationship between price and quality. In this market, occasional wine consumers predominate mainly in special events. Among the consumers a strong brand loyalty was not evidenced.  Con el propósito de caracterizar el proceso de decisión de compra de vinos en la ciudad de Temuco y determinar la importancia del tipo de vino (tinto o blanco), el tipo de envase y variaciones en los niveles de precio en este proceso, se generó información primaria al respecto a partir de una muestra representativa de la composición en sexos y grupos de edades de la población de la IX Región de La Araucanía. Se obtuvo que el proceso de decisión de compra de vino se ajusta a las características de los bienes de conveniencia. La elección del vino es efectuada preferentemente por el jefe de hogar, evaluando pocas alternativas para ello, siendo marcada la preferencia por cepas de vino tinto. Utilizando la técnica multivariante de análisis conjunto, se determinó que el factor con más peso para decidir la compra de un vino, elegido previamente el tipo, corresponde al precio existiendo una asociación positiva entre un mayor nivel de este factor y una mejor calidad del producto. Predominan los consumidores ocasionales de vino asociados a eventos especiales y una tendencia a elegir vinos de mayor calidad. Existe una proporción considerable de consumidores que no experimenta lealtad hacia marcas específicas, hecho que facilita la entrada de nuevos productos al mercado. &nbsp

Atributos Valorados en la Selección de Carne Bovina por el Consumidor de Supermercados de Temuco, IX Región de Chile.

In order to establish the attributes that affect the purchase decision process of bovine meat, to assess the relative importance of meat’s country of origin and price, and to detect differences among population segments, a poll was conducted to a sample of 260 supermarket’s customers. The sample was stratified by gender, socio-economic status and age. The results indicate that the most important attributes were taste and softness, followed by price. The meat’s country of origin (national or imported) is more important (60%) than price (40%), when choosing the purchase; except in the younger people’s segment. A discount of 15% in the price of the imported meat does not affect consumer’s preference for national meat.Con el propósito de determinar los atributos valorados en el proceso de decisión de compra de consumidores habituales de carne bovina en supermercados de Temuco, IX Región de La Araucanía, Chile, evaluar la importancia relativa de la nacionalidad de procedencia y del precio y, detectar diferencias entre distintos estratos poblacionales, se realizó una encuesta en once supermercados a una muestra de 260 personas, estratificada por género, grupo socioeconómico y edad. Se obtuvo que los atributos más valorados en la compra fueron sabor y blandura, seguidos en importancia por el precio. El país de origen presentó una ponderación cercana al 60% en la elección de estos consumidores, mientras que la importancia relativa del precio se encontró alrededor del 40%, siendo éste levemente más relevante en el segmento de personas más jóvenes. Los consumidores expresaron una pérdida de utilidad frente a la carne importada, la cual no logró ser compensada por un descuento de un 15% en su precio

Schmallenberg virus pathogenesis, tropism and interaction with the innate immune system of the host

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging orthobunyavirus of ruminants associated with outbreaks of congenital malformations in aborted and stillborn animals. Since its discovery in November 2011, SBV has spread very rapidly to many European countries. Here, we developed molecular and serological tools, and an experimental in vivo model as a platform to study SBV pathogenesis, tropism and virus-host cell interactions. Using a synthetic biology approach, we developed a reverse genetics system for the rapid rescue and genetic manipulation of SBV. We showed that SBV has a wide tropism in cell culture and “synthetic” SBV replicates in vitro as efficiently as wild type virus. We developed an experimental mouse model to study SBV infection and showed that this virus replicates abundantly in neurons where it causes cerebral malacia and vacuolation of the cerebral cortex. These virus-induced acute lesions are useful in understanding the progression from vacuolation to porencephaly and extensive tissue destruction, often observed in aborted lambs and calves in naturally occurring Schmallenberg cases. Indeed, we detected high levels of SBV antigens in the neurons of the gray matter of brain and spinal cord of naturally affected lambs and calves, suggesting that muscular hypoplasia observed in SBV-infected lambs is mostly secondary to central nervous system damage. Finally, we investigated the molecular determinants of SBV virulence. Interestingly, we found a biological SBV clone that after passage in cell culture displays increased virulence in mice. We also found that a SBV deletion mutant of the non-structural NSs protein (SBVΔNSs) is less virulent in mice than wild type SBV. Attenuation of SBV virulence depends on the inability of SBVΔNSs to block IFN synthesis in virus infected cells. In conclusion, this work provides a useful experimental framework to study the biology and pathogenesis of SBV

Antiviral RNA interference activity in cells of the predatory mosquito, Toxorhynchites amboinensis

Arthropod vectors control the replication of arboviruses through their innate antiviral immune responses. In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are of notable significance for the control of viral infections. Although much has been done to understand the role of RNAi in vector populations, little is known about its importance in non-vector mosquito species. In this study, we investigated the presence of an RNAi response in Toxorhynchites amboinensis, which is a non-blood feeding species proposed as a biological control agent against pest mosquitoes. Using a derived cell line (TRA-171), we demonstrate that these mosquitoes possess a functional RNAi response that is active against a mosquito-borne alphavirus, Semliki Forest virus. As observed in vector mosquito species, small RNAs are produced that target viral sequences. The size and characteristics of these small RNAs indicate that both the siRNA and piRNA pathways are induced in response to infection. Taken together, this data suggests that Tx. amboinensis are able to control viral infections in a similar way to natural arbovirus vector mosquito species. Understanding their ability to manage arboviral infections will be advantageous when assessing these and similar species as biological control agents

Delaying academic tasks and feeling bad about it

Abstract. Procrastination is the irrational delay of an intended task and is common among students. A delay can only be defined as procrastination when it is voluntary, the action was intended but not implemented, and the delay is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Established scales of procrastination cover mainly behavioral aspects but have neglected the emotional aspect. This inaccuracy concerning the construct validity might entail misconceptions of procrastination. Accordingly, we developed and validated the Behavioral and Emotional Academic Procrastination Scale (BEPS), which covers all aspects of the definition of procrastination. The 6-item scale measuring self-reported academic procrastination was tested in three studies. Study 1 (N = 239) evaluated the psychometric qualities of the BEPS, indicating good item characteristics and internal consistency. Study 2 (N = 1,441) used confirmatory factor analysis and revealed two correlated factors: one covering the behavioral aspect and the other reflecting the emotional aspect. Measurement invariance was shown through longitudinal and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Study 3 (N = 234) provided evidence for the scale’s convergent validity through correlations with established procrastination scales, self-efficacy, and neuroticism. The BEPS thus economically operationalizes all characteristics of academic procrastination and appears to be a reliable and valid self-report measure