Comportement des BHP de laitier soumis aux cycles immersion-séchage

This article is part of a summary of the work developed in conjunction with the Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering from INSA Rennes and Research Unit: Materials, Processes and Environment, University of Boumerdes. One of the objectives was indeed to promote, through studies of variants, the use of local cementitious additions in the formulation of high performance concretes (HPC). The binding contribution of mineral additions to the physical, mechanical and durability of concrete was evaluated by an experimental methodology to subjugate their original granular and pozzolanic effect. The results show that the contribution of couple cement -slag intensification of the matrix is higher than that obtained when the cement is not substituted by addition. Therefore, a significant improvement in performance of concretes was observed, despite the adverse action immersion cycles - drying maintained for 365 days.Cet article constitue une partie d’une synthèse des travaux élaborés conjointement au Laboratoire de Génie Civil et de Génie Mécanique de l’INSA de Rennes et l’Unité de Recherche : Matériaux, Procédés et Environnement de l’Université de Boumerdès. Un des objectifs visés était en effet de valoriser, par des études de variantes, l’utilisation des ajouts cimentaires locaux dans la formulation des bétons à hautes performances (BHP). La contribution liante des additions minérales aux propriétés physiques, mécaniques et de durabilité des bétons a été évaluée par une méthodologie expérimentale originale permettant de subjuguer leur effet granulaire et pouzzolanique. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la contribution du couple ciment - laitier à la densification de la matrice est supérieure à celle obtenue lorsque le ciment n’est pas substitué par l’addition. Par conséquent, une amélioration significative des performances des bétons formulés a été observée, ceci malgré l’action préjudiciable des cycles immersion - séchage maintenus pendant 365 joursCet article constitue une partie d’une synthèse des travaux élaborés conjointement au Laboratoire de Génie Civil et de Génie Mécanique de l’INSA de Rennes et l’Unité de Recherche : Matériaux, Procédés et Environnement de l’Université de Boumerdès. Un des objectifs visés était en effet de valoriser, par des études de variantes, l’utilisation des ajouts cimentaires locaux dans la formulation des bétons à hautes performances (BHP). La contribution liante des additions minérales aux propriétés physiques, mécaniques et de durabilité des bétons a été évaluée par une méthodologie expérimentale originale permettant de subjuguer leur effet granulaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la contribution du couple ciment - laitier à la densification de la matrice est supérieure à celle obtenue lorsque le ciment n’est pas substitué par l’addition. Par conséquent, une amélioration significative des performances des bétons formulés a été observée, ceci malgré l’action préjudiciable des cycles immersion - séchage maintenus pendant 365 jours

Nutrition facts of infant formulas sold in São Paulo state: assessment of fat and fatty acid contents

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a informação nutricional fornecida pelos fabricantes de fórmulas infantis, comparando-as quanto aos teores obtidos na análise, ao conteúdo de lipídeos, ácidos graxos saturados, ácidos graxos trans, ácido linoleico, ácido alfa-linolênico, ácido araquidônico e ácido docosahexaenoico. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 14 amostras de seis marcas diferentes de fórmulas infantis comercializadas no Estado de São Paulo. A extração e a quantificação dos lipídeos foram realizadas pelo método oficial (Roese Gottlieb), e a quantificação dos ácidos graxos, pela cromatografia em fase gasosa pelo método de adição de padrão interno. As análises foram realizadas em triplicata. RESULTADOS: De acordo com os resultados, todas as amostras estavam em conformidade com a rotulagem para gordura total, uma estava em desacordo para ácidos graxos saturados, seis para ácidos graxos trans, quatro para ácido linoleico, dez para ácido alfa-linolênico, dois para ácido araquidônico e três para o ácido docosahexaenoico. As fórmulas infantis para lactentes de zero a seis meses foram as que revelaram as maiores diferenças em relação à informação nutricional fornecida pelo fabricante. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos apontam a necessidade de um contínuo monitoramento desses produtos por meio de programas de vigilância sanitária, uma vez que a inadequação dos nutrientes da fração lipídica e outros pode afetar de maneira significativa o desenvolvimento infantil.OBJECTIVE: This study determined the contents of fats, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in infant formulas and compared them with the nutrition facts reported on the respective packaging. METHODS: Fourteen samples of six different infant formula brands sold in the state of São Paulo were analyzed. The extraction and quantification of fats were done by the official method (Roese Gottlieb) and the quantification of fatty acids by gas chromatography using an internal standard. All analyses were repeated three times. RESULTS: The results showed that the nutrition facts printed on the packaging regarding total fats were correct for all samples, one was incorrect for saturated fatty acids, six were incorrect for trans fatty acids, four were incorrect for linoleic acid, ten were incorrect for alpha-linolenic acid, two were incorrect for arachidonic acid and three were incorrect for docosahexaenoic acid. The formulas that presented the greatest differences between nutrition facts and actual contents were those for infants aged zero to six months. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that sanitary surveillance programs need to constantly monitor these products since the incorrect amount of nutrients may significantly affect the child's development

Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Antenatal Clinic Attendees at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Seroprevalence and Associated Factors

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Vertical transmission is one of the modes of transmission. The risk of transmission increases if the mother is hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and more so if also hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive. Current magnitude of HBV infection at Muhimbili National Hospital MNH is not known, and could be on the increase due to the HIV epidemic, since the two have a shared mode of transmission. To determine the seroprevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Antenatal Clinic, Muhimbili National Hospital between 31stAugust and 22nd September 2010. Data including socio-demographic (age, residence, marital status, education level, occupation) sexual history (number of life-time sexual partners), obstetrics (parity) and history of blood transfusion were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood specimen was collected for detection of HBsAg, HBeAg, IgM antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc), antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen \ud (anti-HBs) and HIV antibodies. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained prior to the enrolment in the study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16.0. Fisher’s exact tests were used for analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. A total of 310 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Their overall mean (SD) age was 28.5 (5.4) years. Majority of the women were from the Kinondoni Municipality, married and had primary education. Ninety-six (31.0%) of the women were primigravidae. Of the 310 women 12 (3.9%) tested positive for HBsAg. Of the 12 women with positive HBsAg, none had detectable anti-HBs antibodies. None had IgM HBcAb, excluding acute HBV infection. In addition, all these women tested negative for HBeAg. The prevalence of HIV infection was 9.7%. Three of 12 (25%) women had HBV and HIV co-infection. There were no significant differences between those who tested positive and those who tested negative to HBsAg with respect to age, residence, marital status, education level, occupation and parity. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences noted between the two groups with regard to number of life-time sexual partners, HIV serostatus and history of blood transfusion. The seroprevalence of 3.9% HBsAg was of moderate severity according to WHO. This finding would suggest for the introduction of routine screening for HBV to all pregnant women during the antenatal period, and that “at birth dose” vaccination is given to new born babies of mothers found to be HBsAg positive so as to reduce and prevent the spread of infection. However more data is required from larger studies to support the findings so that ultimately this can be recommended as a policy\u

Olive Oil in Brazil: Economic and Regulatory Control Aspects

The oil extracted from olives has characteristics that set it apart from other vegetable oils. Its exceptional sensory and nutritional attributes and its limited production are among the aspects that give it high market value. However, oils of different grades and quality are obtained from the fruit of the olive tree. Thus, producers are interested in improving and disseminating product quality control techniques. Brazil’s domestic demand is met by imported olive oils, with Brazil being one of the world’s main importers. Recently, the expansions of the market and the commercial production outlook have intensified the work of the Brazilian government in improving the legal requirements to control this product and enable laboratories to monitor quality. Despite government initiatives, the trade of this oil in Brazil has always been, and continues to be, marked by evidence of fraud and adulteration. The present work aims to provide an overview of the economic, regulatory, and inspection aspects involving the olive oil in Brazil, emphasizing the initiatives to improve the control of this important product

Tingkat Motivasi Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Calon Karyawan Perhutani Group tahun 2023

Learning motivation can be used as a reference in developing learning outcomes in order to achieve maximum results and as expected. Researchers took this research because to find out how high a person's learning motivation level is, this is considered important because a person's learning motivation level differs from one another. The method used in this research is a quantitative method while using a survey approach with a research design that is a descriptive survey design. In carrying out this research, as many as 60 items were compiled from the development of several indicators that had been selected after carrying out the process of evaluating the items by the examiners and having carried out validity and reliability tests. The results obtained that as much as 70% of the subjects have a high level of motivation to learn.Keywords: motivation,learning,Perhutan

Behavior of self- compacting concrete incorporating calcined pyrophyllite as supplementary cementitious material

The current trend of industrial concrete leans more towards the use of self-compacting concrete. These must have fresh properties well defined as fluidity, filling ability and resistance to segregation. However, to ensure the rheological stability, use mineral fines is required. In this work, powder of calcined pyrophyllite (CP) was used as cement substitution at level of 10% and 20% by weight. The interest is focused on the role played by the calcined pyrophyllite to produce SCC with reduced impact environmental.. Calcination of pyrophyllite powder was carried out at 750 °C. Its effect on the workability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete is analyzed. The results show that the properties of workability of SCC containing 10% of calcined pyrophyllite tested at fresh state (Slump Flow, T50, passing ability and segregation resistance) are almost identical to those of the control SCC. Furthermore, the calcined pyrophyllite increases the compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength of SCC approaching without exceeding those of the control SCC. It seems that 10 % of calcined pyrophyllite is the optimum replacement rate which improves mechanical strength compared to 20%. Replacing cement with the calcined pyrophyllite aims to save cement and reduce the CO2 emissions released during the manufacture of cement

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among antenatal clinic attendees at a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The risk of vertical transmission increases if the mother is hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and more so when she is also hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive. Since 2000, the World Health Organization recommends screening of pregnant women for HBV infection. However, this is not currently practiced in Tanzania. The objective of this study was to determine seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Muhimbili National Hospital, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This cross-sectional study was conducted from August-September 2010. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric and risk factors such as history of blood transfusion, and risky sexual practices was collected.  Blood samples were tested for HBsAg, HBeAg, antibodies to HBsAg (Anti-HBs), IgM antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc) and anti-HIV antibodies. A total of 310 pregnant women (28.5±5.4 years) were enrolled in the study. Thirty-one percent (96) of the women were primigravidae. Most of studied women were of low educational status and married. The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 3.9% (12/310) and none had detectable anti-HBs. None had IgM HBcAb, thus excluding acute HBV infection. All women tested negative for HBeAg. The overall seroprevalence of HIV infection was 9.7%. Three of 12 (25%) women had HBV-HIV co-infection. None of the assessed associated factors were significantly related to HBV infection. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HBsAg among women attending antenatal care at Muhimbili National Hospital is moderate. It is recommended to introduce routine antenatal screening for HBV and “at birth dose” vaccination to new born babies of mothers found to be HBsAg positive