Solution processable multi-channel ZnO nanowire field-effect transistors with organic gate dielectric

The present work focuses on nanowire (NW) applications as semiconducting elements in solution processable field-effect transistors (FETs) targeting large-area low-cost electronics. We address one of the main challenges related to NW deposition and alignment by using dielectrophoresis (DEP) to select multiple ZnO nanowires with the correct length, and to attract, orientate and position them in predefined substrate locations. High-performance top-gate ZnO NW FETs are demonstrated on glass substrates with organic gate dielectric layers and surround source–drain contacts. Such devices are hybrids, in which inorganic multiple single-crystal ZnO NWs and organic gate dielectric are synergic in a single system. Current–voltage (I–V) measurements of a representative hybrid device demonstrate excellent device performance with high on/off ratio of ~107, steep subthreshold swing (s-s) of ~400 mV/dec and high electron mobility of ~35 cm2 V−1 s−1 in N2 ambient. Stable device operation is demonstrated after 3 months of air exposure, where similar device parameters are extracted including on/off ratio of ~4 × 106, s-s ~500 mV/dec and field-effect mobility of ~28 cm2 V−1 s−1. These results demonstrate that DEP can be used to assemble multiples of NWs from solvent formulations to enable low-temperature hybrid transistor fabrication for large-area inexpensive electronics

Incorporating intraspecific trait variation into functional diversity: Impacts of selective logging on birds in Borneo

1. As conservation increasingly recognises the importance of species’ functional roles in ecosystem processes, studies are shifting away from measuring species richness towards measures that account for the functional differences between species in a community. These functional diversity (FD) indices have received much recent attention and refinement, but their greatest limitation remains their inability to incorporate information about intraspecific trait variation (ITV). 2. We use an individual-based model to account for ITV when calculating the functional diversity of two avian communities in Borneo; one in primary (unlogged) forest and one in selectively logged forest. We deal with the scarcity of trait data for individual species by developing a simulation approach, taking data from the literature where necessary. Using a bootstrapping procedure, we produce a range of ecologically feasible FD values taking account of ITV for five commonly-used FD indices, and we quantify the confidence that can be placed in these values using a newly-developed bootstrapping method: btFD. 3. We found that incorporating ITV significantly altered the FD values of all indices used in our models. The rank order of FD for the two communities, indicating whether diversity was higher in primary or selectively logged forest, was largely unchanged by the inclusion of ITV. However, by accounting for ITV, we were able to reveal previously unrecognized impacts of selective logging on avian functional diversity through a narrower dispersion of individuals in functional trait space in logged forest. 4. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating ITV into measures of functional diversity, whilst our simulation approach addresses the frequently encountered difficulty of working with sparse trait data and quantifies the confidence that should be placed in such findings

Significant individual variation between pathologists in the evaluation of colon cancer specimens after complete mesocolic excision

Background: After the introduction of complete mesocolic excision, a new pathological evaluation of the resected colon cancer specimen was introduced. This concept has quickly gained acceptance and is often used to compare surgical quality. The grading of colon cancer specimens is likely to depend on both surgical quality and the training of the pathologist. Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the principles of the pathological evaluation of colon cancer specimens. Design: This was an exploratory study. Settings: The study was conducted in Aarhus, Denmark, and Leeds, United Kingdom. Patients: Colon cancers specimens were used. Main outcome measures: The agreement of gradings between participants was of interest. Four specialist GI pathologists and 2 abdominal surgeons evaluated 2 rounds of colon cancer specimens, each at 2 separate time points. Each round contained 50 specimens. After the first round, a protocol of detailed principles for the grading procedure was agreed on. Results from an experienced pathologist were considered as the reference results. Results: In the first round, the distribution of gradings between participants showed substantial variation. In the second round, the variation was reduced. Intraobserver agreement was mostly fair to good, whereas interobserver agreement was frequently poor. This did not significantly change from round 1 to round 2. Limitations: The small sample size of 100 specimens provided a very small number of specimens resected in the muscularis propria plane, which renders the evaluation of this group potentially unreliable. The evaluations were made on photos and not on fresh specimens. Conclusions: This study demonstrates significant variation in the pathological evaluation of colon cancer specimens. It demonstrates that it cannot be used in clinical studies, and care should be taken when comparing results between different hospitals

Comparison of the solophenyl-red polarization method and the immunohistochemical analysis for collagen type III

In the present study, we have compared the staining pattern of the Solophenyl-Red 3 BL-method for the visualization of collagen type III with the immunohistochemical staining in serial sections from 7 skin wounds (wound age 3 days up to 4 weeks) to elucidate the specifity of the histochemical staining method. Large amounts of collagen type III were clearly detectable in the investigated wounds using the immunohistochemical technique. In the sections stained with Solophenyl-Red, however, only 3 out of 7 skin lesions showed a significant positive red staining at the wound margin or in the granulation tissue, while the adjacent normal connective tissue revealed a typical intensive staining. Using polarization microscopy no characteristic bright green fibrils, as reported for collagen type 111, could be seen in the wound areas without positive Solophenyl-Red staining. Since the localization of collagen type III detected by immunohistochemistry and the presumed distribution of this collagen type by the Solophenyl-Red method was not identical, the histochemical polarization method has to be regarded as non-specific for visualization of this collagen type

PERLINDUNGAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DALAM HUKUM ISLAM

Biodiversity is one of the components of the environment which plays an important role in shaping the ecosystem that provides life support on Earth. For that reason, the efforts to provide protection is necessary. Islam is very much aware of the important role of biodiversity, therefore Islam have participated in biodiversity protection through Islamic law. The protection of biodiversity in Islamic law demonstrated by the various rules derived from the Quran, hadith and fatwas of the scholars as well as demonstrated by the existence of conservation institution known as Hima and Zone Harim. Indonesia as the country with the second greatest biodiversity in the world and a country with a largest Muslim majority population in the world have an important role to develop and utilize the Islamic legal tradition in the protection of biodiversity in the scope of the provisions of national in order to increase the participation of Muslims globally in protection and preservation activities of the environment, especially biodiversity.Keyword : protection, biodiversity, islamic law, hima, harim zon

Suspension Representation Project, New Advocate TRAINING

Do you want to develop your oral advocacy skills as a 1L? Come join us if you are interested in criminal justice, juvenile justice, access to education, or civil rights?https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/flyers-2017-2018/1004/thumbnail.jp

Optical fall detection with Asynchronous Temporal-Contrast Vision Sensors for independently living older people

Several studies have presented different issues of an ageing population including the need of enhancing care systems for older people using smart technologies. Falling accidents have a significant impact on healthy life expectancy and are a major problem among independently living older people. This paper presents a solution of the fall detection problem utilizing bio-inspired asynchronous temporal-contrast sensors and neural networks, realizing automated, robust, reliable and unobtrusive fall-detection. A noise reduction scheme suited to the unique nature of the sensor is presented, enabling their use in various applications in addition to fall detection. The process of transforming raw sensor output to a suitable neural network input is also described, along with the neural network creation process, including structure selection, training data assembly, and training algorithm selection for a truly large-scale network

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Respiratory physiotherapy in neurology

U velké části neurologických onemocnění se na první místo příčin úmrtí řadí pneumonie. Respirační fyzioterapie patří mezi nefarmakologické možnosti pro podporu hygieny dýchacích cest. Současný stav poznání respirační fyzioterapie u neurologických pacientů však není uspokojivý. Cílem této práce bylo ověření efektivity rezistentního tréninku výdechového svalstva (RTVS) u tří neurologických onemocnění: roztroušené sklerózy (RS), Parkinsonovy nemoci (PN) a multisystémové atrofie (MSA). Výsledky této práce ukazují: 1) u pacientů s RS vedl RTVS k významnému zvýšení síly výdechového svalstva a síly vědomě navozeného kašle. Prokázali jsme tedy, že RTVS představuje efektivní metodu respirační fyzioterapie v podpoře hygieny dýchacích cest u pacientů s RS. 2) U pacientů s PN jsme nejprve v demografické studii zjistili, že současný model fyzioterapeutické péče o tyto pacienty není v České republice optimální, nedochází k dostatečnému využívání technik respirační fyzioterapie, a je tedy zapotřebí jeho reorganizace. 3) Pro potřeby podpory adherence pacientů s PN v domácím RTVS vytvořili a patentovali mobilní aplikaci SpiroGym, která poskytuje vizuální zpětnou vazbu při tréninku a zasílá výsledky tréninku přes zabezpečený server přímo terapeutovi pro telemedicínské potřeby. V pilotní studii jsme ověřili její...Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in a large proportion of neurological diseases. Respiratory physiotherapy serves as a non-pharmacological option for supporting airway hygiene. However, current awareness of respiratory physiotherapy in neurological patients is not satisfactory. The aim of this thesis is to verify the effectiveness of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) in three neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The results of this thesis show: 1) EMST led to a significant increase in expiratory muscle strength and voluntary peak cough flow in patients with MS. Therefore, we have shown that EMST is an effective method of respiratory physiotherapy in promoting airway hygiene in patients with MS. 2) We found in a demographic study that the PD healthcare model in Czechia is suboptimal. The utilization of a respiratory physiotherapy is low, and therefore its reorganization is needed. 3) We developed and patented a mobile application SpiroGym which provides visual feedback during training and sends the training results via a secure server directly to the therapist for telemedicine needs. In a pilot study, we verified its feasibility in patients with PD. The study results indicate that EMST coupled with the SpiroGym...Department of Neurology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in PragueNeurologická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin