Electron localization : band-by-band decomposition, and application to oxides

Using a plane wave pseudopotential approach to density functional theory we investigate the electron localization length in various oxides. For this purpose, we first set up a theory of the band-by-band decomposition of this quantity, more complex than the decomposition of the spontaneous polarization (a related concept), because of the interband coupling. We show its interpretation in terms of Wannier functions and clarify the effect of the pseudopotential approximation. We treat the case of different oxides: BaO, $\alpha$-PbO, BaTiO$_3$ and PbTiO$_3$. We also investigate the variation of the localization tensor during the ferroelectric phase transitions of BaTiO$_3$ as well as its relationship with the Born effective charges

Avaliação da depleção linfóide folicular da Bursa de Fabricius: uma metodologia alternativa utilizando análise digital de imagem e redes neurais artificiais

Fifty Bursa of Fabricius (BF) were examined by conventional optical microscopy and digital images were acquired and processed using Matlab® 6.5 software. The Artificial Neuronal Network (ANN) was generated using Neuroshell® Classifier software and the optical and digital data were compared. The ANN was able to make a comparable classification of digital and optical scores. The use of ANN was able to classify correctly the majority of the follicles, reaching sensibility and specificity of 89% and 96%, respectively. When the follicles were scored and grouped in a binary fashion the sensibility increased to 90% and obtained the maximum value for the specificity of 92%. These results demonstrate that the use of digital image analysis and ANN is a useful tool for the pathological classification of the BF lymphoid depletion. In addition it provides objective results that allow measuring the dimension of the error in the diagnosis and classification therefore making comparison between databases feasible.Cinquenta Bursa de Fabrícius (BF) foram examinadas através de microscopia óptica convencional e imagens digitais foram obtidas e processadas através do software Matlab® 6.5. Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) foram geradas com a utilização do software Neuroshell® Classifier, e os dados das análises óptica e digital foram comparados. A ANN classificou corretamente a maioria dos folículos, atingindo sensibilidade e especificidade de 89% e 96%, respectivamente. Quando os folículos foram agrupados de forma binária houve um aumento da sensibilidade para 90% e obteve-se um valor máximo para a especificidade de 92%. Estes resultados demonstram que o uso da análise digital de imagem associada à ANNé uma ferramenta bastante útil para a classificação patológica da depleção linfóide da BF. Além disso, fornece resultados objetivos que permitem medir a dimensão do erro classificatório, tornando possível a comparação entre distintos bancos de dados

Comparisons of Statistical Multifragmentation and Evaporation Models for Heavy Ion Collisions

The results from ten statistical multifragmentation models have been compared with each other using selected experimental observables. Even though details in any single observable may differ, the general trends among models are similar. Thus these models and similar ones are very good in providing important physics insights especially for general properties of the primary fragments and the multifragmentation process. Mean values and ratios of observables are also less sensitive to individual differences in the models. In addition to multifragmentation models, we have compared results from five commonly used evaporation codes. The fluctuations in isotope yield ratios are found to be a good indicator to evaluate the sequential decay implementation in the code. The systems and the observables studied here can be used as benchmarks for the development of statistical multifragmentation models and evaporation codes.Comment: To appear on Euorpean Physics Journal A as part of the Topical Volume "Dynamics and Thermodynamics with Nuclear Degrees of Freedo

Measurement of the Bottom contribution to non-photonic electron production in p+pp+p collisions at s\sqrt{s} =200 GeV

The contribution of $B$ meson decays to non-photonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semi-leptonic decays of heavy flavor mesons, in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between non-photonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted $B$ decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of $p_{T} \geq 5$ GeV/$c$. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from $B$ and $D$ meson decays. The result indicates that $B$ meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high $p_{T}$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by PR

The powerful in vitro bioactivity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seeds and related phenolic compounds

The Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a plant from the Amazon region, classified as "super fruit" because of its various functional properties. However, limited investigation has been performed on açaí by-products, such as seeds. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterized the phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract of açaí seeds and further evaluate its bioactivity (antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Only proanthocyanidins were detected, being a B-type (epi)catechin tetramer the most abundant; however, procyanidin trimmers were the most predominant form. Açaí seeds extract revealed a high antioxidant (EC50 ranging from 3.6 to 19.4 μg/mL) and cytotoxic activity, being more effective in the cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa; GI50 = 18 μg/mL); it did not show toxicity for non-tumor cells. Açaí seeds are considered a waste and could have an added economic benefit, through the extraction of natural antioxidants, particularly proanthocyanidins, that could find applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.The authors are grateful to Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the research centre CIMO (strategic project PEst OE/AGR/UI0690/2011) and L. Barros researcher contract under “Programa Compromisso com Ciência - 2008”. The authors are also grateful to Jamil S. Oliveira by the initial discussions on the preparation of samples

Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV

We report a measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A_LL and the differential cross section for inclusive Pi0 production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. The cross section was measured over a transverse momentum range of 1 < p_T < 17 GeV/c and found to be in good agreement with a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation. The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry was measured in the range of 3.7 < p_T < 11 GeV/c and excludes a maximal positive gluon polarization in the proton. The mean transverse momentum fraction of Pi0's in their parent jets was found to be around 0.7 for electromagnetically triggered events.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (RC

Validação Da Versão De 36 Itens Do Who Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (whodas 2.0) Para A Avaliação De Incapacidade E Funcionalidade Da Mulher Associada à Morbidade Materna

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To validate the translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of 36 items from the World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), regarding their content and structure (construct), in a female population after pregnancy. Methods This is a validation of an instrument for the evaluation of disability and functioning and an assessment of its psychometric properties, performed in a tertiary maternity and a referral center specialized in high-risk pregnancies in Brazil. A sample of 638 women in different postpartum periods who had either a normal or a complicated pregnancy was included. The structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the content and relationships among the domains were assessed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The sociodemographic characteristics were identified, and the mean scores with their standard deviations for the 36 questions of the WHODAS 2.0 were calculated. The internal consistency was evaluated byCronbach’s α. Results Cronbach’s α was higher than 0.79 for both sets of questons of the questionnaire. The EFA and CFA for the main 32 questions exhibited a total variance of 54.7% (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] measure of sampling adequacy = 0.934; p < 0.001) and 53.47% (KMO = 0.934; p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant correlation among the 6 domains (r = 0.571–0.876), and a moderate correlation among all domains (r = 0.476–0.694). Conclusion The version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese showed good psychometric properties in this sample, and therefore could be applied to populations of women regarding their reproductive history. © 2017 by Thieme-Revinter Publicações Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.3924452471142/2011-5, CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Building The Sugarcane Genome For Biotechnology And Identifying Evolutionary Trends

Background: Sugarcane is the source of sugar in all tropical and subtropical countries and is becoming increasingly important for bio-based fuels. However, its large (10 Gb), polyploid, complex genome has hindered genome based breeding efforts. Here we release the largest and most diverse set of sugarcane genome sequences to date, as part of an on-going initiative to provide a sugarcane genomic information resource, with the ultimate goal of producing a gold standard genome.Results: Three hundred and seventeen chiefly euchromatic BACs were sequenced. A reference set of one thousand four hundred manually-annotated protein-coding genes was generated. A small RNA collection and a RNA-seq library were used to explore expression patterns and the sRNA landscape. In the sucrose and starch metabolism pathway, 16 non-redundant enzyme-encoding genes were identified. One of the sucrose pathway genes, sucrose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase, is duplicated in sugarcane and sorghum, but not in rice and maize. A diversity analysis of the s6pp duplication region revealed haplotype-structured sequence composition. Examination of hom(e)ologous loci indicate both sequence structural and sRNA landscape variation. A synteny analysis shows that the sugarcane genome has expanded relative to the sorghum genome, largely due to the presence of transposable elements and uncharacterized intergenic and intronic sequences.Conclusion: This release of sugarcane genomic sequences will advance our understanding of sugarcane genetics and contribute to the development of molecular tools for breeding purposes and gene discovery. © 2014 de Setta et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.151European Commission: Agriculture and Rural Development: Sugar http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sugar/index_en.htmKellogg, E.A., Evolutionary history of the grasses (2001) Plant Physiol, 125, pp. 1198-1205Grivet, L., Arruda, P., Sugarcane genomics: depicting the complex genome of an important tropical crop (2001) Curr Opin Plant Biol, 5, pp. 122-127Piperidis, G., Piperidis, N., D'Hont, A., Molecular cytogenetic investigation of chromosome composition and transmission in sugarcane (2010) Mol Genet Genomics, 284, pp. 65-73D'Hont, A., Unraveling the genome structure of polyploids using FISH and GISHexamples of sugarcane and banana (2005) Cytogenet Genome Res, 109, pp. 27-33D'Hont, A., Glaszmann, J.C., Sugarcane genome analysis with molecular markers: a first decade of research (2001) Int Soc Sugar Cane Technol Proc XXIV Congr, pp. 556-559Tomkins, J., Yu, Y., Miller-Smith, H., Frisch, D., Woo, S., Wing, R., A bacterial artificial chromosome library for sugarcane (1999) Theor Appl Genet, 99, pp. 419-424Vettore, L., Silva, F.R., Kemper, E.L., Souza, G.M., Silva, A.M., Ferro, M., Henrique-Silva, F., Monteiro-Vitorello, C.B., Analysis and functional annotation of an expressed sequence tag collection for tropical crop sugarcane (2003) Genome Res, 13, pp. 2725-2735Repbase http://www.girinst.org/repbase/Domingues, D.S., Cruz, G.M.Q., Metcalfe, C.J., Nogueira, F.T.S., Vicentini, R., Alves, C.S., Van Sluys, M.-A., Analysis of plant LTR-retrotransposons at the fine-scale family level reveals individual molecular patterns (2012) BMC Genomics, 13, p. 137National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Meyer, F., Paarmann, D., D'Souza, M., Olson, R., Glass, E.M., Kubal, M., Paczian, T., Edwards, R.A., The metagenomics RAST server - a public resource for the automatic phylogenetic and functional analysis of metagenomes (2008) BMC Bioinformatics, 9, p. 386Keeling, P.L., Myers, A.M., Biochemistry and genetics of starch synthesis (2010) Annu Rev Food Sci Technol, 1, pp. 271-303Phytozome v9.1: Home http://www.phytozome.net/Dias, E.S., Carareto, C.M.A., Ancestral polymorphism and recent invasion of transposable elements in Drosophila species (2012) BMC Evol Biol, 12, p. 119Posada, D., Crandall, K., Intraspecific gene genealogies: trees grafting into networks (2001) Trends Ecol Evol, 16, pp. 