Effect of Seaweed Extracts on Growth and Yield of Rice Plants

Sunarpi, Jupri A, Kurnianingsih R, Julisaniah NI, Nikmatullah A 2010. Effect of seaweed extracts on growth and yield of riceplants. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 73-77. Application of liquid seaweed fertilizers on some plant specieshas been reported to decreaseapplication doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on some crop plants, as well as stimulating growth and production of manyplants. It has been reported that there are at least 59 species of seaweeds found in coastal zone of West Nusa Tenggara Province, 15 ofthose species weres able to stimulate germination, growth and production of some horticultural and legume plants. The aim of thisresearch is to investigate the effect of seaweed extracts obtained from ten species on growth and production of rice plants. To achive thegoal, seaweed (100 g per species) wasextracted with 100 mL of water, to obtain the concentration of 100%. Seaweed extract (15%) wassprayed into the rice plants during vegetative and generative stages. Subsequently, the growth and yield parameters of rice plants weremeasured. The results shown that extracts of Sargassum sp.1, Sargassum sp.2, Sargassum polycistum, Hydroclathrus sp., Turbinariaornata, and Turbinaria murayana, were able to induce growth of rice plants. However, only the Hydroclathrus sp. extract could enhanceboth growth and production of rice plants

Increased tolerance to salt stress in the phosphate-accumulating Arabidopsis mutants siz1 and pho2

High salinity is an environmental factor thatinhibits plant growth and development, leading to largelosses in crop yields. We report here that mutations in SIZ1or PHO2, which cause more accumulation of phosphatecompared with the wild type, enhance tolerance to saltstress. The siz1 and pho2 mutations reduce the uptake andaccumulation of Na+. These mutations are also able to suppressthe Na+ hypersensitivity of the sos3-1 mutant, andgenetic analyses suggest that SIZ1 and SOS3 or PHO2 andSOS3 have an additive eVect on the response to salt stress.Furthermore, the siz1 mutation cannot suppress the Li+hypersensitivity of the sos3-1 mutant. These results indicatethat the phosphate-accumulating mutants siz1 and pho2reduce the uptake and accumulation of Na+, leading toenhanced salt tolerance, and that, genetically, SIZ1 andPHO2 are likely independent of SOS3-dependent salt signalin

A Single Amino-Acid Substitution in the Sodium Transporter HKT1 Associated with Plant Salt Tolerance

A crucial prerequisite for plant growth and survival is the maintenance of potassium uptake, especially when high sodium surrounds the root zone. The Arabidopsis HIGH-AFFINITY K(+) TRANSPORTER1 (HKT1), and its homologs in other salt-sensitive dicots, contributes to salinity tolerance by removing Na(+) from the transpiration stream. However, TsHKT1;2, one of three HKT1 copies in Thellungiella salsuginea, a halophytic Arabidopsis relative, acts as a K(+) transporter in the presence of Na(+) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Amino-acid sequence comparisons indicated differences between TsHKT1;2 and most other published HKT1 sequences with respect to an Asp residue (D207) in the second pore-loop domain. Two additional T salsuginea and most other HKT1 sequences contain Asn (n) in this position. Wild-type TsHKT1;2 and altered AtHKT1 (AtHKT1(N-D)) complemented K(+)-uptake deficiency of yeast cells. Mutant hkt1-1 plants complemented with both AtHKT1(N) (-) (D) and TsHKT1;2 showed higher tolerance to salt stress than lines complemented by the wild-type AtHKT1 Electrophysiological analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes confirmed the functional properties of these transporters and the differential selectivity for Na(+) and K(+) based on the n/d variance in the pore region. This change also dictated inward-rectification for Na(+) transport. Thus, the introduction of Asp, replacing Asn, in HKT1-type transporters established altered cation selectivity and uptake dynamics. We describe one way, based on a single change in a crucial protein that enabled some crucifer species to acquire improved salt tolerance, which over evolutionary time may have resulted in further changes that ultimately facilitated colonization of saline habitats

A single amino-acid substitution in the sodium transporter HKT1 associated with plant salt tolerance

A crucial prerequisite for plant growth and survival is the maintenance of potassium uptake, especially when high sodium surrounds the root zone. The Arabidopsis HIGH-AFFINITY K TRANSPORTER1 (HKT1), and its homologs in other salt-sensitive dicots, contributes to salinity tolerance by removing Na from the transpiration stream. However, TsHKT1;2, one of three HKT1 copies in Thellungiella salsuginea, a halophytic Arabidopsis relative, acts as a Ktransporter in the presence of Na in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Amino-acid sequence comparisons indicated differences between TsHKT1;2 and most other published HKT1 sequences with respect to an Asp residue (D207) in the second pore-loop domain. Two additional T. salsuginea and most other HKT1 sequences contain Asn (N) in this position. Wild-type TsHKT1;2 and altered AtHKT1 (AtHKT1) complemented K-uptake deficiency of yeast cells. Mutanthkt1-1 plants complemented with both AtHKT1 and TsHKT1;2 showed higher tolerance to salt stress than lines complemented by the wild-type AtHKT1. Electrophysiological analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes confirmed the functional properties of these transporters and the differential selectivity for Na and Kbased on the N/D variance in the pore region. This change also dictated inward-rectification for Na transport. Thus, the introduction of Asp, replacing Asn, in HKT1-type transporters established altered cation selectivity and uptake dynamics. We describe one way, based on a single change in a crucial protein that enabled some crucifer species to acquire improved salt tolerance, which over evolutionary time may have resulted in further changes that ultimately facilitated colonization of saline habitats.Peer Reviewe

Translocação e redistribuição de enxofre em plantas de milho e de soja.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a translocação e a redistribuição de S pelo transporte acrópeto e basípeto em plantas de milho e de soja. Plantas das duas espécies foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva contendo 35 S em casa de vegetação. O 35S aplicado em uma única raiz foi prontamente absorvido e translocado para a parte aérea, assim como para as demais raízes cultivadas na ausência de enxofre. O radioisótopo aplicado em uma única folha foi transportado tanto na direção acrópeta quanto na basípeta. Entretanto, o milho e a soja mostraram comportaments diferentes na absorção e na distribuição do enxofre. O milho, apesar de ter apresentado maior absorção radicular, reteve grande parte desse elemento na raiz, enquanto a soja absorveu consideravelmente menos, porém apresentou maior eficiência de translocação. Nas plantas de soja, as folhas superiores, principalmente as mais novas, mostraram ser os principais drenos fisiológicos do enxofre

Pengaruh Bioaktivator Biosca dan EM4 Terhadap Kualitas Pupuk Organik Cair Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii

Eucheuma cottonii merupakan alga merah yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang di masyarakat, di antaranya sebagai pupuk organik karena mengandung bahan-bahan mineral yang dapat meningkatkan daya pertumbuhan tanaman dalam berbunga dan berbuah. Penggunaan bioaktivator dalam pembuatan pupuk dapat mempercepat pembentukan pupuk dengan jalan menurunkan rasio C/N bahan organik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan yang berbeda (non-fermentasi, fermentasi Biosca, dan fermentasi EM4). Parameter yang digunakan adalah kadar karbon, nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, nilai pH, dan rasio C/N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan perlakuan dan perbedaan bioaktivator Biosca dan EM4 menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar karbon, nitrogen, kalium, nilai pH, dan rasio C/N, tetapi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap kadar fosfor. Ketiga macam pupuk organik telah memenuhi standar SNI 19-7030-2004 untuk kadar nitrogen, kalium, dan rasio C/N. Sedangkan untuk kadar karbon, fosfor, dan nilai pH belum memenuhi standar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan penggunaan bioaktivator EM4 dalam pengolahan pupuk organik cair memperoleh hasil yang terbaik dengan kadar karbon (6,79%), nitrogen (0,58%), fosfor (0,014%), kalium (0,42%), dan nilai rasio C/N (11,68). Kata kunci : Bioaktivator, Biosca, EM4, Fermentasi, Eucheuma cottonii, Pupuk Organik

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Keunggulan Lokal pada Matapelajaran Fisika SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal pada matapelajaran Fisika SMA. Keunggulan lokal yang dimaksud adalah objek wisata seperti pantai, gili, dan air terjun. Model pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model 4-D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri atas Silabus, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Buku Guru, Buku Siswa, Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS), dan Tes Hasil Belajar (THB). Pada tahap Define dilakukan penetapan dan pendefinisian syarat-syarat pembelajaran. Pada tahap Design dilakukan penyusunan prototipe perangkat pembelajaran. Pada tahap Develop dilakukan validasi perangkat pembelajaran oleh Pakar yang dilanjutkan dengan revisi. Tahap Define, Design, dan Develop dilaksanakan mulai Maret hingga Juni 2014. Tahap Disseminate akan dilakukan pada September 2014 untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran di Kelas. Rentang skor penilaian Validator terhadap perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah 1 (tidak baik) hingga 4 (sangat baik) ditinjau dari aspek: format, isi, dan bahasa. Nilai yang diberikan oleh Validator adalah 3 dengan kriteria baik sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal pada matapelajaran Fisika SMA dapat digunakan dengan sedikit revis

Social Context on an Agreement Letter of Sri Sultan Paduka Government of India Nederland and the Kingdom of Bima

The release of a treaty between Sri Sultan Paduka Government successor agreement Hindi Netherlands and the Kingdom of Bima is a related product. It means that a text of the letter agreement cannot be separated from the social context of the time. The theory of the social context LFS Hallidayan is adopted in a social context study. Data, collected from the literature and interview methods, are analyzed through the procedure of analyzing qualitative data instituted. The finding shows that a written agreement was made in an institutionalized situation in the kingdom of Bima involving both the Government of the India-Netherlands and the Kingdom of Bima. The Bima Kingdom became the emperor wrapper while the Hindi Netherlands government became the superior wrapper. The treaty governs the rights and obligations of both parties. This is written with regard to gender explanation of ideological hegemony, which includes the. Hindi Netherlands against the Bima Kingdom through the regulation of rights and obligations