Socioeconomic status and self-rated health of Japanese people, based on age, cohort, and period

Background: Differences in health resulting from differences in socioeconomic status (SES) have been identified around the world. Age, period, and cohort (A-P-C) differences in health are vital factors which are associated with disparities in SES. However, few studies have examined these differences simultaneously. Moreover, although self-rated health (SRH) has been frequently used as an indicator of health, biases in reporting SRH that depend on the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents have been scarcely adjusted in the previous studies. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the associations between disparities in SES and adjusted SRH based on A-P-C, by using a repeated, cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Japanese people. In addition, we further investigated how exogenous (macroeconomic) conditions unique to a period or cohort would explain trends across successive periods and cohorts. Methods: Data were obtained from a sample of 653,132 Japanese people that responded to the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC), which is a cross-sectional survey that had been conducted every three years from 1986 to 2013, on over 10 occasions. In the CSLC, SES has been assessed by household income. We simultaneously controlled for each A-P-C dimension by using the model for cross-classification of random effects, and adjusting SRH data for reporting biases caused by differences in income and A-P-C. Results: Differences in adjusted SRH associated with income differences decreased with age and reversed after 76 years of age. Period differences indicated that income differences peaked in 1992 and 2007. Moreover, differences in adjusted SRH associated with income differences decreased in periods with high unemployment across all periods. Furthermore, there were no cohort differences in adjusted SRH that were associated with income differences. Conclusion: In Japan, there are age and period variations associated with adjusted differences in SRH as assessed by income. Moreover, exogenous conditions in each period could help explain periodic trends across successive periods

Factors Related to the Evaluation of Courses for Older Adults by Course Participants:A Study of Courses for the Elderly at Social Educational Facilities

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Successor’s Perspectives of Successions in Long-Established Companies―Focusing on Management Attitudes and Lifestyles of Former Managers―

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Effects of socioeconomic status on physical and mental health of hemodialysis patients in Japan: differences by age, period, and cohort

STUDY PURPOSE: Whether or not socioeconomic status (SES)-related differences in the health of hemodialysis patients differ by age, period, and birth cohort remains unclear. We examined whether SES-related gaps in physical and mental health change with age, period, and birth cohort for hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Data were obtained from repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011, with members of a national patients’ association as participants. We used raking adjustment to create a database which had similar characteristics to the total sample of dialysis patients in Japan. SES was assessed using family size-adjusted income levels. We divided patients into three groups based on their income levels: below the first quartile, over the second quartile and under the third quartile, and over the fourth quartile. We used the number of dialysis complications as a physical health indicator and depressive symptoms as a mental health indicator. We used a cross-classified random-effects model that estimated fixed effects of age categories and period as level-1 factors, and random effects of birth cohort as level-2 factors. RESULTS: Relative risk of dialysis complications in respondents below the first quartile compared with ones over the fourth quartile was reduced in age categories >60 years. Mean differences in depressive symptoms between respondents below the first quartile and ones over the fourth quartile peaked in the 50- to 59-year-old age group, and were reduced in age groups >60 years. In addition, mean differences varied across periods, widening from 1996 to 2006. There were no significant birth cohort effects on income differences for dialysis complications or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: The number of dialysis complications and depressive symptoms in dialysis patients were affected by income differences, and the degree of these differences changed with age category and period

Factors Affecting General Consultations at Regional Comprehensive Support Centers―Research on Certified Social Workers―

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Knowledge among Japanese Adults regarding Sexuality in Elderly People

3KJ00010234340原著論文Original Articledepartmental bulletin pape

Factors Related to Satisfaction and Regret Experienced by Bereaved Families Who Made a Surrogate Decision about Terminal Medical Care and Death Place for Older Relative with Dementia －Focusing on the Support from Nurses in Long-Term Care Welfare Facilities－

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Female White-Collar Workers' Careers and their Post-Retirement Job Selection

4KJ00009820699論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape

Effects of Health Literacy on Older Adults’ Health Habits

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Job Continuation Process for Care Workers in a Special Nursing Home for the Elderly : In Cases of Certified Care Workers Who Had Been Continuously Working for More than Five Years

5KJ00008817979論文Articledepartmental bulletin pape