High-temperature ceramic-to-ceramic seals

Noble-metal braze applied to appropriately prepared zirconia parts produces a gas-tight, durable seal that can withstand temperature of 825 C for over 2000 hours without deterioration

Understanding the Cognitive Impact of Emerging Web Technologies: A Research Focus Area for Embodied, Extended and Distributed Approaches to Cognition

Alongside existing research into the social, political and economic impacts of the Web, there is also a need to explore the effects of the Web on our cognitive profile. This is particularly so as the range of interactive opportunities we have with the Web expands under the influence of a range of emerging technologies. Embodied, extended and distributed approaches to cognition are relevant to understanding the potential cognitive impact of these new technologies because of the emphasis they place on extra-neural and extra-corporeal factors in the shaping of our cognitive capabilities at both an individual and collective level. The current paper outlines a number of areas where embodied, extended and distributed approaches to cognition are useful in understanding the impact of emerging Web technologies on future forms of both human and machine intelligence

George William Curtis as literary critic.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Embodiment, Cognition and the World Wide Web

Cognitive embodiment refers to the hypothesis that cognitive processes of all kinds are rooted in perception and action. Recent findings in cognitive neuroscience revealed that the motor cortex, long confined to the mere role of action programming and execution, in fact, plays a crucial role in complex cognitive abilities

Nitrile-assistant eutectic electrolytes for cryogenic operation of lithium ion batteries at fast charges and discharges

The charge/discharge characteristics of lithium ion batteries at low temperature (LT = -20 ??C) are enhanced by using ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes with the help of assistant solvents of nitriles. Conventional liquid electrolytes (e.g. a mixture of EC and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), abbreviated as LED) cannot support a satisfactory capacity at low temperature as well as at high rates even if electric vehicles require low-temperature operation. Introducing propionitrile or butyronitrile (Pn or Bn) into LED (resulting in LEDPn or LEDBn) as a co-solvent increases significantly the high-rate capacities at -20??C. For example, LEDPn delivers 62% of the available capacity at 1 C and 46% at 3 C with a 2.7 V cut-off while the control LED provides just 6% and 4% at the same rates. Successful operation at -20??C with nitrile-assistant electrolytes results from high ionic conductivity, low viscosity and freezing point depression caused by the eutectic behavior of the carbonates (EC/DMC) and Pn. Based on the phase diagram of Pn with EC/DMC, we expect a meaningful battery operation up to -110??C, probably lower, at the eutectic composition.close0

“It’s made a huge difference” : recognition, rights and the personal significance of Civil Partnership

In this paper we map briefly some of the arguments around the meaning and significance of the introduction of Civil Partnership in England and Wales, and in this way show how contested these meanings are. We then turn to our empirical data to explore the extent to which these arguments and issues are part of the everyday decision making processes of same sex couples who have decided to register their partnerships or to undergo a commitment ceremony of some kind. In doing this, we were interested in how people make their own meanings (if they do) and whether they actually frame important decisions in their lives around the ideas that are part of the current political debates. We are interested in whether the public debates are featured in the accounts of our interviewees but our concern is also that these broader political debates appear to offer two alternatives to same sex couples. In one scenario same sex couples appear to be striking a blow for equality and are cultural heroes, in the other they appear as cultural dupes who are unintentionally falling into a government trap to de-radicalise their relationships and defuse the possibility of a queer alternative to heteronormativity. Our data give some insight into how same sex couples negotiate these alternatives and may, in fact, circumnavigate them

Lessons in Harmony: What Experience in the Atlantic Provinces Shows About the Benefits of a Harmonized Sales Tax

Provincial retail sales taxes are remarkably high on business inputs, including purchases of capital goods that spur growth in productivity and employment. Evidence from Eastern provinces with a Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) suggests that harmonizing provincial sales taxes with the federal GST would eliminate most of this distortion, without leading to an increase in consumer prices.tax reform, retail sales taxes

Predicting the arrival times of solar particles

A procedure has been developed to generate a computerized time-intensity profile of the solar proton intensity expected at the earth after the occurrence of a significant solar flare on the sun. This procedure is a combination of many pieces of independent research and theoretical results. Many of the concepts used were first reported by Smart and Shea (1979) and are summarized by Smart and Shea (1985). Extracts from the general procedure that relate to predicting the expected onset time and time of maximum at the earth after the occurrence of a solar flare are presented

