Critical Thinking Dispositions of Pre-service Turkish Language Teachers and Primary Teachers

The present study aimed to determine critical thinking dispositions of pre-service Turkish language and primary teachers in terms of several variables by employing descriptive survey design. The study group consisted of 215 senior students attending Turkish Language Teaching and Primary Education Departments of Necatibey Faculty of Education at Balikesir University in the 2012-2013 academic year. The data of the study was collected with The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory which was adapted to Turkish by Kökdemir (2003). The scale consisting of 6 sub-scales namely analyticity, open-mindedness, inquisitiveness, self-confidence, truth-seeking and systematicity has a reliability coefficient of 0.88. Coefficients of internal consistency for each subscale range between 0.61 and 0.78. The present study found the reliability of the scale as .85. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t test and one was variance analysis. It was observed in the study that the pre-service teachers had medium levels of critical thinking dispositions and that the level did not vary by their department, gender, time spent watching TV while critical thinking disposition increased as the number of books read per year went up

Visual communication design elements and application analysis in outdoor advertising

Kamusal alanlar günümüzde sosyal yaşamın merkezinde yer almaktadır. Kamusal alanların en önemli özelliği ise tüm insanlara açık bir alan olması, fikirlerin, düşüncelerin özgürce konuşulup, insanlar arasında iletişim ve etkileşimin en üst noktaya ulaştığı alanlar olmasıdır.Kalabalık şehir merkezlerinde yaşayan insanların etrafı sayısız görsel mesaj ve grafik tasarım ürünleri ile sarılmıştır. Globalleşen dünyamızda çağa ayak uydurabilmek amacıyla tüm bu ürünler tüketiciye ulaşmak için kullanılan en önemli reklam araçları olmuşlardır. Bu araçlar reklam pazarının en büyük ve en önemli payına sahip oldukları için kendi aralarındaki rekabet günümüzde en üst seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Açıkhava reklamlarının, doğal yaşam ortamının doğal bir parçası gibi algılanmamaları için görsel açıdan fark yaratarak benzerlerinden ayrılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle reklamlar sosyal yaşamın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline gelmiştir ve açıkhava reklamlarının görsel tasarımları son derece büyük önem taşımaktadır.Bu araştırma hedef kitlenin dış mekanda kullanılan açıkhava reklamlarıyla tüketici kitle arasındaki sosyolojik, ekonomik, psikolojik etkileşimin, görsel tasarımın belirleyici unsurları yönünden analiz edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma, İstanbul'da çeşitli üniversitelerde grafik ve iletişim tasarım bölümlerinde okuyan/mezun 150 kişinin, açıkhava reklam ortamları üzerine yanıtladıkları kapsamlı bir anket çalışmasının değerlendirilmesini içermektedir.Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde dış mekan/kamusal alan hakkında bilgi verilerek; dış mekanda algı, biçimsel, anlamsal, işlevsel boyut şeklinde ele alınıp mekan ve insan arasındaki iletişim ve etkileşim konusuna değinilmiştir. Bu konulara ek olarak; dış mekanda görsel iletişim başlığı altında, iletişim süreci ve çeşitleri, görsel iletişimde algılama ölçütleri ve dış mekanda grafik tasarım başlığı altında tasarım süreci, temel tasarım elemanları ve grafik tasarımda belirleyici unsurlar ayrıntılı bir şekilde görsel örneklerle anlatılmıştır.Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde açıkhava reklamcılığı ve ortam ana başlığı altında, reklamın tanımı, reklamın tarihsel gelişim süreci, açıkhava reklamcılığı başlığı altında açıkhava reklam ortamları ve özellikleri, açıkhava reklam ortamlarının avantajları ile dezavantajları, planlama sürecinde açıkhava reklamlarının konumu ve açıkhava reklamlarında semiyoloji (Göstergebilm) konuları görsel örneklerle ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır.Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise hedef kitlenin açıkhava reklamlarında dikkatlerini çeken öğeleri tespit etmek, açıkhava reklam ortamlarının görsel tasarımın (Görsel Hiyerarşi ve orantı, görsel devamlılık, bütünlük, vurgulama ve tipografi.) gibi belirleyici unsurları yönünden analiz edilmesi ve açıkhava reklamlarının iletişim tasarımı perspektifinde nasıl hazırlanması gerektiğini değerlendirmeye yönelik bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır.Public areas take their places in the center of social life nowadays. The most significant feature of these public areas is that they are open to every single person, and all the thoughts and ideas are discussed freely. Public areas are places where the level of communication and interaction between people are the highest.The people living in crowded city centers are surrounded by numerous visual messages and graphic design products. In our globalized world, all of these products have become the most important advertisement tools in order to keep up with the time. Since these products have the biggest and the most important portion of the advertisement market, the competition between them have become its top level. In order not to perceive the open air advertisements as the parts of natural life, they should be differentiated from their counterparts by creating distinctions. This is why advertisements have become the indispensable parts of social life and the visual designs of the open air advertisements have big importance.This research aims to make an analysis of the decisive components of the visual design by observing the sociological, economical, psychological features between the target group and the consumer group. Therefore, the research is consisted of the evaluation of a survey study, about open air advertisement areas, answered by 150 people studying or graduated from the graphic and communication design departments of Istanbul's various universities.In the first section of the research; perception in public area is examined in terms of style, semantic, function and the communication and interaction between the area and the people, by giving information about the outer space/public area. In addition to this subjects, under the title of visual communication in public areas, the kinds and processes of communication, perception criteria in visual communication design process, and basic design elements are explained in details with visual examples.In the second section of the research; under the title of open air advertisement and the environment; the definition of advertisement, the historical development process of the advertisement, the areas of open air advertisements and their features, the advantages and disadvantages of open air advertisements, semiology in open air advertisements are studied in details with visual examples.In the last section of the research; a survey study is held to determine the components which draws the attention of the target group, and an evaluation is made how the advertisements should be designed in the perspective of communication design and the analysis of the visual design of the open air advertisements in terms of visual hierarchy and proportion, visual persistence, integrity, highligthing and typography is made

The Olympus Scandal: a documentary investigation inside a major Corporate Governance Scandal in Japan.

Purpose / Research Problem – This dissertation aims at investigating the Corporate Governance scandal that occurred at Olympus Corporation in 2011. Drawing from its analysis and conclusions, the study arrives to a set of factors influencing such a scandal, such as corporate culture and poor Corporate Governance design. The research has not yet fully explored this scandal, although it appears important in order to enhance Corporate Governance designs around the world. Design / Methodology / Approach – The study examines the drivers of the Olympus scandal through a thorough document analysis. Data was gathered through a set of 54 newspapers articles, from 3 main sources (The Economist, Financial Times and The Guardian). Several complementary sources were used too, such as insiders’ reports and an independent committee report. Findings – From this study, we establish the importance of several drivers of this kind of scandals: corporate culture, individual attributes and most of all Corporate Governance mechanisms. Consequences for various stakeholders are also considered. Particularly, Japanese Governance must adapt to international standards and improve its regulation, as several factors suggest a propitious environment for such scandals. Research limitations & Implications – The topic has been investigated through a single case study, consequently generalizability should be considered cautiously, drawing on several other cases. The results will help managers foster a Corporate Governance reform in Japan, through standards improvements, emphasizing a need for culture awareness when drafting it. Originality & Value – This study is one of the first attempts to study the entirety of the Olympus Scandal, and draws on its conclusion to suggest areas of Corporate Governance reform. Also, it is important to analyze Corporate Governance scandals and understand their key drivers in order to prevent any other one in the future

Attityder till Bokföringsbrott

Fenomenet bokföringsbrott utförs på grund av att företagare vill få egen vinning eller att de befinner sig i ekonomiska svårigheter det förekommer också bokföringsbrott som beror på företagarens okunskap. Bokföringsbrott är vanligast i småföretag där ägaren är involverad i själva bokföringen

