Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effects of sealants in preventing pit and fissure caries in primary molars.</p

Parasitic infections and their tissue response: a histopathological study

Background: Many pathogenic organisms including parasites cause inflammatory lesions and microscopic findings are useful tool for the aetiological diagnosis. The causes of parasite induced tissue damage can either be due to the physical pressure exerted by the parasites or the toxic secretory products which may lead to hypersensitivity reactions. The commonly encountered tissue responses are eosinophilic infiltration, abscess formation and granulomatous inflammation. Main objective of the study is to study the parasitic infections involving various tissues and organs and to assess the tissue response elicited against these parasites.Methods: The histopathologically diagnosed parasitic infections over a period of 7 years from January 2007 to December 2013 were analysed.  The histological identification of parasite and tissue reaction was evaluated in correlation with clinical presentation. Enterobius vermicularis which is the most common parasitic infestation in appendix was excluded from the study.Results: Over a period of 7 years 9 cases of parasitic infections were found. These include 2 cases each of filariasis, cysticercosis, and hydatid cyst, and 1 case each of ascaris enteritis, amoebic colitis, and conjunctival parasite. The specific tissue reactions included eosinophilic infiltrate in filariasis and ascaris enteritis and xanthogranulomatous reaction in cysticercosis.Conclusions: Among the 9 cases only 2 hydatid cysts and one genital filariasis were clinically diagnosed. Remaining cases were incidentally found only on the histopathological examination. This emphasises that careful histopathological examination is essential for the diagnosis of these lesions to provide specific treatment for the patients.

Systematising troubleshooting of disputes in network

With the growing network size, virtualization everywhere, it is getting more difficult to configure and manage the network devices. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a way to address these problems. Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) is the Cisco’s solution to SDN, with centralized automation and policy-driven application profiles. If there is any bug in the network or problem with the expected functionality of the network, ACI cases are opened in the Technical Assistance Centre (TAC) for troubleshooting the issue. Engineers currently troubleshoot ACI cases manually by using Command Line Interface (CLI) and trace for different events triggered by the policy pushes by logs generated at different stages of the ACI and from different servers responsible for this, which indeed is a very tedious, time consuming task and is prone to manual errors. This paper describes a way to automate the entire ACI troubleshooting process with the user-friendly GUI which can show the entire information needed for troubleshooting by extracting relevant information at every layer. By making use of FSM models the proposed solution can be extended to other areas which involve log analysis using CLI to extract relevant information and is not just limited to ACI

Erratum: Author Correction: Identification of genes required for eye development by high-throughput screening of mouse knockouts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0226-0.]

RATIO OF TRIGLYCERIDES TO HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND MARKERS OF LIVER INJURY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Objectives: The present study was done to evaluate and compare the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio in subjects with diabetesmellitus (DM) and diabetic prone subjects (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) with normal subjects without diabetes. An attempt was also made tocorrelate TG/HDL with markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).Methods: Lab data of 496 patients attending Pushpagiri medical health checkup were obtained. The subjects were grouped into DM: (fasting plasmaglucose &gt;126 mg/dl), IGT: (Fasting plasma glucose: 110-126 mg/dl) and normal: (fasting plasma glucose &lt; 110 mg/dl).Results: Statistically significant difference were observed in levels of TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TG/HDL ratio, AST, ALP between diabetes, IGTand normal subjects. Statistical significance within the groups was tested using post-hoc Analysis. The level of TG and TG/HDL ratio was significantlyhigher in subjects with DM compared to normal subjects. The mean value of total cholesterol and LDL-C was found to be higher in normal subjectsthan in DM and IGT. AST, ALP values were found to be significantly higher in subjects with IGT than normal subjects.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that TG and TG/HDL ratio were high in DM and IGT than subjects with normal plasma glucose. Liverinjury marker enzymes were found to be high in IGT and is correlated with TG/HDL ratio in DM.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Impaired glucose tolerance, Hypertriglyceridemia, Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio, Markers of liver injury

Comparison Of Dental Caries Experience Among 35-40 Year Old Population Using Dmft And Dmfs Index - An Institution Based Cross Sectional Study

In recent years, there is much higher prevalence and severity of dental caries. Even the countries which had low incidence of dental caries have been experiencing an increase in the prevalence of caries. Patterns of dental caries distribution have also been changed over the years with a small group of people representing the high-risk minority. Therefore a more detailed epidemiological study on prevalence of dental caries is required. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence and compare dental caries of 35 to 40 year old population visiting a private dental college using DMFT and DMFS indexes. A total of 954 who visited Saveetha dental college from the period of June 2019 to March 2020 were included in the study. Demographic details were collected. The caries experience of the 35 to 40 year old population was evaluated using the DMFT and DMFS indexes. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Software Version 20.0. Independent t test was used to compare the mean DMFT and DMFS score with age and gender respectively. The results revealed that the mean DMFT score in females (7.99±0.19) was more than males (6.47±0.16) and this was highly significant (p value- 0.00). Mean DMFS score was also higher in females (24.11± 0.74) than males and this was also highly significant (p value-0.00). Females were found to be more prone to dental caries with high prevalence found among the 38-40 years age group with respect to both DMFT and DMFS scores. More awareness must be created among the population about the incidence of caries and early restorative procedures to prevent further loss

Ipilimumab administration for advanced melanoma in patients with pre-existing Hepatitis B or C infection: a multicenter, retrospective case series

Ipilimumab is a fully human, monoclonal antibody directed against Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) that has demonstrated a survival benefit and durable disease control in patients with advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab is associated with potentially serious immune-related adverse events, including autoimmune hepatitis. Because clinical trials of ipilimumab excluded patients with pre-existing hepatitis B or C infection, there is a paucity of data on the safety of ipilimumab administration to that patient population. Here, we report the largest case series to date of patients with hepatitis B or C who received ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. Two of the nine patients described in this case series experienced fluctuations in their liver function tests (LFTs) and were subsequently treated with corticosteroids. Although this is a small series, the rate of hepatotoxicity appears similar to what has been seen in the general population treated with ipilimumab, and the ability to administer ipilimumab did not appear to be affected by concomitant hepatitis B or C infection. The use of ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma who have pre-existing hepatitis can be considered among other therapeutic options

Transient wall shear stress estimation in coronary bifurcations using convolutional neural networks

Background and Objective: Haemodynamic metrics, such as blood flow induced shear stresses at the inner vessel lumen, are associated with the development and progression of coronary artery disease. Understanding these metrics may therefore improve the assessment of an individual's coronary disease risk. However, the calculation of such luminal Wall Shear Stress (WSS) using traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods is relatively slow and computationally expensive. As a result, CFD based haemodynamic computation is not suitable for integrated and large-scale use in clinical settings. Methods: In this work, deep learning techniques are proposed as an alternative method to CFD, whereby luminal WSS magnitude can be predicted in coronary bifurcations throughout the cardiac cycle based on the steady state solution (which takes <120 seconds to calculate including preprocessing), vessel geometry and additional global features. The deep learning model is trained on a dataset of 101 patient-specific and 2626 synthetic left main bifurcation models with 26 separate patient-specific cases used as the test set. Results: The model showed high fidelity predictions with <5% (normalised against mean WSS magnitude) deviation to CFD derived values as the gold-standard method, while being orders of magnitude faster with on average <2 minutes versus 3 hours computation for transient CFD. Conclusions: This method therefore offers a new approach to substantially reduce the computational cost involved in, for example, large-scale population studies of coronary haemodynamic metrics, and may therefore open the pathway for future clinical integration

Education 5.0: Integrating ICT for Future-Ready Learning Environments

The rapid progression of technology has fundamentally altered educational growth, resulting in Edu 5.0—a framework that prioritizes the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to create a future-oriented learning environment. This paper analyzes the principles and practices of Education 5.0, highlighting the critical role of ICT in enabling personalized, collaborative, and interactive learning. We examine innovative digital educational resources aimed at improving student engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. We examine the effectiveness of ICT integration in many educational settings through case studies and empirical research, highlighting the potential and problems faced by educators and institutions. The study examines the implications of Exhibit 5.0 for policymakers, highlighting the importance of deliberate investments in infrastructure, training, and curriculum. This study seeks to promote dialogue on student rehabilitation to tackle the challenges of a rapidly changing environment. Education 5.0 is an innovative learning paradigm that integrates advanced technology to create future-ready educational environments. This paradigm shift highlights the significance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in facilitating tailored, learner-fixed experiences. Educators may prepare students with the requisite abilities to makeover the complexities of the 21st-century workforce by employing digital technologies to foster cooperation, critical thinking, and creativity; in this regard, ICT plays a crucial role in enhancing engagement and accessibility. Students can obtain information at any time and from any location via virtual classrooms, online resources, and interactive platforms, thereby promoting lifelong learning. The educational experience is augmented by the incorporation of artificial intelligence, data analytics, and virtual reality, facilitating the  development of individualized learning pathways adapted to the distinct needs and preferences of everyone. Education 5.0 emphasizes the importance of soft skills, such as emotional intelligence and communication, which are crucial for success in a rapidly changing employment market. By integrating these competencies into the curriculum, educators can ensure that students are not only technically adept but also possess the interpersonal skills necessary for collaboration in many situations