Ethnic differences in the association of fat and lean mass with bone mineral density in the Singapore population

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Where It’s at Really Matters: In Situ In Vivo Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Spatially Correlates with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance pO2 Images in Tumors of Living Mice

Purpose: Tumor microenvironments show remarkable tumor pO_{2} heterogeneity, as seen in prior EPR pO_{2} images (EPROI). pO_{2} correlation with hypoxia response proteins is frustrated by large rapid pO2 changes with position. Procedures: To overcome this limitation, biopsies stereotactically located in the EPROI were used to explore the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) concentrations in living mouse tumors and the local EPROI pO_{2}. Results: Quantitative ELISA VEGF concentrations correlated (p = 0.0068 to 0.019) with mean pO_{2}, median pO_{2}, and the fraction of voxels in the biopsy volume with pO_{2} less than 3, 6, and 10 Torr. Conclusions: This validates EPROI hypoxic fractions at the molecular level and provides a new paradigm for the assessment of the relationship, in vivo, between hypoxia and hypoxia response proteins. When translated to human subjects, this will enhance understanding of human tumor pathophysiology and cancer response to therapy

A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector