THE INTANGIBLE ASSETS INVESTMENTS. CHARACTERISTICS AND THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT

In the knowledge-based economy the fundamental determinants of the enterprise value, in the present, have an intangible nature. The intangible investments are the most important factors of the enterprise success. Wealth, growth and welfare are driven nowadays by intangible investments. The knowledge economy is characterized by huge investments in human capital and informational technology. Despite of the increased importance of intangible assets, as the source of the firm` competitive advantages, the information regarding these kind of assets, both available in the inside of the firm and, which is presented to the externals, is pour. In this paper I present the reasons for this situation.intangible, investments, assets, accountancy, value

The Intangible Assets Investments: Accounting Treatment and Risks for Capital Investors and Management

In the knowledge-based economy, the fundamental determinants of the company’s value, in the present, have an intangible nature. The intangible investments are the most important factors of the enterprise success. Wealth, growth and welfare are driven nowadays by intangible investments. The knowledge economy is characterized by huge investments in human capital and informational technology. The current accounting regulation does not allow companies to capitalize a big part of investments in intangibles (produced by a company) and to report these as assets in the financial reports. There are inconsistencies regarding the book-keeping treatment of the two categories of intangible assets: internally generated and externally, acquired from the outside of the company.investments, intangible assets, valuation, book value, investors, managers.

OPPORTUNITY TO REDUCE RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IN A PROCESS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

This paper aims to present the research results conducted on several models of organizational change regarding the identification of the appropriate moment in which the managers interest should turn towards the reduction of the employees resistance to change. More specifically, we intend to identify when is the best moment to reduce the resistance to change, depending on the change we want to achieve. After more research of organizational change models, we have reached the following conclusions: - not all models of organizational change present reducing resistance to change as a necessary stage; - the place of this phase in the models of organizational change is not considered to be the same; - some models of organizational change recommend indirectly reducing employee resistance to change by indicating the use of some methods, techniques, processes that would lead to this result. Here we include mainly: communication, training, positive motivation of employees; - we recommended that the place of this stage should vary depending on the desired change to achieve; - in strategic changes, which are extremely important for an organization and which affect a large number of employees, we recommend that the reduction of the employee resistance to change be achieved before passing to the implementation of the plan developed to implement the change; - in imposed changes, in conditions of crisis when we have no time available to plan the change, immediately after it had been implemented it is necessary to conduct effective actions meant to ensure, even if the change has been made, the reduction of the resistance to change of the affected employees - to achieve time savings in the process of organizational change, we recommend that after having obtained a certain attachment of some employees to change, the implementation of the methods, of the techniques that would increase their commitment to continue to be developed in parallel with the implementation of the change.organizational change, resistance to change, success, opportunity, organizational change model

2,3;5,6-Di-O-isopropyl­idene-1-O-(2-phenyl­acet­yl)-α-d-mannofuran­ose

The title compound, C20H26O7, was prepared by esterification of 2,3;5,6-di-O-isopropyl­idene-α-d-mannofuran­ose with phenyl­acetic acid under standard DCC/DMAP (DCC = dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and DMAP = 4-dimethylaminopyridine) con­ditions. The solid-state structure confirms the retention of the α-configuration at the anomeric C atom. The compound is characterized by a relatively rigid framework with only a few degrees of freedom. Comparison with other di-O-isopropyl­idenemannofuran­ose derivatives shows the main differences to be associated with the flexible dimethyl­dioxolane ring, and that there are only small differences for the 2,3-O-isopropyl­idene-α-d-manno­furan­ose backbone. The packing is marked by a large number of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions

La recepción de la estética de Richard Wagner en la obra de Rubén Darío

El estudio de la recepción de la obra de Richard Wagner en la cultura occidental, desde la última década del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, ha sido un tema de interés para numerosos investigadores. Esta recepción se distingue por su naturaleza multidisciplinar, que se manifiesta tanto en el ámbito musical como en otros campos artísticos y responde a la propia concepción estética de este compositor alemán: un nuevo Drama musical centrado en la innovadora Obra de arte total (Gesamtkunstwerk). En el ámbito literario, la influencia de la estética wagneriana ha sido ampliamente analizada en relación con el simbolismo francés. Sin embargo, su impacto en la literatura en lengua española ha recibido escasa atención crítica. En este contexto, el presente estudio se centra en la influencia estética de Richard Wagner en la literatura hispana, específicamente en la obra completa del nicaragüense Rubén Darío. Se examinará cómo Wagner, en su triple faceta de compositor, poeta y teórico del arte, influyó en Darío –considerado el precursor del modernismo– en la configuración de su revolución literaria, estética y cultural

Surface properties of distinct nanofibrillated celluloses assessed by inverse gas chromatography

