Six-minute Walk Test As A Tool For Assessing The Quality Of Life In Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery [teste De Caminhada De Seis Minutos Como Ferramenta Para Avaliar A Qualidade De Vida Em Pacientes Submetidos à Cirurgia De Revascularização Miocárdica]

Objective: Evaluate the quality of life in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization using the sixminute walk test. Methods: This is a prospective observational study with patients undergoing CABG. We recorded the following clinical variables: the six-minute walk test and the SF- 36 test. The patients were evaluated at the preoperative time and at 2 months of the postoperative period. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and divided into two groups according to the 6-minute walking test: the group with a walking course of >350 meters and the group with a walking course of less than 350 meters at the preoperative time. Results: The study population included 87 patients. Mean age was similar in both groups (59 ± 9.5 years vs. 61 ± 9.3 years, respectively, P = 0.24). Distances walked were significantly longer in the group with a walking course of >350 meters compared to the group with a walking course of 350 meters in the preoperative period in the following domains: functional capabilities, limitations due to physical aspects, overall health feelings, vitality, and social aspects. Quality of life improved after two months in both groups. Conclusions: The six-minute walk test at the preoperative time is associated with the quality of life after two months of coronary artery bypass grafting. In overall, quality of life has improved in all patients. The improvement in the quality of life was greater in those patients with a walking course of >350 meters at the preoperative time.272231239Nery, R.M., Martini, M.R., Vidor, C.R., Mahmud, M.I., Zanini, M., Loureiro, A., Alterações na capacidade funcional de pacientes após dois anos da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (2010) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 25 (2), pp. 224-228Iglézias, J.C.R., Chi, A., Talans, A., Dallan, L.A.O., Lourenção Jr., A., Stolf, N.A.G., Desfechos clínicos pós-revascularização do miocárdio no paciente idoso (2010) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 25 (2), pp. 229-233Cantero, M.A., Almeida, R.M.S., Galhardo, R., Análise dos resultados imediatos da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com e sem circulação extracorpórea (2012) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 27 (1), pp. 38-44Noyez, L., de Jager, M.J., Markou, A.L., Quality of life after cardiac surgery: Under researched research (2011) Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 13 (5), pp. 511-514Bittar, O.J.N.V., Qualidade de vida após revascularização do miocárdio (1992) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 7 (1), pp. 1-8Monteiro, R., Braile, D.M., Brandau, R., Jatene, F.B., Qualidade de vida em foco (2010) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 25 (4), pp. 568-574Abelha, F.J., Santos, C.C., Barros, H., Quality of life before surgical ICU admission (2007) BMC Surg, 7, p. 23Helito, R.A., Branco, J.N., D'Innocenzo, M., Machado, R.C., Buffolo, E., Qualidade de vida dos candidatos a transplante de coração (2009) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 24 (1), pp. 50-57Peric, V., Borzanovic, M., Stolic, R., Jovanovic, A., Sovtic, S., Djikic, D., Quality of life in patients related to gender differences before and after coronary artery bypass surgery (2010) Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 10 (2), pp. 232-238Grady, K.L., Lee, R., Subacius, H., Malaisrie, S.C., McGee Jr., E.C., Kruse, J., Improvements in health-related quality of life before and after isolated cardiac operations (2011) Ann Thorac Surg, 91 (3), pp. 777-783Reesink, H.J., van der Plas, M.N., Verhey, N.E., van Steenwijk, R.P., Kloek, J.J., Bresser, P., Six-minute walk distance as parameter of functional outcome after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (2007) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 133 (2), pp. 510-516Bautmans, I., Lambert, M., Mets, T., The six-minute walk test in community dwelling elderly: Influence of health status (2004) BMC Geriatr, 4, p. 6Enright, P.L., McBurnie, M.A., Bittner, V., Tracy, R.P., McNamara, R., Arnold, A., The 6-min walk test: A quick measure of functional status in elderly adults (2003) Chest, 123 (2), pp. 387-398Opasich, C., de Feo, S., Pinna, G.D., Furgi, G., Pedretti, R., Scrutinio, D., Distance walked in the 6-minute test soon after cardiac surgery: Toward an efficient use in the individual patient (2004) Chest, 126 (6), pp. 1796-1801Ciconelli, R.M., Ferraz, M.B., Santos, W., Meinão, I., Quaresma, M.R., Tradução para a língua portuguesa e validação do questionário genérico de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Brasil SF- 36) (1999) Rev Bras Reumatol, 39 (3), pp. 143-150ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166 (1), pp. 111-117. , ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function LaboratoriesRostagno, C., Six-minute walk test: Independent prognostic marker? (2010) Heart, 96 (2), pp. 97-98Bittner, V., Weiner, D.H., Yusuf, S., Rogers, W.J., McIntyre, K.M., Bangdiwala, S.I., Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. SOLVD Investigators (1993) Jama, 270 (14), pp. 1702-1707de Feo, S., Tramarin, R., Lorusso, R., Faggiano, P., Six-minute walking test after cardiac surgery: Instructions for an appropriate use (2009) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 16 (2), pp. 144-149Terashima, K., Yoshimura, Y., Hirai, K., Kusaka, Y., QOL-associated factors in elderly patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery (2012) Environ Health Prev Med, 17 (2), pp. 131-138Rasekaba, T., Lee, A.L., Naughton, M.T., Williams, T.J., Holland, A.E., The six-minute walk test: A useful metric for the cardiopulmonary patient (2009) Intern Med J, 39 (8), pp. 495-501Cote, C.G., Casanova, C., Marin, J.M., Lopez, M.V., Pinto-Plata, V., de Oca, M.M., Validation and comparison of reference equations for the 6-min walk distance test (2008) Eur Respir J, 31 (3), pp. 571-578Hamilton, D.M., Haennel, R.G., Validity and reliability of the 6- minute walk test in a cardiac rehabilitation population (2000) J Cardiopulm Rehabil, 20 (3), pp. 156-164Lindquist, R., Dupuis, G., Terrin, M.L., Hoogwerf, B., Czajkowski, S., Herd, J.A., Comparison of health-related quality-of-life outcomes of men and women after coronary artery bypass surgery through 1 year: Findings from the POST CABG Biobehavioral Study (2003) Am Heart J, 146 (6), pp. 1038-1044. , POST CABG Biobehavioral Study InvestigatorsKapetanakis, E.I., Stamou, S.C., Petro, K.R., Hill, P.C., Boyce, S.W., Bafi, A.S., Comparison of the quality of life after conventional versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (2008) J Card Surg, 23 (2), pp. 120-125Gjeilo, K.H., Wahba, A., Klepstad, P., Lydersen, S., Stenseth, R., Recovery patterns and health-related quality of life in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A prospective study (2011) Eur J Cardiovasc NursNogueira, C.R.S.R., Hueb, W., Takiuti, M.E., Girardi, P.B.M.A., Nakano, T., Fernandes, F., Qualidade de vida após revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio com e sem circulação extracorpórea (2008) Arq Bras Cardiol, 91 (4), pp. 238-244Falcoz, P.E., Chocron, S., Stoica, L., Kaili, D., Puyraveau, M., Mercier, M., Open heart surgery: One-year self-assessment of quality of life and functional outcome (2003) Ann Thorac Surg, 76 (5), pp. 1598-160

Late Outcomes Of Mitral Repair In Rheumatic Patients [resultados Tardios Da Plastia Mitral Em Pacientes Reumáticos]

Introduction: The long-term results after surgical repair of rheumatic mitral valve remain controversial in literature. Our aim was to determine the predictive factors which impact the long-term results after isolated rheumatic mitral valve repair and to evaluate the effect of those factors on reoperation and late mortality. Methods: One hundred and four patients with rheumatic valve disease who had undergone mitral valve repair with or without tricuspid valve annuloplasty were included. All patients with associated procedures were excluded. The predictive variables for reoperation were assessed with Cox regression and Kaplan Meier survival curves. Results: The mean follow-up time was 63 ± 39 months (CI 95% 36 to 74 months). The functional class III and IV was observed in 65.4% of all patients. The posterior ring annuloplasty was performed in 33 cases, comissutoromy in21 cases, and comissurotomy with posterior ring annuloplasty in 50 patients. There was no operative mortality. The late mortality was 2.8% (three patients). The late reoperation was associated with residual mitral valve regurgitation after surgery (P<0.001), pulmonary hypertension at the preoperative time (P<0.001), age (P<0.04) and functional class at the post-operative time (P<0.001). We observed freedom from reoperation rates at 5 and 10 years of 91.2 ± 3.4% and 71.1 ± 9.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Repair of mitral valve in rheumatic valve disease is feasible with good long-term outcomes. Preoperative pulmonary hypertension, residual mitral valve regurgitation after surgery, age and functional class are predictors of late reoperation.264559564Sarris, G.E., Cahill, P.D., Hansen, D.E., Derby, G.C., Miller, D.C., Restoration of left ventricular systolic performance after reattachment of the mitral chordae tendineae. The importance of valvular-ventricular interaction (1988) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 95 (6), pp. 969-979Braile, D.M., Ardito, R.V., Pinto, G.H., Santos, J.L.V., Zaiantchick, M., Souza, D.R.S., (1990) Plástica Mitral. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 5 (2), pp. 86-98David, T.E., Armstrong, S., Sun, Z., Daniel, L., Late results of mitral valve repais for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease (1993) Ann Thorac Surg, 56 (1), pp. 7-12Petrucci Jr., O., Oliveira, P.P.M., Silveira, L.M., Passos, F.M., Vieira, R.W., Braile, D.M., Resultados a médio prazo de anuloplastia com órtese maleável de pericárdio bovino na insuficiência mitral reumática (1999) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 14 (2), pp. 105-108Duran, C.M., Gometza, B., Saad, E., Valve repair in rheumatic mitral disease: An unsolved problem (1994) J Card Surg, 9 (2 SUPPL.), pp. 282-285Pomerantzeff, P.M.A., Brandão, C.M.A., Cauduro, P., Puig, L.B., Grinberg, M., Tarasoutchi, F., Biopróteses de pericárdio bovino Fisics-Incor: 15 anos (1997) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 12 (4), pp. 359-366Gillinov, A.M., Cosgrove, D.M., Blackstone, E.H., Diaz, R., Arnold, J.H., Lytle, B.W., Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease (1998) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 116 (5), pp. 734-743Pomerantzeff, P.M.A., Brandão, C.M.A., Faber, C.M., Grinberg, M., Cardoso, L.F., Tarasoutchi, F., Plástica da valva mitral em portadores de febre reumática (1998) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 13 (3), pp. 211-215Fix, J., Isada, L., Cosgrove, D., Miller, D.P., Savage, R., Blum, J., Do patients with less than 'echo-perfect' results from mitral valve repair by intraoperative echocardiography have a different outcome? (1993) Circulation, 88 (5 PART 2), pp. II39-II48Yau, T.M., El-Ghoneimi, Y.A., Armstrong, S., Ivanov, J., David, T.E., Mitral valve repair and replacement for rheumatic disease (2000) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 119 (1), pp. 53-60Provenzano Junior, S.C., Sá, M.P.L., Bastos, E.S., Azevedo, J.A.P., Murad, H., Gomes, E.C., Plastia valvar mitral na doença cardíaca reumática e degeneração mixomatosa: Estudo comparativo (2002) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 17 (1), pp. 24-34Shuhaiber, J., Anderson, R.J., Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes following surgical mitral valve repair or replacement (2007) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 31 (2), pp. 267-275Fernandez, J., Joyce, D.H., Hirschfeld, K., Chen, C., Laub, G.W., Adkins, M.S., Factors affecting mitral valve reoperation in 317 survivors after mitral valve reconstruction (1992) Ann Thorac Surg, 54 (3), pp. 440-447Pomerantzeff, P.M., Brandão, C.M., Leite, F.O.A., Guedes, M.A., Silva, M.F., Grinberg, M., Mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients with mitral insuficiency: Twenty years of techniques and results (2009) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 24 (4), pp. 485-489Kalil, R.A.K., Cunha, B., Albrecht, A.S., Moreno, P., Abrahão, R., Prates, P.R., Comparative results of maze procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation in rheumatic and degenerative mitral valve disease (1999) Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc, 14 (3), pp. 191-199Chauvaud, S., Fuzellier, J.F., Berrebi, A., Deloche, A., Fabiani, J.N., Carpentier, A., Long-term (29 years) results of reconstructive surgery in rheumatic mitral valve insufficiency (2001) Circulation, 104 (12 SUPPL. 1). , I-12-

Conventional and Doppler ultrasonography on a goat with gangrenous mastitis

Objetivou-se descrever os achados clínicos e ultrassonográficos de uma cabra leiteira apresentando mastite gangrenosa. Com a ultrassonografia convencional, observaram-se alterações consistentes com o avanço do quadro clínico, como alterações na ecogenicidade do leite e parênquima mamário. A ultrassonografia Doppler revelou aumento da velocidade de pico sistólico nos três momentos estudados, passando de 15 para 17 e 29cm/s. Houve redução, também, dos valores do índice de resistência, de 0,71 para 0,61 e 0,43. O índice de pulsatividade sofreu redução entre o segundo e o terceiro dia de observação, passando de 0,98 para 0,71. Foi possível estabelecer relação direta entre os achados ultrassonográficos e a gravidade da doença. A ultrassonografia convencional e Doppler podem ser utilizadas para o estudo hemodinâmico do úbere de cabras leiteiras, favorecendo diagnóstico e prognóstico de alterações nesse órgão.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRAUNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasFAPESP: 2012/09820-8FAPESP: 2011/15865-

Germinação de aquênios de Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C.(Asteraceae) Germination of Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) achene

Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. (Asteraceae) é uma espécie arbustiva dióica que apresenta características invasoras e colonizadoras e potencial para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Estudou-se o comportamento germinativo de aquênios de Baccharis dracunculifolia recém coletados e estocados por um ano. Aquênios coletados em 1998 foram postos para germinar em quatro repetições de 25 aquênios nas temperaturas de 15&ordm;, 20&ordm;, 25&ordm; e 30ºC sob luz ou escuro contínuo, enquanto que os coletados em 1997 germinaram a 20&ordm; e a 25ºC. As médias de germinação e o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) foram calculados para responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) Como varia o comportamento germinativo dos aquênios de B. dracunculifolia sob diferentes condições de luz e temperatura? (b) Existe relação entre o número total de aquênios germinados e o IVE? (c) O armazenamento afeta as porcentagens de germinação? Os aquênios que germinaram a 15ºC na presença e na ausência de luz e a 20ºC na luz obtiveram porcentagens de germinação significativamente maiores que os aquênios que germinaram sob os demais tratamentos (p < 0,05). Também foi verificada a relação positiva entre o IVE e as porcentagens de germinação dos aquênios de B. dracunculifolia (y = 0,0802x - 0,0386; r² = 0,91; p < 0,05), sendo os maiores IVE's encontrados para os aquênios que germinaram a 15&ordm; e a 20ºC sob luz e a 15ºC no escuro. O armazenamento dos aquênios afetou significativamente apenas as porcentagens de germinação à temperatura de 20ºC na luz (p < 0,05).<br>We studied the germination of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), achene, a species that has colonizing traits, which makes it a potential candidate for forest rehabilitation. Achenes were collected in 1998 and were germinated at 15&ordm;, 20&ordm;, 25&ordm; and 30ºC under continuous light, and darkness conditions with four replicates with 25 achenes in each. We had also collected achenes in 1997, ând they were germinated at 20&ordm; and 25&ordm;C, under the same conditions. The mean germination rate and emergency velocity index (EVI) were calculated to answer the following questions: (a) How does the germination behavior of B. dracunculifolia's achenes vary under different temperature and light conditions? (b) Is there any relationship between the total number of germinated achenes and the EVI? (c) How does achene storage affect the germination rate? Achenes that germinated at 15&ordm;C both under light and dark conditions and at 20&ordm;C under light achieved significantly higher germination rates than achenes that germinated in the other treatments (p < 0.05). Achenes of B. dracunculifolia showed a positive relationship between EVI and germination rates (y = 0.0802x - 0.0386, r² = 0.91, p < 0.05). Higher EVI's were found among achenes that germinated at 15&ordm; and 20&ordm;C under light and 15&ordm;C under dark treatments. Storage only affected the germination rates at 20&ordm;C under light condition (p < 0.05)

Eficiência e seletividade dos herbicidas trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryne e hexazinone + diuron em função da tecnologia de aplicação e do manejo mecânico da palha de cana-de-açúcar na linha de plantio Efficiency and selectivity of trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne and hexazinone + diuron herbicide as a result of application technology and mechanical management of sugarcane straw in the crop row

Com objetivo de otimizar a utilização de trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryne e hexazinone + diuron em função da adoção de diferentes pontas de pulverização e manejo mecânico da palha de cana-de-açúcar na linha de plantio, dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Destilaria Parálcool S/A, localizada em Paraguaçu Paulista/SP. No experimento 1, 12 tratamentos foram estudados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, com quatro repetições, contrastando a presença e ausência de palha da cana na linha de plantio; dos herbicidas trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne (37 + 1.463 g i.a. ha-1 e 0,2% v/v de Aterbane®) e hexazinone + diuron (330 + 1.170 g i.a. ha-1 e 0,2% v/v de Aterbane®) e das pontas de pulverização XR11002-VS (128 L ha-1), AI11002-VS (200 L ha-1) e TF-VP5 (310 L ha-1). No experimento 2, a deposição da calda de pulverização nas plantas de cana-de-açúcar e Digitaria horizontalis, gerada pelas interações entre herbicidas e pontas, foi monitorada utilizando-se solução traçadora constituída por corante FDC-1 + herbicida. Os resultados sugerem que a presença da palhada da cultura proporcionou controle excelente das espécies infestantes mesmo na ausência do tratamento herbicida. O controle químico de D. horizontalis (6 folhas até 1-2 perfilhos) e Brachiaria decumbens (2 a 6 folhas) apresentou-se eficiente (> 91%) nas linhas sem palha a partir dos 14 DAA (dias após aplicação) para os herbicidas e pontas de pulverização estudados. D. horizontalis foi mais rapidamente controlada aos 7 DAA pelo trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryne com a ponta AI11002-VS. Houve toxicidade até os 21 DAA, sendo esta mais intensa para os tratamentos com hexazinone + diuron associado com as pontas AI11002-VS e TF-VP5, em decorrência da maior deposição do herbicida nas folhas da cultura.<br>Aiming to optimize the use of trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne and hexazinone + diuron following adoption of different spray nozzles and sugarcane straw management in the crop row, two experiments were conducted at Parálcool Sugar Mill S/A in Paraguaçu Paulista/SP. In Experiment 1, twelve treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme were performed, with four replications to evaluate the presence and absence of sugarcane straw in the crop row, and use of the herbicides trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne (37 + 1463 g ha-1 and 0.2% v/v of Aterbaneâ) and diuron + hexazinone (330 + 1170 g ha-1 and 0.2% v/v of Aterbaneâ) and spray nozzles XR11002-VS (128 L ha-1), AI11002-VS (200 L ha-1) and TF-VP5 (310 L ha 1). In Experiment 2, The application of spraying solution on sugarcane and Digitaria horizontalis plants, generated by the combination of the herbicides and the spray nozzles, was monitored by using a tracer solution constituted by coloring FDC-1 + herbicide. The results suggest that the crop straw provided excellent control of the infesting species, even in the absence of herbicide treatment. For D. horizontalis (6 leaves to 1-2 tillers) and Brachiaria decumbens (2 to 6 leaves) chemical control was efficient (>91%) in the rows without straw, after 14 DAA (days after application) for the herbicides and spray nozzles studied. D. horizontalis was more quickly controlled at 7 DAA by using trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne with AI11002-VS spray nozzle. Crop injury was observed up to 21 DAA, becoming more intense when diuron + hexazinone combinedwith AI11002-VS and TF-VP5 nozzle were used, due to higher herbicide deposition on the crop leaves