Fortified foods with Sangkap Pinoy Seal and the micronutrient intake among selected households in Punta, Sta. Ana, Manila, Philippines : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutritional Science, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University

Text in English with some TagalogThis study evaluated the food fortification program (Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program-SPS) in the Philippines in terms of determining the rate of awareness, attitude and considerations and the factors associated with purchase of fortified foods with SPS among women in a poor urban area in Manila. This study also determined the contribution of SPS foods to total iron and vitamin A intake of their preschool children. A survey was conducted through personal interviews among 134 mothers who were randomly selected from all villages of Punta, Sta. Ana, Manila. Descriptive data showed that around 60% of the participants were aware of SPS foods. In general, a positive perception on SPS foods was demonstrated by the women as reflected in their comments. Majority of these comments associated SPS foods as foods accepted/recommended by the Department of Health, foods with added nutrients and nutritious and safe food to eat. Around 89% of those who were aware exhibited a positive attitude towards fortified foods. Awareness of fortified foods and foods with SPS were significant predictors of purchase of SPS foods. However, even if income was the stronger determinant of purchase than awareness, awareness still had some effect. Around 3% and 6% of the variation in purchase of SPS foods could be attributed to the effects of attitude to fortified foods and total opinion to food and health, respectively. The results of this study also showed that preference of the family and taste were major considerations in purchasing SPS foods among more than half of the sample. These findings suggest that the participants purchased SPS foods not mainly because of added nutrients. Intakes of energy and vitamin A among the respondents' preschooler children were considered adequate. However, their iron intake was found to be less adequate. A remarkable finding of this research study was the significant contributions of SPS foods to iron and vitamin A intakes of the children in achieving the RDA. There was 53% increase on the number of children whose vitamin A intake was less than 50% of the RDA if SPS foods were taken out from the diet. SPS foods contributed around 27.6% to total vitamin A intake of the children. Without, the contribution of iron from SPS foods, there was 44% decrease on the number of children whose iron intake was greater than 75% of the RDA and 100% increase on the number of children whose iron intake was less than 50% of the RDA. Hence, iron and vitamin A from SPS foods did have an impact in the nutritional status of the children. The findings of the study may provide vital information to the food fortification program and pose a challenge to nutrition educators. The results are discussed in relation to the previous literature and recommendations are presented with particular emphasis on the implications for future research. In conclusion, SPS foods may have a good potential to improve the nutritional status of the children

The implications of active participation among the elderly to care giving

The aging population in the Philippines has grown to over six million in 2011. This increase translates to an increase in fam­ily expenditures, with care of old adults being regarded more of a family rather than a state responsibility in the country. Transitions occurring within the Filipino family, such as increased local and foreign migration, or the growth of single-person households, will likewise result in changes in care giving arrangements for the Filipino elderly. Research studies have found that active participation addresses caregiving costs and concerns currently being faced by Filipino families. By engaging actively, old adults are able to achieve successful cognitive functioning. Improved cognitive functioning, in turn, contrib­utes to the reduction of negative emotions, which usually occur with the decline in cognitive abilities in the late adulthood stage. Researches on the antecedents of, and consequences to active participation among old adults points to two major frameworks to care giving for the elderly. The first approach involves the adoption of a positive adult developmen­tal approach to care. This approach focuses on a redefinition of health in terms of resources, and the adoption of a sys­tems viewpoint to health care for old adults within the community. A second approach emphasizes a geropsychological approach to health care, which integrates mental health care with general medical care for the elderly. Implications to care giving for Filipino elderly are seen in more pronounced efforts at managing and harnessing personal, social and community resources for aging. 「老有所为对提供护理的启示」 摘要 2011年菲律宾的老龄人口已增加至超过六百万人。由于照顾老人的责任被视为家庭责任多于政府的责任，老龄人口增长就引申出家庭开支上升的问题。随着本土和海外移民增加，或单人家庭数量不断上升，菲律宾的家庭结构发生转变，导致菲律宾的长者护理服务安排也有所改变。研究指出老有所为，即老人积极参与各项活动所引申出的护理费用和忧虑，是现今菲律宾家庭关注的重点。老人从积极参与各种各样的活动可以达致有效运用认知系统。而提升认知系统的运作，则可帮助减少在晚年时期因认知能力下降而产生的负面情绪。研究老有所为的前因和后果，点出了长者护理的两个主要框架。第一是采用正面的成人发展方式来照顾老人。此框架重点是要根据资源重新为健康下定义；采纳为小区长者保健护理设立制度系统的看法。第二是在保健护理时着重老年心理学，为老人提供护理时结合精神健康护理和一般的医疗护理。研究意味着要妥善照顾菲律宾长者，需要在老人的管控和运用、社会和小区资源方面投

The Relationship Between Trainers' Personality, Their Work Environments, and Job Satisfaction: A Test of Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice

The assumption that congruence between personality and work environment results in job satisfaction is fundamental to vocational theory. The research study tested the relationship between person-environment congruence and job satisfaction as assessed by Holand's model of vocational preference on as ample of 94 trainers at the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN). The research study applied the Environmental Assessment Technique (EAT) to obtain the occupation code for the INTAN work environment. Subsequently, the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) was used to obtain the personality profile of the trainers. The relationship between personality and environment was examined. The research study then investigated whether or not there was a significant difference in job satisfaction bet ween trainers who are congruent with the work environment and trainers who are incongruent with the work environment

Price Collection for the Consumer Price Index: a Documentation

The quality of poverty estimates relies heavily on the data sources. One of the sources of data for poverty estimation in the Philippines is the retail price collected by the National Statistics Office. The retail prices are used, along with or in the absence of price data of certain commodities from the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, for costing the poverty thresholds. This report contains the procedures of collecting, monitoring, and verifying the price data. It also discusses how special items are treated

Hydrogen sensing by sol-gel grown NiO and NiO:Li thin films

Hydrogen sensors have been prepared using nickel oxide (NiO) and lithium-doped nickel oxide (NiO:Li) thin films, deposited on glass substrates by the sol-gel spin coating technique. The surface morphology, structure, optical and electrical properties of the obtained films were studied. Hydrogen sensing results are presented for three operating temperatures (140, 160, and 180 {\deg}C) and for hydrogen concentrations ranging from 1000 to 15000 ppm in synthetic air. The NiO and NiO:Li (2% and 8% doping concentrations) sensors show maximum responses for the operating temperature of 180 {\deg}C. When tested at different hydrogen concentrations in air, the lithium-doped NiO sensors showed a higher response than the undoped NiO films

Atmospheric CO2 concentration effects on rice water use and biomass production

Numerous studies have addressed effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration on rice biomass production and yield but effects on crop water use are less well understood. Irrigated rice evapotranspiration (ET) is composed of floodwater evaporation and canopy transpiration. Crop coefficient Kc (ET over potential ET, or ETo) is crop specific according to FAO, but may decrease as CO2 concentration rises. A sunlit growth chamber experiment was conducted in the Philippines, exposing 1.44-m2 canopies of IR72 rice to four constant CO2 levels (195, 390, 780 and 1560 ppmv). Crop geometry and management emulated field conditions. In two wet (WS) and two dry (DS) seasons, final aboveground dry weight (agdw) was measured. At 390 ppmv [CO2] (current ambient level), agdw averaged 1744 g m-2, similar to field although solar radiation was only 61% of ambient. Reduction to 195 ppmv [CO2] reduced agdw to 56±5% (SE), increase to 780 ppmv increased agdw to 128±8%, and 1560 ppmv increased agdw to 142±5%. In 2013WS, crop ET was measured by weighing the water extracted daily from the chambers by the air conditioners controlling air humidity. Chamber ETo was calculated according to FAO and empirically corrected via observed pan evaporation in chamber vs. field. For 390 ppmv [CO2], Kc was about 1 during crop establishment but increased to about 3 at flowering. 195 ppmv CO2 reduced Kc, 780 ppmv increased it, but at 1560 ppmv it declined. Whole-season crop water use was 564 mm (195 ppmv), 719 mm (390 ppmv), 928 mm (780 ppmv) and 803 mm (1560 ppmv). With increasing [CO2], crop water use efficiency (WUE) gradually increased from 1.59 g kg-1 (195 ppmv) to 2.88 g kg-1 (1560 ppmv). Transpiration efficiency (TE) measured on flag leaves responded more strongly to [CO2] than WUE. Responses of some morphological traits are also reported. In conclusion, increased CO2 promotes biomass more than water use of irrigated rice, causing increased WUE, but it does not help saving water. Comparability with field conditions is discussed. The results will be used to train crop models. (Résumé d'auteur

Building strategic resilience in food supply chain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the concept of strategic business resilience in order to postulate innovative mechanisms to drive business performance in the food supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – The research included a literature review and the development of a resilience model that can be adopted in the food supply chain at both a strategic and an operational level. Findings – Conflicts of interest exist for organisations that are seeking to strategically and effectively manage the pluralistic nature of internal and external supply chain risks. The model derived in this research can be used in the food supply chain to drive supply chain agility, organisational stability and longevity, and as a result continuous improvement. Originality/value – This research is of academic value and of value to policy makers and practitioners in the food supply chai

Synthesis and characterization of a new Organic - Inorganic sulfate (C5H6N2O)2[Co(H2O)6]3(SO4)4.2H2O

crystals of a new hybrid compound, (C5H6N2O)2[Co(H2O)6]3(SO4)4.2H2O, were synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic system with the space group P-1, the unit cell :a=6.632(3) Å, b=11.769(5) Å, c=14.210(6) Å, α=67.86(4)°, β=81.32(4)°, γ=85.18(4)° and V=1015.14(8) Å3 . Its crystal structure can be described as a packing of alternated inorganic and organic layers. The different components are connected by a three-dimensional network of O-H...O and N-H...O hydrogen bonds

Toward the optimal strategy for sustained weight loss in overweight cancer survivors: a systematic review of the literature

Purpose: To gain more insight into the optimal strategy to achieve weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese cancer survivors after completion of initial treatment, this systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on intervention effects on weight, to describe intervention components used in effective interventions, to identify and synthesize behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and to assess the frequency with which these BCTs were used in effective interventions. / Methods: Six databases were searched for original research articles describing weight changes in adult overweight cancer survivors after participation in a lifestyle intervention initiated after completion of initial treatment. Two researchers independently screened the retrieved papers and extracted BCTs using the BCT Taxonomy version 1. / Results: Thirty-two papers describing 27 interventions were included. Interventions that were evaluated with a robust study design (n = 8) generally showed <5% weight loss and did not evaluate effects at ≥12 months after intervention completion. Effective interventions promoted both diet and physical activity and used the BCTs ‘goal setting (behaviour)’, ‘action planning’, ‘social support (unspecified)’ and ‘instruction on how to perform the behaviour’. / Conclusions: The results of this first review on intervention components of effective interventions could be used to inform intervention development and showed a need for future publications to report long-term effects, a detailed intervention description and an extensive process evaluation. / Implications for cancer survivors: This study contributed to increasing knowledge on the optimal strategy to achieve weight loss, which is recommended for overweight cancer survivors to improve health outcomes