The Politics of Turkish democracy: İsmet İnönü and the formation of the multi-party system, 1938-1950

One of the most significant yet least known periods of modern Turkish history is that of Turkey's second president, Ismet Inönü. Following the death of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1938, Turkish politicians and intellectuals struggled to redefine Kemalist notions of modernity and democracy, Islam and secularization, the role of the state, and Turkey's place in the world. The Politics of Turkish Democracy examines Inönü's presidency (19381950), which developed amid the crises of World War II and the Cold War, global economic and political transformation, and economic and social change within Turkey. John M. VanderLippe analyzes the political discourse of the era and argues that Inönü was a pivotal figure who played the decisive role in Turkey's transition to a multi-party political system

The 2007 elections and parliamentary elites in Turkey: The emergence of a new political class?

This essay analyzes the impact of the 2007 elections in Turkey on the structure of the parliamentary elites. The article begins with an examination of the recent trends in turnover rates. The electoral earthquake of 2002 resulted in the highest turnover in modern Turkish politics. In 2007, the turnover rate declined to 59.3 percent as a result of the relative stabilization of party competition. In the subsequent sections of the essay, the data on the social backgrounds of the deputies with respect to age, gender, occupation, education, and knowledge of the Arabic language are examined. The analysis reveals some notable differences as well as similarities between the political parties that entered the Grand National Assembly in 2007. Of particular importance is the fact that 73 out of 341 AKP deputies know Arabic, presumably as a result of their training at the Imam-Hatip schools. The essay concludes with the observation that the AKP's decisive electoral victories in 2002 and 2007 have facilitated the rise of a new political class of parliamentary elites in Turkey

Solving ordinary differential equations (ODES) and delay differential equations (DDES) using Nakashima’s 2 stages 4Th order Pseudo-Runge-Kutta method

The aim of this research is to investigate numerically the problem on solving Delay Differential Equations (DDEs) using Nakashima’s 2 Stages 4th Order Pseudo-Runge-Kutta Method. This research also discussed the problem on solving Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using the same method. In this research, we also developed the algorithm of Nakashima’s 2 Stages 4th Order Pseudo-Runge-Kutta Method and the algorithm of Nakashima’s 2 Stages 4th Order Pseudo-Runge-Kutta Method incorporated with Hermite Interpolation. Finally, we apply this method to a real life problem and we choose Food-Limited Model. In this research, we use Mathematica 7 software and Microsoft Excel to conduct the calculation

Looking Out, Looking In: Contemporary Artists from Morocco

This is the catalogue of the exhibition "Looking Out, Looking In: Contemporary Artists from Morocco" held at Faye G., Jo, and James Stone Gallery 855 Commonwealth Avenue from February 8, 2019 – March 31, 2019. The exhibition is curated by Cynthia Becker, Associate Professor of African Art, Boston University Department of History of Art and Architecture and Nadia Sabri, Professor of Art History and curator, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco. Participating artists are Hassan Darsi, Wiame Haddad, Hassan Hajjaj, Randa Maroufi, Safaa Mazirh, Lamia Naji, and Nour Eddine Tilsaghani.Looking Out, Looking In: Contemporary Artists from Morocco brings together seven diverse Moroccan photographers and videographers for the first time. Each works in a unique style and comes from a different background, but what links them is their exploration of how seeing is not always equated with knowing. They recognize that the process of looking is a political act and seek to emphasize the ambiguity of meaning contained within the visual. Some artists consider how Moroccan society is looked at by outsiders and confront the historical biases inherent in the colonial gaze. Others imagine a world without borders, making sense of the boundaries that divide nation-states. Some consider aspects of Moroccan culture hidden from public view due to political oppression. Each uses their art to contemplate the moral and emotional experiences of looking in at oneself in response to looking out at the complex social issues that impact Morocco today.The exhibition is co-sponsored with Boston University’s African Studies Center, the Boston University Arts Initiative, the Institute for the Study of Muslim Societies & Civilizations, the Department of History of Art & Architecture. The Boston University Art Galleries programs are supported in part through a grant from the Boston Cultural Council and administered by the Mayor’s Office of Arts and Culture

Quantum Ergodicity on Graphs : from Spectral to Spatial Delocalization

We prove a quantum-ergodicity theorem on large graphs, for eigenfunctions of Schr\"odinger operators in a very general setting. We consider a sequence of finite graphs endowed with discrete Schr\"odinger operators, assumed to have a local weak limit. We assume that our graphs have few short loops, in other words that the limit model is a random rooted tree endowed with a random discrete Schr\"odinger operator. We show that absolutely continuous spectrum for the infinite model, reinforced by a good control of the moments of the Green function, imply "quantum ergodicity", a form of spatial delocalization for eigenfunctions of the finite graphs approximating the tree. This roughly says that the eigenfunctions become equidistributed in phase space. Our result applies in particular to graphs converging to the Anderson model on a regular tree, in the r\'egime of extended states studied by Klein and Aizenman-Warzel.Comment: To appear in the Annals of Mat

Two Reflected Gray Code based orders on some restricted growth sequences

We consider two order relations: that induced by the m-ary reflected Gray code and a suffix partitioned variation of it. We show that both of them when applied to some sets of restricted growth sequences still yield Gray codes. These sets of sequences are: subexcedant or ascent sequences, restricted growth functions, and staircase words. In each case we give efficient exhaustive generating algorithms and compare the obtained results