The adhesion and surface properties of nanocelluloses are an important issue to consider when using this material for composites production, in food packaging or coatings, as well as for determining the influence of added functional groups. In the present work, the surface properties of two nanofibrillated celluloses obtained by mild 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1- oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation with distinct mechanical treatment intensity in a homogenizer (5 and 15 passes), and one nanofibrillated cellulose obtained by enzymatic process, were thoroughly assessed by inverse chromatography, at infinite dilution conditions. The dispersion component of the surface energy ( s d) was 42-46 mJ m-2 at 40 ºC for the TEMPO nanofibres and 52 mJ m-2 for the enzymatic nanocellulose. It was confirmed, based on the determination of the specific components of the works of adhesion and enthalpies of adsorption with polar probes, that the surfaces of the materials have a more Lewis acidic than Lewis basic character. Regarding TEMPO nanofibres, a slight increase of Lewis acidity/basicity ratio seemed to occur for the more nanofibrillated material (15-passes). Higher specific interactions with polar probes were found for enzymatic nanocellulose. The higher values of s d and specific interactions observed for the enzymatic nanocellulose could partly be due to the higher crystallinity of this sample. On the other hand, the increase of the acidity/basicity ratio (as well as of the s d value) for the 15-passes vs. 5-passes TEMPO nanofibres was attributed to a higher exposition of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose at the surface of the former material

« Écrire » une traduction

RÉSUMÉ « Écrire » une traduction Mona Sacui Catrinescu Lorsqu’il traduit, l’auteur-traducteur est, selon Richard Vautour, atteint de « l’angoisse de l’écriture », affliction touchant tout écrivain. Son œuvre personnelle est relancée par le texte à traduire, ce qui crée une tension lors de la traduction. À partir de cela, on pourrait présumer que l’auteur-traducteur diffère considérablement du traducteur littéraire conventionnel à cause de son identité d’écrivain. Pourtant — et c’est ce que la partie critique de ce mémoire vise à démontrer —, l’auteur-traducteur se distingue en fait peu du traducteur littéraire conventionnel. C’est en explorant la relation entre écriture et traduction, ainsi que les caractéristiques du traducteur qui écrit, que nous verrons à quel point ces deux types de traducteurs sont similaires. De plus, grâce à notre propre expérience de traduction de deux nouvelles du recueil The Beggar’s Garden du jeune Canadien Michael Christie, nous verrons si notre propre identité d’auteure-traductrice a eu une incidence sur le processus et le résultat de la traduction. La première partie de ce mémoire est donc consacrée à l’analyse de la traduction en tant qu’écriture, suivie par une enquête sur les similarités entre l’auteur-traducteur du traducteur littéraire conventionnel. Nous nous penchons également sur notre propre expérience de traduction de « The Extra » et « Goodbye Porkpie Hat » afin de déterminer quels ont été les effets concrets de notre double identité sur le texte d’arrivée. La deuxième partie du mémoire consiste quant à elle en la traduction des deux nouvelles. -- ABSTRACT « Écrire » une traduction Mona Sacui Catrinescu When at work, the writer-translator suffers from what Richard Vautour calls the “anguish of writing” (l’angoisse de l’écriture), an affliction known to all writers. Indeed, the piece that must be translated stimulates the writer-translator and awakens his or her own oeuvre, thus creating tension during the translation. Taking this into account, one could easily presume that, because of his or her identity as a writer, the writer-translator is very different from the average literary translator. This thesis aims, however, to show that the writer-translator is in actual fact not all that different from the average literary translator. By exploring the relationship between writing and translating, as well as the characteristics of the translator who writes, we have discovered just how similar these two types of translators are. The personal experience of translating two shorts stories from The Beggar’s Garden by young Canadian author Michael Christie has also served as a means to determine if being a writer-translator has had any effect on the process and result of the translation. The first part of this thesis consists of an analysis of translation as writing, and is followed by an investigation on the similarities between the writer-translator and the literary translator. We also look at my translation of “The Extra” and “Goodbye Porkpie Hat” in order to see what effects (if any) my double identity has had on the target texts. The translations themselves are featured in the second part of the thesis

Effect of Steric Constraint at the γ-Backbone Position on the Conformations and Hybridization Properties of PNAs

Conformationally preorganized peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been synthesized through backbone modifications at the γ-position, where R = alanine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine side chains. The effects of these side-chains on the conformations and hybridization properties of PNAs were determined using a combination of CD and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. Our results show that the γ-position can accommodate varying degrees of sterically hindered side-chains, reaffirming the bimodal function of PNAs as the true hybrids of “peptides” and “nucleic acids.

The Sources of Revenue Synergies in Mergers & Acquisitions

Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) have become in today’s modern business environment an important tool used by companies for achieving the growth and creation the value for shareholders. Creation the synergies in the M&A process is one of the most important reasons that stands at the base of the acquisition decisions of the companies. Many M&A transactions are justified by the amount of projected synergies. In this paper, we propose to clarify the sources of revenue synergies in horizontal mergers. Revenue synergies are, theoretically, developed based on the resource-based theory. Combining complementary resources can help firms gain strategic advantage and increase their revenues. We have tried to answer to the questions like: what kind of complementary resources can be combined by companies for obtaining the revenue synergies; what are the modalities in which the combination of these types of complementary resources can generate revenue synergies

Intangible Assets in Business Combinations

In business combinations, following IFRS 3 and SFAS 141 the acquiring company must recognized the entirety of intangible assets of the acquired company either as separately identified assets or under the aggregate asset “goodwill`. The identifying and separating of intangible assets is a difficult activity. The intangible assets identified in each transaction vary across the industries. This situation can be explain by the fact that the key intangible value drivers differ significantly across industries In this paper I have concerned with identification of intangible assets specific to a number of industries characterized by having a high proportion of intangible assets. In many companies and industries can been identified both common (well accepted) types of intangible assets such as intellectual property (such as trademarks, copyrights, patents, or research and development), technology, customer base, brand names and unique intangible assets specific to that industry or enterprise