UTERUSTA DIAGNOSTIK KÜRETAJA SEKONDER ARTMIŞ F-18 FDG TUTULUMU OLGUSU

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the women, and if it can be detected in the earlier stages, the curability and the prognosis of the endometrial cancers can be better. A 52 year-old female patient, as part of ongoing research project in our clinic on endometrial carcinoma, was referred to our clinic with a suspicion of endometrial carcinoma with increased serum CA-125 measurement. Increased F-18 FDG uptake in uterine cavity that was secondary to the diagnostic curettage was demonstrated on F 18 FDG PET images. This uptake might be secondary to benign inflammatory changes or hemorrhage arising from diagnostic curettage that patient underwent ten days ago. According to our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating increased F-18 FDG uptake secondary to diagnostic curettage Endometrium kanseri kadınlarda en çok görülen malign tümörlerden birisidir. Erken teşhis edildiğinde tam tedavi şansı yüksektir ve prognozu çok iyi seyirlidir. Bölümümüzde endometrium kanseri ile ilgili olarak devam eden bir proje kapsamında, serum CA-125 yüksekliği ile endometrium kanseri şüphesi olan 53 yaşında kadın hasta bölümümüze refere edildi. PET görüntülerinde uterusda artmış F-18 FDG tutulumu izlenmiştir. Bu bulgunun hastanın öyküsünde 10 gün önce geçirilmiş diagnostik küretaja bağlı benign inflamatuar değişiklikler veya hemoraji ile ilgili olduğu düşünülmüştür. Bu olgu sunumunda diagnostik küretaja sekonder olduğu düşünülen F-18 FDG tutulumu muhtemelen literatürde ilk kez gösterilmektedi

Determining the Problems Syrian Immigrant Students Encounter in their Educational Process and Teachers' Practices to Eliminate these Problems

This study was conducted to determine the problems faced by Syrian students under temporary protection in the educational process based on teachers' opinions and to provide solutions by examining the applications made by teachers to eliminate these problems. In this study, a phenomenological pattern, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Research data was obtained through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured interview forms. The study group consists of 40 teachers working in kindergarten, elementary, secondary, and high schools, who were reached using the easily accessible case sampling technique, one of the purposeful sampling methods. To achieve the research purpose, answers were sought to the following questions: 1. According to the teachers' opinions, what do Syrian immigrant students face the main problems at school? 2. What are the teachers’ practices to solve the problems that Syrian immigrant students face? The obtained data were analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the research findings, the main problems of Syrian immigrant students are classified as socio-cultural, language, family, COVID-19, psychological, structural conditions of schools, and institutional issues. Teachers’ practices to solve these problems students face are determined as strengthening the physical and social structure of the school, teaching Turkish as a second language, and the role of family in education. According to the study findings, strengthening the physical structures of the schools and providing the necessary tools and educational materials will make it easier for Syrian immigrant students to learn and succeed in solving the problems they face in schools. In addition, improving the professional qualifications of existing teachers has emerged as an essential need. For this purpose, they must be supported by in-service training on vocational, inclusiveness and multicultural education. School-family-student cooperation has emerged as an effective way to solve problems. It is seen that creating a positive school climate with the school-family-student collaboration created by the efforts of some teachers makes a positive contribution to school commitment and education. This dissemination will facilitate the solution of problems. Since the study results are obtained from the participants’ experiences and inferences, this study is expected to contribute to educational practitioners, policymakers, and related literature

Rates of Chemical Reactions Embedded in a Metabolic Network by Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation NMR

International audienceThe isomerisation of 6-phosphogluconolactones and their hydrolyses into 6-phosphogluconic acid form a non enzymatic side cycle of the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) in cells. We show that dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization can be used for determining the kinetic rates of the involved transformations in real time. It is found that the hydrolysis of both lactones is significantly slower than the isomeration process, thereby shedding new light onto this subtle chemical process

PREVALENȚA MALFORMAȚIILOR CONGENITALE DIN ELBASAN, ALBANIA, PENTRU PERIOADA 2003-2013

BACKGROUND: Birth defects are a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Albania, similar to the situation observed in other post-communist countries in Europe. Our aim was to describe the magnitude and distribution of birth defects in Elbasan region, a rather polluted area in transitional Albania.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Elbasan region covering the period 2003-2013. The information for the period 2003-2009 was available from the Albanian Ministry of Health, whereas the information for the period 2010-2013 was based on the national surveillance system on congenital malformations which was established in Albania in 2009. Cox-Stuart test was used to assess the linear trend in the increase of birth defects in Elbasan region for the period 2003-2013. Conversely, Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the distribution of birth defects by socio-demographic characteristics and birth-related factors for the period 2010-2013.  RESULTS: Overall, there was evidence of an increase in the rate of birth defects n Elbasan region from 1.1/1000 births (in 2003) to 8.7/1000 births (in 2013). The trend over time was inconsistent notwithstanding the evidence of a borderline statistical significance (linear trend: P=0.063). During  2010-2013, there was evidence of an increase over time regarding the proportion of newborns with birth defects pertinent to rural areas of Elbasan region (P=0.04), but no relationship with mothers’ age or educational level, duration of pregnancy, and newborns’ sex or birth weight. CONCLUSION: Our study provides useful evidence on the magnitude and distribution of congenital malformations in Elbasan region, which consists of a highly polluted area in post-communist Albania. Health professionals in Albania and other transitional settings should be aware of the means of treatment and especially prevention of birth defects. Keywords: Albania, birth defects, congenital malformations, Elbasan, surveillance systemCADRU: Malformaţiile congenitale sunt o cauză majoră a mortalităţii şi morbidităţii infantile în Albania, similar cu situaţia observată în alte ţări post-comuniste din Europa. Scopul nostru a fost de a descrie amploarea și distribuția malformațiilor congenitale din Elbasan, o zonă destul de poluată în Albania în epoca tranziției.METODOLOGIE:  S-a efectuat un studiu transversal în regiunea Elbasan, pentru perioada anilor 2003-2013. Informaţiile pentru perioada anilor 2003-2009 au fost disponibile la Ministerul Albanez al Sănătații, informaţiile pentru perioada 2010- 2013 s-au bazat pe sistemul de supraveghere naţională a malformaţiilor congenitale instituit în Albania din anul 2009. Pentru perioada 2003-2013 s-a folosit Testul Cox-Stuart pentru a evalua tendinţa liniară de creştere a malformaţiilor congenitale în regiunea Elbasan. Invers, testul Fisher exact a fost folosit pentru a evalua distribuția malformaţiilor congenitale pe caracteristici socio-demografice şi pe factori aferenti nașterii, pentru perioada anilor 2010-2013.REZULTATE: În general, există dovezi de creștere a ratei malformaţiilor congenitale în regiunea Elbasan de la 1.1/1000 de nașteri (în 2003) la 8.7/1000 de nașteri (în 2013). Evoluţia în timp a fost inconsecventă, indiferent de dovezile de o semnificaţie statistică la limita (trend linear: P=0.063). Între anii 2010-2013, există dovezi de creștere, în timp, în ceea ce priveşte proporţia de nou-născuţi cu malformaţii congenitale corespunzătoare zonelor rurale din Elbasan (P=0.04), dar nicio relaţie cu vârstă sau cu nivelul de școlarizare a mamelor, de durata sarcinii, sexul sau greutatea la naştere  a nou-născuţilor. Cuvinte cheie: Albania, defecte din naștere, malformații congenitale, Elbasan, sistem de supraveghere. CONCLUZII: Studiul nostru oferă dovezi utile privind amploarea şi distribuţia malformaţiilor congenitale din regiunea Elbasan, zonă extrem de poluate în Albania post-comunistă. Profesioniştilor din domeniul sănătăţii în Albania şi alți decidenți de tranziție ar trebui să fie conştienţi de mijloacele de tratament şi mai ales de prevenirea malformaţiilor congenitale

Blau Syndrome and Early-Onset Sarcoidosis: A Six Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Objectives: This study aims to discuss the clinical, laboratory and genetic findings, and treatment options for six patients who were diagnosed with Blau syndrome (BS)/early-onset sarcoidosis (EOS). Patients and methods: The study included four patients (2 males,2 females; mean age 7 years; range 4 to 10 years) with EOS and two siblings (1 male, 1 female; mean age 10 years; range, 9 to 11 years) with BS. Age, age of initial symptoms, age of diagnosis; articular involvement, presence of uveitis, dermatitis, or fever, other organ involvement, laboratory findings, results of metabolic tests for mucopolysaccharidosis and mucolipidosis, results of genetic, pathologic, and immunologic tests, radiologic findings to evaluate skeletal dysplasia, and treatment options were collected. Results: The median age at diagnosis of all patients was 6 years (range, 1 to 10 years). Five patients had camptodactyly and bilateral boggy synovitis in the wrists and ankles, one had granulomatous inflammatory changes in the liver and kidney biopsy, and one had attacks of fever and granulomatous dermatitis. None had uveitis. The detected mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) were P268S (rs2066842), M513T (rs104895473), R702W (rs2066844), V955I (rs5743291), H343Y (rs199858111), and M491L (16:50745293). The treatments of patients included corticosteroids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab, anakinra, and canacinumab. Conclusion: Camptodactyly and boggy synovitis are important signs of BS/EOS. Methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor blockers are more effective in patients with predominantly articular symptoms. In patients 5 and 6 and their mother, we determined a novel M491L mutation in the NOD2 gene. Currently, this work is in progress towards identifying the pathogenesis and treatment options for this disease