Consórcios de caupi e milho em cultivo orgânico para produção de grãos e espigas verdes.

No período de outono-inverno-primavera de 2007, foi conduzido um estudo em Seropédica, Região Metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro (Baixada Fluminense), com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes tipos de consórcio entre caupi (cv. Mauá) e milho (cv. AG-1051), em sistema orgânico de produção. O experimento foi instalado em área de Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes épocas ou intervalos de tempo de semeadura do caupi em relação à do milho, a saber: (E1) 21 dias antes do milho; (E2) 14 dias antes do milho; (E3) 7 dias antes do milho; e (E4) no mesmo dia do milho. Tratamentos correspondentes aos cultivos solteiros do caupi e do milho foram incluídos, ambos semeados na data do tratamento E4. O cultivo consorciado com o caupi não interferiu na produtividade do milho em espigas verdes e também em termos de comprimento e diâmetro basal dessas espigas, independentemente do intervalo entre semeaduras. Com referência ao caupi, a produtividade em grãos verdes no cultivo solteiro foi superior à dos consórcios com o milho. Os valores obtidos para os Índices de Equivalência de Área (IEA), foram todos acima de 1,0, indicando que os consórcios foram eficientes quanto ao desempenho agronômico/biológico. Considerando, ainda a produtividade de cada cultura participante do consórcio, a semeadura do caupi antecipada de 21 dias em relação à do milho afigura-se mais adequada ao manejo orgânico adotado e às condições edafoclimáticas da região

The use of promethazine to decrease the craving in alcohol dependent patients: Proposal of a randomized double-blind study controlled by placebo.

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Does the increase in locomotion induced by ethanol indicate its stimulant or anxiolytic properties?

The responses of mice to low doses of acutely and chronically administered ethanol (2.0 g/kg) and diazepam (2.0 mg/kg) were observed in the activity cages, the open field and the elevated plus-maze. After prolonged administration, ethanol significantly increased locomotion in the activity cages and the plus-maze. in the open field, an increase was only observed in the tests performed after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Ethanol increased the open-arm time in the plus-maze in all the tests, including after acute administration, suggesting an anxiolytic effect. Diazepam induced an anxiolytic effect after 14 days of daily injections but had no stimulant effect on locomotion. Moreover, after prolonged administration sensitization to the anxiolytic, but not to the stimulant effect, was observed. in short, the present paper's data support the hypothesis that the stimulant and anxiolytic effects of ethanol are probably being mediated by distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that drugs that lead to abusive use, such as ethanol, may act both as positive and negative reinforcement. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Sector Biol Sci, Dept Pharmacol, BR-81540970 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

HYPOGLYCEMIA and HYPOTHERMIA INDUCED BY ETHANOL - ANTAGONISM BY INDOMETHACIN

ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT PSICOBIOL,BR-04023 São Paulo,SP,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT PSICOBIOL,BR-04023 São Paulo,SP,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Increased brain dopamine D4-like binding after chronic ethanol is not associated with behavioral sensitization in mice

Dopaminergic D4 receptors have been hypothesized to be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and substance abuse. in mice. repeated ethanol administration may induce behavioral sensitization, a phenomenon of increased sensitivity to the drug's stimulant properties. This study aimed to analyze brain D4 receptors binding in mice with different levels of behavioral sensitization to ethanol. Male Swiss mice received 2.2 g/kg ethanol (n = 64) or saline (n = 16) intraperitoneally daily for 21 days and were weekly tested for locomotor activity and for blood ethanol levels. According to the locomotor scores presented across test days, ethanol-treated mice were classified as sensitized or nonsensitized. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, mice were sacrificed and brains were processed for autoradiography. Brain D4 binding was assessed by quantitative autoradiography using [H-3]nemonapride + raclopride in three groups: saline-treated controls (n = 10), ethanol-sensitized (n = 11), and ethanol-nonsensitized (n = 9) mice. Both sensitized and nonsensitized mice showed higher D4 binding densities than saline-treated controls in the posterior caudate-putamen and the olfactory tubercle (p < .02), but only sensitized mice presented higher D4 binding than controls at the lateral septal nucleus (p < .02). However, there were no differences between sensitized and nonsensitized mice in any of the brain regions analyzed. Furthermore, sensitized and nonsensitized mice presented similar blood ethanol levels during the treatment. the higher D4 binding levels observed in both ethanol-treated subgroups (sensitized and nonsensitized) suggest that chronic ethanol treatment may induce upregulation of D4 receptors in specific brain regions. However, this mechanism does not seem to be associated with the differential ability to develop behavioral sensitization to ethanol in mice. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Psychobiol Dept, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilCtr Addict & Mental Hlth, Neuroimaging Res Sect, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, CanadaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Psychobiol Dept, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Differences in brain receptors binding densities in mice susceptible or resistant to ethanol sensitization

UNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Booster effects and mechanisms of web-based personalised normative feedback alcohol intervention for college students: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

To evaluate the effects of booster and no booster versions of web-based alcohol Personalised Normative Feedback (PNF) and whether descriptive norms mediated and/or participant motivation moderated the effectiveness of the intervention in real world conditions (i.e. no financial incentives). Pragmatic randomised controlled trial with 1-, 3-, and 6-month assessments. Brazilian college students reporting alcohol use in the last 12 months (N=931) were recruited from May/2020 to December/2022 and allocated to 1) No booster/single PNF(S-PNF); 2) Booster/multiple PNF(M-PNF); or 3) Assessment-only control. We applied Helmert coding [1: Any intervention (S-PNF or M-PNF) vs. Control; and 2: S-PNF vs. M-PNF]. typical number of drinks/week and maximum number of drinks/week; secondary outcomes: drinking frequency and number of consequences. Three-months assessment was the primary interval. Descriptive norms were tested as mediator. Interest, importance, and readiness to change were examined as moderators. Compared to control, any intervention did not influence primary outcomes at 3-months or 6-months, but did at 1-month, when reduced typical drinking (IRR:0.77, 95%CI:0.66;0.90) and maximum number of drinks (IRR:0.69, 95%CI:0.58;0.82). There was an intervention effect on the consequences at 3-months. No differences were observed between S-PNF and M-PNF. No mediation effects were found at 3-months. At 6-months, there was an indirect effect on typical drinking through norms at 3-months (b=-0.82, 95%CI:-2.03;-0.12) and effects on maximum drinks through norms at 1-month (b=-0.54, 95%CI:-1.65;-0.02). No support for moderation was found. Intervention reduced alcohol drinking at 1 month only and was not effective thereafter. Mechanisms of effect remain unclear