ANALISA BULLWHIP EFFECT PADA SUPPLY CHAIN CV. ARI TIRTA MANDIRI BOYOLALI

CV Ari Tirta Mandiri merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang pendistribusian produk AMDK (Air Minum Dalam Kemasan), pendistribusian dilakukan dengan mendistribusikan produknya ke retailer diwilayah pemasaran Boyolali dan Klaten. Dalam melakukan pendistribusian perlu pengurangan keragaman untuk dapat melakukan pendistrbusian, permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah peningkatan permintaan dari chain hulu ke arah hilir mengukuti arus informasi yang berjalan dalam sistem rantai pasok perusahaan tersebut. Fenomena ini dinamakan Bullwhip Effect yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian dalam perusahaan. Salah satu penyebab dari fenomena ini adalah koordinasi yang kurang dari tiap chain dari rantai pasok tersebut. Kesulitan yang paling berpengaruh adalah jumlah permintaan yang selalu berubah ubah yang menjadi tantangan bagi Forecasting untuk selalu menghasilkan peramalan yang paling akurat untuk menjaga keseimbangan persediaan di tiap-tiap retailnya dengan demand pasar. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan pendekatan Supply Chain Management diawali dengan menghitung semua nilai variabilitas tiap level agregasi pengukuran Bullwhip Effect. Diperoleh identifikasi Bullwhip effect (ω1=1,04653 dan ω3 sebesar 1,067) dimana 1,0083 kemudian dengan mengunakan software QSB 3.0 yang didalamnya untuk terdapat modul peramalan dengan metode Moving Average, Smoothing dan Winter’s Model dilakukan peramalan untuk mendapatkan tingkat permintaan yang digunakan untuk simulasi untuk mengurangi Bullwhip Effect. Tolak ukur dari metode ini adalah nilai eror yang paling kecil dalam hal ini adalah MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation). Peramalan digunakan untuk memperbaiki BW tersebut sehingga menghasilkan ω1=0,8293 dan ω3 sebesar 0,855 dimana dari 1,0083

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Optic Disc; an Overview.

Different diseases of the optic disc may be caused by or lead to abnormal vasculature at the optic nerve head. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel technology that provides high resolution mapping of the retinal and optic disc vessels. Recent studies have shown the ability of OCTA to visualize vascular abnormalities in different optic neuropathies. In addition, quantified OCTA measurements were found promising for differentiating optic neuropathies from healthy eyes

Computational aberration compensation by coded-aperture-based correction of aberration obtained from optical Fourier coding and blur estimation

We report a novel generalized optical measurement system and computational approach to determine and correct aberrations in optical systems. The system consists of a computational imaging method capable of reconstructing an optical system’s pupil function by adapting overlapped Fourier coding to an incoherent imaging modality. It recovers the high-resolution image latent in an aberrated image via deconvolution. The deconvolution is made robust to noise by using coded apertures to capture images. We term this method coded-aperture-based correction of aberration obtained from overlapped Fourier coding and blur estimation (CACAO-FB). It is well-suited for various imaging scenarios where aberration is present and where providing a spatially coherent illumination is very challenging or impossible. We report the demonstration of CACAO-FB with a variety of samples including an in vivo imaging experiment on the eye of a rhesus macaque to correct for its inherent aberration in the rendered retinal images. CACAO-FB ultimately allows for an aberrated imaging system to achieve diffraction-limited performance over a wide field of view by casting optical design complexity to computational algorithms in post-processing

Subretinal Fluid in Eyes with Active Ocular Toxoplasmosis Observed Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose To describe the clinical finding of subretinal fluid (SRF) in the posterior pole by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes with active ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). Design Retrospective case series. Participants Thirty-eight eyes from 39 patients with active OT. Methods Eyes with active OT which underwent SD-OCT were reviewed. SRFs in the posterior pole were further analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Presence of SRF; its accompanying features, e.g. retinal necrosis, cystoid macular edema (CME), choroidal neovascularization (CNV); and longitudinal changes of SRF, including maximum height and total volume before and after treatment. Results SRF presented in 45.5% (or 15/33) of eyes with typical active OT and in 51.3% (or 20/39) of eyes with active OT. The mean maximum height and total volume of SRF were 161.0 (range: 23–478) µm and 0.47 (range: 0.005–4.12) mm3, respectively. For 12 eyes with SRF related to active retinal necrosis, SRF was observed with complete absorption after conventional anti-toxoplasmosis treatment. The mean duration for observation of SRF clearance was 33.8 (range: 7–84) days. The mean rate of SRF clearance was 0.0128 (range: 0.0002–0.0665) mm3/day. Conclusions SRF (i.e., serous retinal detachment) is a common feature in patients with active OT when SD-OCT is performed. The majority of SRF was associated with retinal necrosis and reacted well to conventional therapy, regardless of total fluid volume. However, SRF accompanying with CME or CNV responded less favorably or remained refractory to conventional or combined intravitreal treatment, even when the SRF was small in size

Comparison of Spectral/Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Instruments for Assessment of Normal Macular Thickness

Author Manuscript 2011 February 1.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report normal macular thickness measurements and assess reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements acquired by a time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Stratus, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) and three commercially available spectral/Fourier domain OCT instruments (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.; RTVue-100, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA; 3D OCT-1000, Topcon, Inc., Paramus, NJ). Methods: Forty randomly selected eyes of 40 normal, healthy volunteers were imaged. Subjects were scanned twice during 1 visit and a subset of 25 was scanned again within 8 weeks. Retinal thickness measurements were automatically generated by OCT software and recorded after manual correction. Regression and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare agreement between instruments. Reproducibility was analyzed by using intraclass correlation coefficients, and incidence of artifacts was determined. Results: Macular thickness measurements were found to have high reproducibility across all instruments with intraclass correlation coefficients values ranging 84.8% to 94.9% for Stratus OCT, 92.6% to 97.3% for Cirrus Cube, 76.4% to 93.7% for RTVue MM5, 61.1% to 96.8% for MM6, 93.1% to 97.9% for 3D OCT-1000 radial, and 31.5% to 97.5% for 3D macular scans. Incidence of artifacts was higher in spectral/Fourier domain instruments, ranging from 28.75% to 53.16%, compared with 17.46% in Stratus OCT. No significant age or sex trends were found in the measurements. Conclusion: Commercial spectral/Fourier domain OCT instruments provide higher speed and axial resolution than the Stratus OCT, although they vary greatly in scanning protocols and are currently limited in their analysis functions. Further development of segmentation algorithms and quantitative features are needed to assist clinicians in objective use of these newer instruments to manage diseases.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Contract RO1-EY11289-23)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Contract R01-EY13178-07)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Contract P30-EY008098)United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-07-1-0101)United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-07-1-0014

Making the Mission Computer Intelligent – A Step Ahead

Increasing the complexity of fighter aircraft like modern cockpit environments, covering highly integrated, and complex automatic functions, pose various demands on the crew and adding a heavy workload. Cognitive systems appear to be a promising approach to overcome these deficiencies in future combat aircraft. Developing human-centered automation and designing advanced technology that will capitalize on the relative strengths of humans and machines, are key to the success. This paper presents the approach of applying the artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in the critical mission computer (MC). The mission computer is the central controller of the entire avionics and acts as the front end to the pilot and all other avionic systems  by providing all the sensors information, presenting the pilot-vehicle interface and thereby helping a lot in reducing the heavy workload of the pilot. Hence cognitive processing in the MC will make MC to act as an electronic crew assistant sharing the workload of the pilot and helping him in severe situations. Intricate aircraft systems increase the need for intelligent cooperation between pilots and aircraft which will be fulfilled by making the MC as smart or intelligent MC.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(2), pp.174-180, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.426

Retinal vein occlusion and macular edema – critical evaluation of the clinical value of ranibizumab

Retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) constitute the second most common cause of retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, with a prevalence of between 1% and 2% in persons older than 40 years of age. Despite the existence of numerous potential therapeutic options, none is entirely satisfactory, and many patients with RVO suffer irreversible visual loss. Fortunately however, the recent introduction of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, such as ranibizumab (Lucentis®, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) and bevacizumab (Avastin®, Genentech), offers a potentially new treatment approach for clinicians managing this disorder. The results of the BRAVO and CRUISE trials have provided the first definitive evidence for the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab in the treatment of RVO. As a result, ranibizumab has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of RVO-associated macular edema. In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of clinical trial data for the safety and efficacy of ranibizumab, and address unresolved issues in the management of this disorder

Development of Anti-VEGF Therapies for Intraocular Use: A Guide for Clinicians

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form from existing vessel networks. In the past three decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of angiogenesis; progress driven in large part by the increasing realization that blood vessel growth can promote or facilitate disease. By the early 1990s, it had become clear that the recently discovered “vascular endothelial growth factor” (VEGF) was a powerful mediator of angiogenesis. As a result, several groups targeted this molecule as a potential mediator of retinal ischemia-induced neovascularization in disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Around this time, it also became clear that increased intraocular VEGF production was not limited to ischemic retinal diseases but was also a feature of choroidal vascular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Thus, a new therapeutic era emerged, utilizing VEGF blockade for the management of chorioretinal diseases characterized by vascular hyperpermeability and/or neovascularization. In this review, we provide a guide for clinicians on the development of anti-VEGF therapies for intraocular use