Establishment of Wildflower Islands to Enhance Roadside Health and Aesthetics

Wildflowers are crucial in the ecological function of the low-input roadside plant communities in terms of water andnutrient cycling, nutrient inputs such as nitrogen, total plant canopy cover, stand longevity, and provision of habitat for numerous small animals. Further, wildflowers provide critical foraging and nesting resources for birds, insects, and other wildlife. Unfortunately, habitat loss from agricultural and urban development has led to rapid population declines in wild bees and other pollinators across the US, thereby jeopardizing not only food production but also the sustainability of our natural landscapes (Kearns & Inouye, 1997). One way to mitigate wild bee decline is to establish more habitat corridors on public rights-of-way, such as roadsides. Planting pollinator-friendly native wildflowers on roadsides provides nutrient-rich forage and nesting resources for bees and is aesthetically pleasing. With 97,256 miles of public roadways in Nebraska (~4 million miles of roadways in the United States), roadsides play ever increasing roles in sustaining biodiversity within our state and beyond. Federal guidelines state that wildflowers are to be used in roadside seeding mixtures, and NDOT includes a diversity of wildflower species in its seeding mixtures. However, these complex seeding mixtures are often expensive because of the diversity of species and high seed price of many of these native species, particularly the wildflowers which compose roughly 10% of the total seeds but represent 30% of the total cost of seed mixtures. Further, wildflowers on roadsides are typically seeded with competitive grasses and are costly to establish and manage long term. This research explored ways to improve wildflower establishment by separating wildflower seeds from the conventional seed mixture with includes both wildflower and grass seeds. Additionally, wildflower plots were seeded at different patch or island sizes to assess cost-effective ways of reducing competition by nonnative weeds and enhancing the longevity of roadside habitat. Optimal patch sizes and treatment groups included 100% wildflower mix seeded to the entire 3 m x 18.3 m plot (treatment 100), only 50% of the plot seeded in one continuous patch (treatment 50) or in two small patches (treatment 25x2) compared to current practices of seeding wildflower-grass mixtures (treatment conventional). Ecological benefits of roadside habitat, wild bee abundance, diversity, and nesting activity was assessed and compared across seeding practices and patch size treatments. Floral diversity and abundance were also analyzed to compare plant-pollinator interactions across treatments. Conventional roadside seeding methods yielded plots with lower abundance and richness of forbs and bees compared to plots seeded with wildflowers only (treatments 100, 50, 25x2) but only in the first year of establishment. Bee richness was highest in the late season, while forb abundance and richness were highest in the mid-season. No differences were observed across differently sized wildflower-only patches likely because of the recent establishment of plots. In fact, only ~50% of seeded forbs had established and roughly 14 plants out of the 40 species in the seed mixture did not establish in either survey years and may therefore be replaced in future seed mixtures. Our results indicate that wildflower segregation in strips or islands may be a cost-effective method of improving wildflower establishment and persistence in diverse roadside mixtures. As plots mature and become vulnerable to weed encroachment, the effect of patch size may become more distinguished across treatment groups, therefore, further monitoring and research may be necessary to further address issues with low establishment and high competitive pressure from volunteer species. This data contributes to NDOT’s ongoing pursuit to more effectively establish wildflowers on roadsides and to better understand the role floral enhancements have on supporting and sustaining vulnerable wildlife, such as our pollinator communities

Convergence of the Abelian sandpile

The Abelian sandpile growth model is a diffusion process for configurations of chips placed on vertices of the integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$, in which sites with at least 2d chips {\em topple}, distributing 1 chip to each of their neighbors in the lattice, until no more topplings are possible. From an initial configuration consisting of $n$ chips placed at a single vertex, the rescaled stable configuration seems to converge to a particular fractal pattern as $n\to \infty$. However, little has been proved about the appearance of the stable configurations. We use PDE techniques to prove that the rescaled stable configurations do indeed converge to a unique limit as $n \to \infty$. We characterize the limit as the Laplacian of the solution to an elliptic obstacle problem.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, acroread recommended for figure displa