37-45Swaminathan, K., Alabady, M.S., Varala, K., De Paoli, E., Ho, I., Rokhsar, D.S., Arumuganathan, A.K., Hudson, M.E., Genomic and small RNA sequencing of Miscanthus x giganteus shows the utility of sorghum as a reference genome sequence for Andropogoneae grasses (2010) Genome Biol, 11, pp. R12Zanca, A.S., Vicentini, R., Ortiz-Morea, F.A., Del Bem, L.E., da Silva, M.J., Vincentz, M., Nogueira, F.T., Identification and expression analysis of microRNAs and targets in the biofuel crop sugarcane (2010) BMC Plant Biol, 10, p. 260Piriyapongsa, J., Jordan, I.K., A family of human microRNA genes from miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (2007) PLoS ONE, 2, pp. e203Barrera-Figueroa, B.E., Gao, L., Wu, Z., Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Jin, H., Liu, R., Zhu, J.-K., High throughput sequencing reveals novel and abiotic stress-regulated microRNAs in the inflorescences of rice (2012) BMC Plant Biol, 12, p. 132Nagaki, K., Tsujimoto, H., Sasakuma, T., A novel repetitive sequence of sugar cane, SCEN family, locating on centromeric regions (1998) Chromosom Res, 6, pp. 295-302Nagaki, K., Neumann, P., Zhang, D., Ouyang, S., Buell, C.R., Cheng, Z., Jiang, J., Structure, divergence, and distribution of the CRR centromeric retrotransposon family in rice (2005) Mol Biol Evol, 22, pp. 845-855Vicentini, R., Del Bem, L.E., Van Sluys, M.-A., Nogueira, F., Vincentz, M., Gene content analysis of sugarcane public ESTs reveals thousands of missing coding-genes and an unexpected pool of grasses conserved ncRNAs (2012) Trop Plant Biol, 5, pp. 199-205Kim, C., Lee, T.-H., Compton, R.O., Robertson, J.S., Pierce, G.J., Paterson, A.H., A genome-wide BAC end-sequence survey of sugarcane elucidates genome composition, and identifies BACs covering much of the euchromatin (2013) Plant Mol Biol, 81, pp. 139-147Paterson, A.H., Bowers, J.E., Bruggmann, R., Dubchak, I., Grimwood, J., Gundlach, H., Haberer, G., Carpita, N.C., The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses (2009) Nature, 457, pp. 551-556Chang, Y., Gong, L., Yuan, W., Li, X., Chen, G., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Wu, C., Replication protein A (RPA1a) is required for meiotic and somatic DNA repair but is dispensable for DNA replication and homologous recombination in rice (2009) Plant Physiol, 151, pp. 2162-2173Feschotte, C., Transposable elements and the evolution of regulatory networks (2008) Nat Rev Genet, 9, pp. 397-405Wang, J., Roe, B., Macmil, S., Yu, Q., Murray, J.E., Tang, H., Chen, C., Ming, R., Microcollinearity between autopolyploid sugarcane and diploid sorghum genomes (2010) BMC Genomics, 11, p. 261Garsmeur, O., Charron, C., Bocs, S., Jouffe, V., Samain, S., Couloux, A., Droc, G., D'Hont, A., High homologous gene conservation despite extreme autopolyploid redundancy in sugarcane (2011) New Phytol, 189, pp. 629-642Jannoo, N., Grivet, L., Chantret, N., Garsmeur, O., Glaszmann, J.C., Arruda, P., D'Hont, A., Orthologous comparison in a gene-rich region among grasses reveals stability in the sugarcane polyploid genome (2007) Plant J, 50, pp. 574-585Figueira, T.R.E.S., Okura, V., da Silva, F.R., da Silva, M.J., Kudrna, D., Ammiraju, J.S.S., Talag, J., Arruda, P., A BAC library of the SP80-3280 sugarcane variety (saccharum sp.) and its inferred microsynteny with the sorghum genome (2012) BMC Res Notes, 5, p. 185Schnable, P.S., Ware, D., Fulton, R.S., Stein, J.C., Wei, F., Pasternak, S., Liang, C., Gillam, B., The B73 maize genome: complexity, diversity, and dynamics (2009) Science, 326, pp. 1112-1115Tenaillon, M.I., Hufford, M.B., Gaut, B.S., Ross-Ibarra, J., Genome size and transposable element content as determined by high-throughput sequencing in maize and Zea luxurians (2011) Genome Biol Evol, 3, pp. 219-229Zhang, J., Yu, C., Krishnaswamy, L., Peterson, T., Transposable Elements as Catalysts for Chromosome Rearrangements (2011) Methods Mol Biol, pp. 315-326. , Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, Birchler JAMa, J., Wing, R.A., Bennetzen, J.L., Jackson, S.A., Plant centromere organization: a dynamic structure