Seasonal Fluctuations of Astrovirus, But Not Coronavirus Shedding in Bats Inhabiting Human-Modified Tropical Forests

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are considered a major threat to global health. Most EIDs appear to result from increased contact between wildlife and humans, especially when humans encroach into formerly pristine habitats. Habitat deterioration may also negatively affect the physiology and health of wildlife species, which may eventually lead to a higher susceptibility to infectious agents and/or increased shedding of the pathogens causing EIDs. Bats are known to host viruses closely related to important EIDs. Here, we tested in a paleotropical forest with ongoing logging and fragmentation, whether habitat disturbance influences the occurrence of astro- and coronaviruses in eight bat species. In contrast to our hypothesis, anthropogenic habitat disturbance was not associated with corona- and astrovirus detection rates in fecal samples. However, we found that bats infected with either astro- or coronaviruses were likely to be coinfected with the respective other virus. Additionally, we identified two more risk factors influencing astrovirus shedding. First, the detection rate of astroviruses was higher at the beginning of the rainy compared to the dry season. Second, there was a trend that individuals with a poor body condition had a higher probability of shedding astroviruses in their feces. The identification of risk factors for increased viral shedding that may potentially result in increased interspecies transmission is important to prevent viral spillovers from bats to other animals, including humans

Tratamento cirúrgico do adenocarcinoma de reto por laparoscopia e por acesso convencional: estudo comparativo de tempo cirúrgico, complicações pós-operatórias, radicalidade oncológica e sobrevida

OBJECTIVE: To compare two surgical routes (laparoscopic and conventional) for the treatment of rectal cancer with regard to postoperative complications, oncological radicality and survival. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 84 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Barretos Cancer Hospital between 2000 and 2003. Only individuals who underwent elective operations with curative intent were included. The surgical approach was subjectively chosen rather than by location of the tumor. RESULTS: The laparoscopic access was used by 50% of patients. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the two groups regarding age, sex, topography, staging, neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment, number of dissected lymph nodes, size of surgical specimen, surgical margins, blood transfusions, postoperative complication rates, hospital stay and overall survival. Surgical time was longer in the laparoscopic group (median: 210x127, 5 min, P 0,05) entre os dois grupos em relação à: idade, sexo, topografia, estádio, tratamento neoadjuvante e adjuvante, número de linfonodos regionais dissecados, tamanho da peça cirúrgica, margens cirúrgicas, transfusões de sangue, taxas de complicações pós-operatórias, dias de hospitalização e a taxa de sobrevida global. O tempo cirúrgico foi maior no grupo laparoscópico (mediana: 210x127,5min, P<0,001). Houve diminuição do tempo cirúrgico com o aumento do número de laparoscopias realizadas pela equipe (rho: -0,387, P=0,020). CONCLUSÃO: As vias laparoscópica e convencional, para o tratamento de câncer de reto, foram equivalentes em relação às complicações pós-operatórias, radicalidade oncológica e sobrevida. Contudo, o tempo cirúrgico foi maior no grupo da laparoscopia.Hospital de Câncer de BarretosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL