Nondestructive evaluation of wooden logs using ground penetrating radar

Presently there are no suitable non-invasive methods for precisely detecting the subsurface defects in logs in real time. Internal defects such as knots, decays, and embedded metals are of greatest concern for lumber production. While defects such as knots and decays (rots) are of major concern related to productivity and yield of high value wood products, embedded metals can damage the saw blade and significantly increase the down time and maintenance costs of saw mills.;Nondestructive scanning of logs using techniques such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) prior to sawing can greatly increase the productivity and yield of high value lumber. Currently GPR has been widely used for civil engineering applications for nondestructive testing of bridges and highways. GPR is also being used for geological and archeological purposes where the imaging needs in many ways are similar to that of logs. However, GPR application in the field of wood industry is very new. GPR has advantages both technically and economically over other non-invasive techniques like X-ray, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Stress Wave and Ultrasound. GPR can collect subsurface data much faster compared to many other techniques and provides better penetrating power. For every application the frequency of EM wave plays a very important role.;The main objective of this research is to investigate the use GPR for identifying subsurface defects in logs. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Silver-Russell Syndrome: A Case Report

A 15-year-old male boy with hemihypertrophy (left side) of the body was admitted in the hospital with the history of repeated attacks of convulsion. The patient was diagnosed as Silver-Russell syndrome on clinical ground. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a very rare genetic disorder that appears no later than early childhood. This is usually characterized by asymmetry in the size of the two halves or other parts of the body. Silver-Russell Syndrome occurs mostly in isolated cases because of sporadic genetic changes (mutations) for no apparent reason. For lack of facilities we were not able to do genetic study

STUDY OF EPITHELIAL PHENOTYPE AFTER PTERYGIUM EXCISION BY USING CONJUNCTIVAL IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY

Purpose: To compare the process of conjunctival epithelial regeneration after three types of pterygium excision procedures. Methods: Twenty-two patients (27 Eyes) with primary progressive pterygium were randomly assigned to the bare-sclera procedure (group I, 9 eyes), pterygium excision with amniotic membrane transplantation (group II, 9 eyes), and pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting (group II, 9 eyes). Controls were healthy fellow eyes and ten eyes of age and sex matched subjects. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed with Millipore filter paper (0.025-0.22 microns) of 3 x 3 mm pieces pre and postoperatively at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The nucleus to cytoplasm ratio of goblet epithelial cells and goblet cell density in pterygium area were calculated and compared between groups. Results: Pterygium excision wounds healed in a similar four-stage process in all the groups, but at different rates. The nucleus-to-cytoplasm N/C ratio was highest at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months in group III, II, and I respectively, before gradually returning to control levels. Pre-operatively, the goblet cell density GCD in treated eyes was twice than controls (p 0.001) but fell to zero post-operatively. Goblet cells first appeared in group III, followed by group II. At 12 months, the mean GCD in group III was not significantly different from controls, whereas in group I and II were still less than controls (P 0.02) Conclusion: Conjunctival autograft prevents pterygium recurrence more effectively than AMT. Impression cytology revealed a marked decrease in goblet cell density in the bare sclera and AMT cases while goblet cells returned to normal size, shape, and density in conjunctival autograft group. Even 1 year after surgery, the ocular surface remained abnormal with respect to epithelial phenotypes in all techniques

ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF VYADHIVIDHWANSANA RASA (AN HERBOMINERAL PREPARATION): IN VITRO STUDY

Ayurveda-The traditional medicinal science in India has holistic approach and practiced widely in the subcontinent. Large parts of the Ayurvedic drugs are heromineral preparations. These preparations are broad spectrum as far as its indications are concerned. Definite mode of action of these drugs are inexplicable. Vyadhividhwansana Rasa is an herbomineral preparation used for treating acute fever, interrupted fever, fever of unknown origin, ascites, splenomegaly, colic pain, Vata vyadhi, Aama jwara (first stage of fever) and Vishama jwara (irregular fever). In view of its therapeutic indications an antimicrobial study was designed to ascertain its probable mode of action. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Vyadhividhwansana Rasa against test organisms at different concentration. Vyadhividhwansana Rasa was prepared as per Ayurvedic texts. Positive control Streptomycin [5mg(w/v)] and negative control 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were prepared. Solution of Vyadhividhwansana Rasa were prepared in three concentrations at 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml in DMSO and was tested for its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi by agar-well diffusion method. The measured Inhibition Zone ranged from 4-34 mm for all the sensitive bacteria. All the bacteria except Salmonella typhi were found Susceptible (S) against Vyadhividhwansana Rasa compared to standard. Salmonella typhi was found Intermediate sensitive (I). The antimicrobial activity of the extracts increased when the solution is more concentrated

Assessment of radiological evidence of collapse of distal end radius fracture after treating with cast, percutaneous k-wire fixation and external fixator

Background: Distal end radius fractures are the most common fractures seen among all orthopaedic injuries, accounts for nearly 20% of all fractures coming to the emergency department.There are various treatment modalities for distal end radius fracture which includes closed reduction and casting, closed reduction with external fixation and closed reduction with internal fixation.Methods: This retrospective study was done on patients who underwent distal end radius fracture surgery in the Department of Orthopaedics at MGM Hospital Kamothe in the last 2 years from May 2015 to May 2017. Total of 108 patients were included in the study, out of which 62 were males and 46 were females undergoing distal end radius fracture surgery. The mean age was 34.5 (28-75 years age group). All patients were assessed with wrist radiograph to see the collapse post-operatively and after 4-6 weeks.Results: The mean age was 34.5 (28-75 years age group). Out of 108, three females treated with cast lost for follow up. Out of all three modalities we took under study, we found that the average radial height in cast was 15 mm, in k wire was 10.5 mm while in external fixator was 12.5 mm. The average articular step in cast was 1.3 mm, in k wire was 2.1 mm while in external fixator was 1.8 mm. Fracture collapse was seen as 23.3% in cast, 21.4% in k-wire and 13.8% by external fixator.Conclusions: Distal end radius fractures are most common fractures seen daily in both OPD and emergency. A basic idea about this fracture should be known general physicians also such as splinting as they also encountered with them routinely. External fixator is quite effective method of treatment for these fractures. In our study we have discussed closed reduction and fixation techniques and found better results with external fixator using principle of ligamentotaxis

Unusual presentation of fibrolamellar carcinoma: A rare case report

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (fHCC) is a distinct type of first time used hence- hepatocellular carcinoma affecting particularly young patient with no gender predilection. However, there is increasing evidence of occurrence of this tumor in elderly patients also. Abdominal imaging with pre-operative biopsy provides accurate diagnosis. However, in difficult situations, CD68, cytokeratin 7, HepPar1, etc., immunohistochemical stains provide accurate diagnosis to differentiate this condition from other malignancies. Hereby, we present a case of fHCC in a 55-year-old female with equivocal imaging features and diagnosis was made by histopathology aided by immunohistochemistry