METAL COMPLEXES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS: A NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY

The medicinal uses and applications of metals and metal complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance.More than 2 - 8% of world's population is suffering from diabetes. The correlation of diabetes and an imbalance in metal makes metal -based therapy as an attractive proposition. The development of anti-diabetic metal complexes replacing insulin injection to regulate sugar levels appears to be interesting. It has been understood that control of the glucose level in the blood plasma has been achieved by administration of vanadium and zinc in form of inorganic salts. Number of vanadium and other metal complexes has been developed and all of which have shown insulin-mimetic properties. This paper mainly focus extensive role of metal and its complexes in biological systems and its therapeutic applications

Biomaterial implants in the treatment of oncology: a review

In globally, cancer is a second leading disease next to cardiovascular diseases in non-communicable diseases, which affect the all ages, sex, social status, ethnicity and primary cause of illness related death. Traditionally, systemic delivery drug systems like chemotherapy via oral capsule, injections of nanoparticles/micro particles, immunotherapy and others, which can inhibit or halt the progression of tumors. The short half-life of drugs which cannot achieve the targeted dose level to the tumor site and not able to target desired cell and commonly produces the organ toxicity. Recently, researchers have been attempting to direct delivery agents for cancer therapy. One of the best methods is a local therapy system, which deliver the drug directly via implantable procedure and it’s achieved the maximum concentration of the desire drug at the tumor site, non-target systemic exposure and minimize the organ toxicity to the patients. Biomaterial implants are widely used in the local concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents, local delivery of poly-chemotherapy, gene therapy as an alternative to drug delivery, scaffolds for cancer immunotherapy and polymer-based composites of drug molecules. There are different types of polymers like poly anhydride poly [bis (p-carboxy-phenoxy) propane-sebacic acid] copolymer [p(CPP:SA)], fatty acid dimer-sebacic acid copolymer (FAD-SA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (glycerol monostearate-co-caprolactone), alginate and silica, used in successively cancer therapy. In order to minimize the risk of unwanted side effect of different types of biomaterials implants, it’s biocompatible to reduce the ability to elicit the inflammatory effect to the implanted area or the site. Therefore, the key role of choosing the appropriate and biocompatible implants to particular therapy is an indispensable. This should be validated with respect to risk benefit ratio in case of cancers. Biomaterial based implant local delivery systems provide more versatile and tailorable approach to against treatment of different types of the cancer

FAST TRACK USA REGULATORY APPROVAL FOR DRUGS TO TREAT EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Fast track Approval

The Food and Drug Administration has established fast track approval to speed the designation of drugs that efficiently treat serious conditions, in particular those that provide improved advantages over available therapy. Fast track designation was initiated to curtail the time period in the new drug approval procedure and to promote the drug discovery and commercialization of drug products for critical and life-threatening illness and expedite the approval of drug products demonstrating advanced efficacy toward the prevailing one. Single Phase II study is reviewed before approving the drug within fast track designation. This review article highlights the consequences, criteria for fast track designation, fast track designation process, and the timeline for fast track approval

FAST TRACK USA REGULATORY APPROVAL FOR DRUGS TO TREAT EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The Food and Drug Administration has established fast track approval to speed the designation of drugs that efficiently treat serious conditions, in particular those that provide improved advantages over available therapy. Fast track designation was initiated to curtail the time period in the new drug approval procedure and to promote the drug discovery and commercialization of drug products for critical and life-threatening illness and expedite the approval of drug products demonstrating advanced efficacy toward the prevailing one. Single Phase II study is reviewed before approving the drug within fast track designation. This review article highlights the consequences, criteria for fast track designation, fast track designation process, and the timeline for fast track approval.</jats:p

SPRAY-DRIED CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES FOR SUSTAINED DELIVERY OF TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Objective: Sustained release systems have the potential to enhance the therapeutic responses in the long-term management of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, cross-linked microspheres of the antipsychotic drug Trifluoperazine (TFP) were prepared using biodegradable polymer-chitosan and various in vitro evaluations were performed on the prepared microspheres. Methods: The spray drying technique was used to prepare TFP-loaded chitosan microspheres. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) was incorporated into the chitosan solutions as a cross-linking agent in varying concentrations. Different evaluations like production yield, encapsulation efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), particle size, zeta potential analysis and in vitro drug release studies were performed on the developed formulations. Results: The formulated microparticles exhibited production yields ranging from 38.51 to 57.21% and had reasonably good encapsulation efficiencies (54.52-78.35%). The drug excipient compatibility was confirmed by Infrared Spectroscopy. All the microspheres showed positive zeta potential with a mean diameter ranging from 1.45-3.61µ. SEM images revealed the formation of spherical particles with indentations on the surface. XRD and DSC studies confirmed the presence of an amorphous form of the drug inside the microspheres. The in vitro release profile of TFP from cross-linked chitosan microspheres was influenced considerably by changing the concentration of polymer and crosslinking agent in the formulation. The drug release from (0.5%) chitosan microspheres reduced from 91% to 79%, when TPP concentration was increased from 10% to 30%. All the formulations clearly showed a burst release of the drug in the initial hours and a subsequent sustained release profile. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that TPP crosslinked spray-dried chitosan microparticles could be a promising method for developing a long-acting drug delivery system intended to effectively treat schizophrenia

Biomaterial implants in the treatment of oncology: a review

In globally, cancer is a second leading disease next to cardiovascular diseases in non-communicable diseases, which affect the all ages, sex, social status, ethnicity and primary cause of illness related death. Traditionally, systemic delivery drug systems like chemotherapy via oral capsule, injections of nanoparticles/micro particles, immunotherapy and others, which can inhibit or halt the progression of tumors. The short half-life of drugs which cannot achieve the targeted dose level to the tumor site and not able to target desired cell and commonly produces the organ toxicity. Recently, researchers have been attempting to direct delivery agents for cancer therapy. One of the best methods is a local therapy system, which deliver the drug directly via implantable procedure and it’s achieved the maximum concentration of the desire drug at the tumor site, non-target systemic exposure and minimize the organ toxicity to the patients. Biomaterial implants are widely used in the local concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents, local delivery of poly-chemotherapy, gene therapy as an alternative to drug delivery, scaffolds for cancer immunotherapy and polymer-based composites of drug molecules. There are different types of polymers like poly anhydride poly [bis (p-carboxy-phenoxy) propane-sebacic acid] copolymer [p(CPP:SA)], fatty acid dimer-sebacic acid copolymer (FAD-SA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (glycerol monostearate-co-caprolactone), alginate and silica, used in successively cancer therapy. In order to minimize the risk of unwanted side effect of different types of biomaterials implants, it’s biocompatible to reduce the ability to elicit the inflammatory effect to the implanted area or the site. Therefore, the key role of choosing the appropriate and biocompatible implants to particular therapy is an indispensable. This should be validated with respect to risk benefit ratio in case of cancers. Biomaterial based implant local delivery systems provide more versatile and tailorable approach to against treatment of different types of the cancer.</jats:p

Review for Analytical Methods for the Determination of Mefenamic Acid

Mefenamic acid (MFA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to the anthranilic acid derivative family. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. The present review article includes a compilation of articles on the various properties along with an extensive literature survey on the reported analytical methods of MFA. Using a comprehensive computer assisted literature review; this article discusses the analytical methodologies for quantifying MFA both in active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This is the first review article in this series with focus on the analytical profile of MFA. Although, several methods like High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, turbidimetry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Mass Spectroscopy (MS) and electro analytical methods were reported in the literature, HPLC stands out first for the quantification of MFA.</jats:p