1.19 Questionable suitability of OECD 237 protocol in risk assessment scheme?

Persistent xenobiotics are potentially hazardous for the bee larvae despite that they are not directly exposed in contrary to adult foraging bees. The crucial phase of larval development is the first six days after hatching when young larva grows exponentially and during this phase larvae are potentially exposed to xenobiotics via diet. That is why the life cycle of honeybee is still a great challenge for scientists. OECD reflected “this need” and adopted the OECD 237 protocol (Honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval toxicity test, single exposure) on 26th July 2013. The protocol addresses the requirements formulated by the United States, Canada, and Europe to test the toxicity of chemicals compounds on larvae fed with spiked food under laboratory conditions in a tier1 strategy.Persistent xenobiotics are potentially hazardous for the bee larvae despite that they are not directly exposed in contrary to adult foraging bees. The crucial phase of larval development is the first six days after hatching when young larva grows exponentially and during this phase larvae are potentially exposed to xenobiotics via diet. That is why the life cycle of honeybee is still a great challenge for scientists. OECD reflected “this need” and adopted the OECD 237 protocol (Honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval toxicity test, single exposure) on 26th July 2013. The protocol addresses the requirements formulated by the United States, Canada, and Europe to test the toxicity of chemicals compounds on larvae fed with spiked food under laboratory conditions in a tier1 strategy

Yeast Mitochondrial Interactosome Model: Metabolon Membrane Proteins Complex Involved in the Channeling of ADP/ATP

The existence of a mitochondrial interactosome (MI) has been currently well established in mammalian cells but the exact composition of this super-complex is not precisely known, and its organization seems to be different from that in yeast. One major difference is the absence of mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) in yeast, unlike that described in the organization model of MI, especially in cardiac, skeletal muscle and brain cells. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed description of different partner proteins involved in the synergistic ADP/ATP transport across the mitochondrial membranes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to propose a new mitochondrial interactosome model. The ADP/ATP (Aacp) and inorganic phosphate (PiC) carriers as well as the VDAC (or mitochondrial porin) catalyze the import and export of ADP, ATP and Pi across the mitochondrial membranes. Aacp and PiC, which appear to be associated with the ATP synthase, consist of two nanomotors (F0, F1) under specific conditions and form ATP synthasome. Identification and characterization of such a complex were described for the first time by Pedersen and co-workers in 2003

Porównanie wyników pomiaru powierzchni kamieniołomu Spišské Tomášovce za pomocą fotogrametrii i naziemnego skaningu laserowego

In the area of spatial survey and modelling of irregular shapes of Earth's surface and complex structures, non-contact survey technologies are currently widely used. At present, terrestrial laser scanning, Lidar and terrestrial or aerial photogrammetry maintain probably the most important role within fast, accurate and mainly safe methods for obtaining information about the Earth's surface. The survey of surface quarry designed to quarrying wall stone – limestone was realized in the spring of 2013 by the use of terrestrial laser scanning and digital close-range photogrammetry, in order to determine exact geometrical shape of mined rock, together with subsequent survey in successive phases and calculation of the mined volume.W dziedzinie badań i modelowania przestrzennego nieregularnych kształtów na powierzchni Ziemi oraz struktur kompleksowych technologie bezdotykowe znajdują szerokie zastosowanie. Obecnie naziemny skaning laserowy Lidar oraz naziemna i powietrzna fotogrametria pełnią prawdopodobnie najważniejszą rolę w związku z szybkim, dokładnym i bezpiecznym pomiarem dostarczającym informacji na temat powierzchni Ziemi. Pomiar powierzchni kamieniołomu wydobywającego wapienny kamień ścienny został przeprowadzony wiosną 2013 roku przy użyciu naziemnego skaningu laserowego oraz fotogrametrii cyfrowej bliskiego zasięgu w celu określenia dokładnego kształtu wydobywanego kamienia, a następnie obliczono ilość wydobywanego materiału

The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War: Specifics of Coverage by French Correspondents in the Far East

The article aims at identiIying the speciIic qualities oI corerage oI the war between Russia and Japan in 1904-1905 by French newspapers. The study is based on the publications in Iour oI the leading French newspapers oI the period (Le Figaro, Le Temps, Le Journal, and Le Matin) which are presented in Gallica, the online archiye of the National Library of France (Bibliotheque nationale de France). Particular attention is Iocused on publications that reIlect the early period oI the conIlict (27 January - 10 February 1904) and sereral episodes of the war (the shelling of Port Arthur in January-February 1904 and the battle of Liaoyang 24 August - 4 September 1904). The study of archiral documents (a total of 15 issues of Le Matin, 15 issues of Le Journal, 10 issues of Le Figaro, and 2 issues of Le Temps that hare preriously been neither fully translated into Russian nor presented to the academic community) clearly demonstrates that the French newspapers followed one single communication strategy which was quite different from the other pro-Japanese European and American media. The study of hard news and interriews published on the early stage of the conflict reflects the attempts to create a positire image of the Russian Empire in the eyes of French readers, eren though the analysed newspapers relied mainly on reports from English, German, and American newspapers and telegraph agencies. Howerer, reportages, published by a dozen of journalists sent to the theatre of operations in the Far East from Paris, were not only a part of this strategy to reinforce the positive image of Russian troops, they also created an objective picture and a deeply personal account of the event seen through the eyes of a war reporter - the identity and adventures of a war correspondent became, for the first time in the history of French press, a major subject of interest for the audience of the French press. Having examined in detail the publications of two quality newspapers (Le Figaro and Le Temps) and two newspapers for a wider audience (Le Matin and Le Journal) presented on the website of the Gallica archive, the author comes to the conclusion that the French press established a dual approach to war coverage in these years. Despite the great role of information from foreign newspapers and telegraph agencies, gradually, it is the reportage from French correspondents that becomes the leading genre in French journalism at the beginning of the 20th century. Articles describing the reporter's view of the war laid the foundation not only for war journalism but for reportage journalism in the French press as well. Therefore, this study analyses these publications as proper examples of the war reportage and not just as individual correspondence from the front lines. The case of the Russo-Japanese war coverage allows analysing the principles of the construction of belligerents' images in quality and mass newspapers as well as their communication strategy.</jats:p