“Nonsense Rides Piggyback on Sensible Things”: The Past, Present, and Future of Graphology

“Nonsense rides piggyback on sensible things”, declares professional sceptic and questioned-document analyst Joe Nickell concerning graphology. This chapter examines graphology’s enduring allure and reach, despite its controversies, and considers its relationship with other types of handwriting analysis. It first asks: is it possible to metaphorically “dissect” the page of handwritten texts, to scrutinize writing as a “medical paratext” rich in information about the writer’s state of health? It then interrogates the nature of the connection between physical and mental states and handwriting. It demonstrates how academics are going “back to basics” with their enquiries into individual difference and handwriting features, and how digital methodologies are contributing to this. Thus, this chapter is an updated study of graphology, providing a wider understanding of the concept of the paratext by considering the information captured in handwriting in the context of a digital age

The Liver Plays a Major Role in Clearance and Destruction of Blood Trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma cruzi Chronically Infected Mice

Intravenous challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi can be used to investigate the process and consequences of blood parasite clearance in experimental Chagas disease. One hour after intravenous challenge of chronically infected mice with 5×106 trypomastigotes, the liver constituted a major site of parasite accumulation, as revealed by PCR. Intact parasites and/or parasite remnants were visualized at this time point scattered in the liver parenchyma. Moreover, at this time, many of liver-cleared parasites were viable, as estimated by the frequency of positive cultures, which considerably diminished after 48 h. Following clearance, the number of infiltrating cells in the hepatic tissue notably increased: initially (at 24 h) as diffuse infiltrates affecting the whole parenchyma, and at 48 h, in the form of large focal infiltrates in both the parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Phenotypic characterization of liver-infiltrating cells 24 h after challenge revealed an increase in Mac1+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells, followed by natural killer (NK) cells. As evidence that liver-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ cells were activated, increased frequencies of CD69+CD8+, CD69+CD4+ and CD25+CD122+CD4+ cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after challenge, and of CD25−CD122+CD4+ cells at 48 h. The major role of CD4+ cells in liver protection was suggested by data showing a very high frequency of interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ cells 24 h after challenge. In contrast, liver CD8+ cells produced little IFN-γ, even though they showed an enhanced potential for secreting this cytokine, as revealed by in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Confirming the effectiveness of the liver immune response in blood parasite control during the chronic phase of infection, no live parasites were detected in this organ 7 days after challenge

How are antibodies involved in the protective mechanism of susceptible mice infected with T. cruzi?

Host resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi is dependent on both natural and acquired immune responses. During the acute phase of the infection the presence of IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-12 and GM-CSF has been closely associated with resistance, whereas TGF-ß and IL-10 have been associated with susceptibility. Several investigators have demonstrated that antibodies are responsible for the survival of susceptible animals in the initial phase of infection and for the maintenance of low levels of parasitemia in the chronic phase. However, how this occurs is not yet understood. Our results and other data in the literature support the hypothesis that the protective role of antibodies in the acute phase of infection is dependent mostly on their ability to induce removal of bloodstream trypomastigotes from the circulation in addition to other concomitant cell-mediated events

Determinants of director compensation in two-tier systems: evidence from German panel data

Building on a unique panel data set of German Prime Standard companies for the period 2005-2008, this paper investigates the influencing factors of both director compensation levels and structure, i.e. the probability of performance-based compensation. Drawing on agency theory arguments and previous literature, we analyze a comprehensive group of determinants, including detailed corporate performance, ownership and board characteristics. While controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, we find director compensation to be set in ways consistent with optimal contracting theory. I.e. compensation is systematically structured to mitigate agency conflicts and to encourage effective monitoring. Thus, our results indicate that similar types of agency conflicts exist in the German two-tier setting

The Role of Education vis-a-vis Job Experience in Explaining the Transitions to Employment in the Spanish Youth Labour Market

Unemployment duration, Transition from school to work, C41, J24, J64, I20,

Immunosuppressive drugs as a tool to explore immunopathology in experimental Chagas disease

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-06-07T12:55:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KatiaS_Calabrese_IOC_1999.pdf: 38451 bytes, checksum: 8ff072aabd0a77c14ab182f9a4301727 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-06-07T13:07:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KatiaS_Calabrese_IOC_1999.pdf: 38451 bytes, checksum: 8ff072aabd0a77c14ab182f9a4301727 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-07T13:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KatiaS_Calabrese_IOC_1999.pdf: 38451 bytes, checksum: 8ff072aabd0a77c14ab182f9a4301727 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Protozoologia. Laboratório de Immunomodulação. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil