Craniomandibular trauma and tooth loss in northern dogs and wolves : implications for the archaeological study of dog husbandry and domestication

Funding: Funding for this project was provided by an ERC Advanced Grant (#295458) to Dr. David Anderson, University of Aberdeen (http://erc.europa.eu). Financial support to Mikhail V. Sablin was provided by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 13-04-00203; http://www.rfbr.ru/rffi/ru). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscripPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Nationalist mobilization in the Russian Far East during the closing phase of the Civil War

Three major factions in the Russian Civil War in the Far East engaged in nationalist mobilization coming up with different rhetorical tropes and images in the 1920-1922 period. The ultra-royalist faction led by Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs, which in 1922 controlled the Provisional Priamur Government in Vladivostok, portrayed the Romanovs as redeemers who had ended the “dark age” of the Time of Troubles (1598–1613) and called for a new Zemskii Sobor to elect a Romanov Tsar for the sake of new redemption from the “foreign” Bolsheviks. The socialist faction of the Far Eastern Republic (FER), taken over by the Bolsheviks, focused on the grievances caused by the Romanovs’ policies and the clashes with Japan and stressed the future role of the Russians as the first nation of toilers to lead the global struggle for social justice. The popular monarchist faction, established by Grigorii Mikhailovich Semenov, tried to find a middle ground by emphasising the popular role in ending the Time of Troubles and agitating for an elected muzhik Tsar. The ultra-royalist and monarchist rhetoric failed to mobilize the people of the Far East who did not identify with the Eurocentric images of the past and rebuked the cooperation between the monarchists and Japan. The socialist claims that the Romanovs and the Japanese accounted for the degraded present proved more relevant in view of the regional historical narrative featuring a series of conflicts with East Asian states, while the economic rather than racial interpretation of the Japanese policies and the inclusive character of socialism did not alienate ethnic minorities from the socialist faction

Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Fossil Canid Mandibles and Skulls

Acknowledgements We thank C.P. Klingenberg for critical discussion of methodology. A. Drake and R. Losey were supported by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grant (#SSHRC IG 435-2014-0075) and a European Research Council Grant to D. Anderson (#295458). M. Sablin acknowledges participation of ZIN RAS (state assignment № АААА-А17-117022810195-3) to this research. Supplementary information accompanies this paper at doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10232-1Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Application of a dislocation based model for Interstitial Free (IF) steels to typical stamping simulations

With a view to environmental, economic and safety concerns, car manufacturers need to design lighter and safer vehicles in ever shorter development times. In recent years, High Strength Steels (HSS) like Interstitial Free (IF) steels which have higher ratios of yield strength to elastic modulus, are increasingly used for sheet metal parts in automotive industry to meet the demands. Moreover, the application of sheet metal forming simulations has proven to be beneficial to reduce tool costs in the design stage and to optimize current processes. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is quite successful to simulate metal forming processes but accuracy largely depends on the quality of the material properties provided as input to the material model. Common phenomenological models roughly consist in the fitting of functions on experimental results and do not provide any predictive character for different metals from the same grade. Therefore, the use of accurate plasticity models based on physics would increase predictive capability, reduce parameter identification cost and allow for robust and time-effective finite element simulations. For this purpose, a 3D physically based model at large strain with dislocation density evolution approach was presented in IDDRG2009 by the authors [1]. This model allows the description of work-hardening's behavior for different loading paths (i.e. uni-axial tensile, simple shear and Bauschinger tests) taking into account several data from microstructure (i.e. grain size, texture, etc...). The originality of this model consists in the introduction of microstructure data in a classical phenomenological model in order to achieve work-hardening's predictive character for different metals from the same grade. Indeed, thanks to a microstructure parameter set for an Interstitial Free steel, it is possible to describe work-hardening behavior for different loading paths of other IF steels by only changing the mean grain size and the chemical composition. During sheet metal forming processes local material points may experience multi-axial and multi-path loadings. Before simulating actual industrial parts, automotive manufacturers use validation tools - e.g. the Cross-Die stamping test. Such typical stamping tests enable the evaluation of a complex distribution of strains. The work described is an implementation [2] of a 3D dislocation based model in ABAQUS/Explicit and its validation on a Finite Element (FE) Cross-Die model. In order to assess the performance and relevance of the 3D dislocation based model in the simulation of industrial forming applications, the results of thinning profiles predicted along several directions and the strain distribution were obtained and compared with experimental results for IF steels with grain sizes varying in the 8-22 μm value range.Cifre Renaul

Influence of sample thickness and experimental device configuration on the spherical indentation of AISI 1100 steel

International audienceMost instrumented indentation theoretical studies and models consider bulk sample geometry, which implies no influence on the indentation response. In the particular case of thin samples, our previous studies have shown that the thickness has an influence on the experimental device behaviour as well as on the sample and material response. This work is a numerical and experimental illustration of this particularity. Spherical macroindentation tests are performed on AISI 1100 steel samples of thicknesses varying from 10 to 0.55 mm. Experimental and numerical results are compared. Experimental limitations are investigated and solutions to obtain results which are independent of the sample thickness and curvature are proposed. We show that the proposed solution, which is the object of an international patent, leads to a reliable identification of the material mechanical properties of thin and moderately bent samples

Consumption of canid meat at the Gravettian Předmostí site, the Czech Republic

Germonpré, Mietje, Lázničková-Galetová, Martina, Jimenez, Elodie-Laure, Losey, Robert, Sablin, Mikhail, Bocherens, Hervé, Van Den Broeck, Martine (2017): Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic. Fossil Imprint 73 (3-4): 360-382, DOI: 10.2478/if-2017-0020, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-002

Buryat, Mongol and Buddhist:: Multiple Identities and Disentanglement Projects in the Baikal Region, 1917–1919

Die Baikalregion in Sibirien war lange Zeit ein Gebiet der Interaktionen zwischen europäischen, asiatischen und globalen Akteuren. Geographische Informationssysteme (GIS) dienen hier zur Rekonstruktion und Analyse von Beziehungsräumen, die durch diese Interaktionen entstanden. Zwischen 1917 und 1919, nach dem Fall des Chinesischen und des Russischen Reichs, kam es vermehrt zu Versuchen, die administrativen und internationalen Grenzen in dieser Region neu zu definieren. Unter anderem beteiligten sich lokale Intellektuelle und buddhistische Mönche an diesen Projekten der Entflechtung von Beziehungen. Zu diesen Projekten gehörten die 1917 ausgerufene Autonomie der Burjaten, die buddhistische Theokratie des abtrünnigen Mönchs Lubsan Samdan Tsydenov und die von japanischen Offizieren und dem Kosakenführer Semenov unterstützte pan-mongolische Föderation. Jedes Projekt konstruierte eine eigene Gruppenidentität und entwickelte eigene Beziehungsräume. Dieser Artikel untersucht, wie Konflikte zwischen konkurrierenden Identitäten gelöst wurden und warum letztlich alle drei Projekte scheiterten

Realistic Models of Biological Motion

The origin of biological motion can be traced back to the function of molecular motor proteins. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin transport organelles within our cells moving along a polymeric filament, the microtubule. The motion of the myosin molecules along the actin filaments is responsible for the contraction of our muscles. Recent experiments have been able to reveal some important features of the motion of individual motor proteins, and a new statistical physical description - often referred to as ``thermal ratchets'' - has been developed for the description of motion of these molecules. In this approach the motors are considered as Brownian particles moving along one-dimensional periodic structures due to the effect of nonequilibrium fluctuations. Assuming specific types of interaction between the particles the models can be made more realistic. We have been able to give analytic solutions for our model of kinesin with elastically coupled Brownian heads and for the motion of the myosin filament where the motors are connected through a rigid backbone. Our theoretical predictions are in a very good agreement with the various experimental results. In addition, we have considered the effects arising as a result of interaction among a large number of molecular motors, leading to a number of novel cooperative transport phenomena.Comment: 12 pages (5 figures). submitted to Elsevier Preprin

Chapter Russia in the Global Parliamentary Moment, 1905–1918: Between a Subaltern Empire and an Empire of Subalterns

This volume adds to the plurality of global histories by locating the global through its articulation and manifestation within particular localities. It accomplishes this by bringing together interlinked case-studies that analyse various temporal and spatial dimensions of the global in the local and the interactions between the local and the global

Nonreceding hare lines: genetic continuity since the Late Pleistocene in European mountain hares (Lepus timidus)

Throughout time, climate changes have caused substantial rearrangements of habitats which have alternately promoted and disfavoured different types of taxa. At first glance, the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) shows the typical hallmarks of a cold-adapted species that has retreated to refugia since the onset of the current Holocene interglacial. In contrary to expectations, however, the species has a high contemporary genetic diversity with no clear differentiation between geographically isolated populations. In order to clarify the phylogeographic history of European mountain hares, we here analysed ancient DNA from the glacial populations that inhabited the previous midlatitude European tundra region. Our results reveal that the Ice Age hares had similar levels of genetic variation and lack of geographic structure as observed today, and the ancient samples were intermingled with modern individuals throughout the reconstructed evolutionary tree. This suggest a temporal genetic continuity in Europe, where the mountain hares were able to keep pace with the rapid changes at the last glacial/interglacial transition, and successfully track their shifting habitat to northern and alpine regions. Further, the temporal demographic analyses showed that the species’ population size in Europe appear to have been tightly linked with palaeoclimatic fluctuations, with increases and declines occurring during periods of global cooling and warming, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that neither habitat shifts nor demographic fluctuations have had any substantial impact on the genetic diversity of European mountain hares. This remarkable resilience, which contrasts to a majority of previously investigated cold-adapted species, is likely due to its generalist nature which makes it less vulnerable to environmental changes