with conserved functions (2007) Trends Genet, 23, pp. 134-139D'Hont, A., Grivet, L., Feldmann, P., Rao, S., Berding, N., Glaszmann, J.C., Characterisation of the double genome structure of modern sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) by molecular cytogenetics (1996) Mol Gen Genet, 250, pp. 405-413Bao, Y., Wendel, J.F., Ge, S., Multiple patterns of rDNA evolution following polyploidy in Oryza (2010) Mol Phylogenet Evol, 55, pp. 136-142Lynch, M., (2007) The Origins of Genome Architecture, , Sunderland, Massachussetts, USA: Sinauer Associates IncThe map-based sequence of the rice genome (2005) Nature, 436, pp. 793-800. , International Rice Genome Sequencing ProjectLiu, B., Xu, C., Zhao, N., Qi, B., Kimatu, J.N., Pang, J., Han, F., Rapid genomic changes in polyploid wheat and related species: implications for genome evolution and genetic improvement (2009) J Genet Genomics, 36, pp. 519-528Lisch, D., How important are transposons for plant evolution? (2012) Nat Rev Genet, 14, pp. 49-61Udall, J.A., Wendel, J.F., Polyploidy and crop improvement (2006) Crop Sci, 46, pp. S3-S14Varshney, R.K., Graner, A., Sorrells, M.E., Genomics-assisted breeding for crop improvement (2005) Trends Plant Sci, 10, pp. 621-630Menossi, M., Silva-Filho, M.C., Vincentz, M., Van-Sluys, M.-A., Souza, G.M., Sugarcane functional genomics: gene discovery for agronomic trait development (2008) Int J Plant Genomics, 2008, p. 458732. , doi:10.1155/2008/458732Palhares, A.C., Rodrigues-Morais, T.B., Van Sluys, M.-A., Domingues, D.S., Maccheroni, W., Jordão, H., Souza, A.P., Vieira, M.L.C., A novel linkage map of sugarcane with evidence for clustering of retrotransposon-based markers (2012) BMC Genet, 13, p. 51Andersen, J.R., Lübberstedt, T., Functional markers in plants (2003) Trends Plant Sci, 8, pp. 554-560Kalendar, R., Flavell, A.J., Ellis, T.H.N., Sjakste, T., Moisy, C., Schulman, A., Analysis of plant diversity with retrotransposon-based molecular markers (2011) Heredity (Edinb), 106, pp. 520-530PGML BACMan On The Web: Grasses http://www.plantgenome.uga.edu/bacman/BACManwww.phpRice Genome Annotation Project http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/Bowers, J.E., Arias, M.A., Asher, R., Avise, J.A., Ball, R.T., Brewer, G.A., Buss, R.W., Soderlund, C.A., Comparative physical mapping links conservation of microsynteny to chromosome structure and recombination in grasses (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, pp. 13206-13211Adam-Blondon, A.-F., Bernole, A., Faes, G., Lamoureux, D., Pateyron, S., Grando, M.S., Caboche, M., Chalhoub, B., Construction and characterization of BAC libraries from major grapevine cultivars (2005) Theor Appl Genet, 110, pp. 1363-1371Manetti, M.E., Rossi, M., Cruz, G.M.Q., Saccaro, N.L., Nakabashi, M., Altebarmakian, V., Rodier-Goud, M., Van Sluys, M.A., Mutator system derivatives isolated from sugarcane genome sequence (2012) Trop Plant Biol, 5, pp. 233-243Phrap http://www.phrap.org/RepeatMasker http://www.repeatmasker.org/Jurka, J., Kapitonov, V.V., Pavlicek, A., Klonowski, P., Kohany, O., Repbase update, a database of eukaryotic repetitive elements (2005) Cytogenet Genome Res, 110, pp. 462-467Han, Y., Wessler, S.R., MITE-Hunter: a program for discovering miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements from genomic sequences (2010) Nucleic Acids Res, 38 (22), pp. e199. , doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq862. Epub 2010 Sep 29Frickey, T., Lupas, A., CLANS: a Java application for visualizing protein families based on pairwise similarity (2004) Bioinformatics, 20, pp. 3702-3704Han, Y., Qin, S., Wessler, S.R., Comparison of class 2 transposable elements at superfamily resolution reveals conserved and distinct features in cereal grass genomes (2013) BMC Genomics, 14, p. 71Keller, O., Kollmar, M., Stanke, M., Waack, S., A novel hybrid gene prediction method employing protein multiple sequence alignments (2011) Bioinformatics, 27, pp. 757-763Majoros, W.H., Pertea, M., Salzberg, S.L., TigrScan and GlimmerHMM: two open source ab initio eukaryotic gene-finders (2004) Bioinformatics, 20, pp. 2878-2879Haas, B.J., Delcher, A.L., Mount, S.M., Wortman, J.R., Smith, R.K., Hannick, L.I., Maiti, R., White, O., Improving the Arabidopsis genome annotation using maximal transcript alignment assemblies (2003) Nucleic Acids Res, 31, pp. 5654-5666Haas, B.J., Salzberg, S.L., Zhu, W., Pertea, M., Allen, J.E., Orvis, J., White, O., Wortman, J.R., Automated eukaryotic gene structure annotation using EVidenceModeler and the Program to assemble spliced alignments (2008) Genome Biol, 9, pp. R7Petersen, T.N., Brunak, S., von Heijne, G., Nielsen, H., SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions (2011) Nat Methods, 8, pp. 785-786TMHMM Server v. 2.0 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM-2.0/Rutherford, K., Parkhill, J., Crook, J., Horsnell, T., Rice, P., Rajandream, M.A., Barrell, B., Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation (2000) Bioinformatics, 16, pp. 944-945UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/InterPro: Protein sequence analysis and classification http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/Conesa, A., Götz, S., Blast2GO: a comprehensive suite for functional analysis in plant genomics (2008) Int J Plant Genomics, 2008, pp. 1-12SUCEST-FUN Project http://sucest-fun.org/MG-RAST: metagenomics analysis server http://metagenomics.anl.gov/KAAS - KEGG automatic annotation server http://www.genome.jp/kegg/kaas/Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods (2011) Mol Biol Evol, 28, pp. 2731-2739Lyons, E., Freeling, M., How to usefully compare homologous plant genes and chromosomes as DNA sequences (2008) Plant J, 53, pp. 661-673Hall, T.A., BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT (1999) Nucleic Acids Symp Ser, 41, pp. 95-98Geneious - Homepage http://www.geneious.com/Heslop-Harrison, P., Schwarzacher, T., (2000) Practical In Situ Hybridization, , Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers LtdAljanabi, S., Forget, L., Dookun, A., An improved and rapid protocol for the isolation of polysaccharide-and polyphenol-free sugarcane DNA (1999) Plant Mol Biol Report, 17, pp. 1-8Maq: Mapping and assembly with qualities http://maq.sourceforge.net/SeqMonk http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/seqmonk/Gasic, K., Hernandez, A., Korban, S.S., RNA extraction from different apple tissues rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides for cDNA (2004) Plant Mol Biol Report, 22 (DECEMBER), pp. 437a-437gLi, H., Durbin, R., Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 1754-1760Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Durbin, R., The sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 2078-2079Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J., CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice (1994) Nucleic Acids Res, 22, pp. 4673-4680Bandelt, H.J., Forster, P., Röhl, A., Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies (1999) Mol Biol Evol, 16, pp. 37-48Paterson, A.H., Freeling, M., Tang, H., Wang, X., Insights from the comparison of plant genome sequences (2010) Annu Rev Plant Biol, 61, pp. 349-37

Mortality due to cervical Cancer, 1996-2011, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Population-based quantitative study. This study's objectives were to examine the influence of regions, age, and time on cervical cancer mortality. We analyzed cervical cancer mortality rates in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil between 1996 and 2011. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System from the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2013. Data were analyzed based on descriptive epidemiology. Cervical cancer mortality rates ranged from 3.6 to 5.0/100,000 women. Rates were higher among older women, with the highest rates after the age of 70. Women's awareness regarding the importance of the Pap smear test in their health checkups may differ across ages and regions of residence. The frequency of Pap smears should change due to the trend of mortality rates observed over time