Seprafilm® adhesion barrier: (1) a review of preclinical, animal, and human investigational studies

The aim of this study was to provide a single site resource for investigators, clinicians, and others seeking preclinical, animal, and human investigational studies concerning the postsurgical, anti-adhesion barrier Seprafilm™ (Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA). All published preclinical, animal, human extra-abdominal research as of July 2011 have been summarized and included in this document. Searches of Medline and EMBASE Drugs and Pharmaceuticals databases were conducted for original preclinical, animal, and human extra-abdominal studies involving Seprafilm. Preclinical, animal, and extra-abdominal human investigational studies are the study selection for this manuscript. Intraabdominal use is discussed in the accompanying manuscript. Data extraction includes systematic manuscript review. Summary of preclinical, animal, and extra-abdominal human investigational use of Seprafilm by surgical discipline were gathered for data synthesis. The clinical use of Seprafilm, which was approved by the FDA for intra-abdominal procedures, is supported by preclinical and animal studies relating to general surgical and obstetrical/gynecological applications. Findings from preclinical, animal, and human investigational studies at other sites throughout the body raises the potential for additional human clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety following surgical procedures at non-abdominal locations

Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok dengan Pendekatan Cognitive Information Processing terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pengambilan Keputusan Karir

This study aims to see whether there is an effect of group counseling with a cognitive information processing approach on improving career decision-making abilities in language major. The research method used in this study is an experimental research method with a one group pretest-posttest approach. The participants of this study are 28 people. The results show that career decision making before group counseling is carried out using cognitive information processing approaches shown by students is included in the low category, career decision making after conducting group counseling with a cognitive information processing approach that shown by students is included in the high category, with a difference of 0,68. In addition, the hypothesis results indicate that there is a significant difference between student career decision making before and after group counseling with a cognitive information processing approach. The results of this study are expected to be useful for BK teachers as well as career counsellors to help confused language majors in making their career decision

Sustainable energy transition for Pakistan: Assessing the role energy, water supply, social and gender equity dimensions

The main aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the energy, water and social dimensions of a 100% renewable energy system in Pakistan. Techno-economic aspects of the sustainable energy transition are assessed by modelling various scenarios integrating electricity, transport, heating and desalination sectors. Moreover, gender vulnerabilities of low-carbon transitions are mapped by a systematic review of the available literature since gender was under-researched in low-carbon transition studies. To model Pakistan’s 100% renewable energy pathways, the LUT Energy System Transition Model (LUT-ESTM) is used in this dissertation. LUT-ESTM linearly optimises the target function, i.e., to choose the least annual cost option for the energy system. LUT-ESTM is characterised by its high spatial and temporal resolution, multinodal power transmission network, and sector coupling. Pakistan’s energy system is analysed using 5-year intervals from 2015 to 2050. The possibility of a transition to an entirely renewable energy-based system is demonstrated, using the country’s own renewable resources. Examining different flexibility options, such as storage and Powerto-X, is necessary to integrate significant amounts of variable renewable energy in the system. An energy transition from the present fossil fuel-dependent power and energy system towards 100% renewable energy is achievable by incorporating large shares of solar photovoltaic, accompanied by wind power, hydropower, and modern bioenergy uses. However, obstacles and needs for new flexibility solutions arise with integrating substantial percentages of variable renewable energy into the energy system. As presented in this dissertation, batteries, transmission grids, and Power-to-Gas provide the required flexibility for a 100% renewable energy-based system. This energy transition not only reduces the cost of electricity but also offers other implicit economic, environmental, and societal advantages like decreasing emissions, producing additional jobs, and lowering dependence on fossil fuels. Furthermore, as one of the extremely water-stressed nations in the world that is completely reliant on the availability of fresh groundwater resources and highly inefficient irrigation systems, seawater desalination utilising affordable renewable energy offers a viable solution, solving the nation's present and future water crises. The outcomes of this dissertation provide scientific knowledge for the discourse on the necessity of a sustainable, clean, and cost-effective energy transition in the country. Therefore, this dissertation will contribute to the body of knowledge that such a transition from the present energy system towards a 100% renewable energy-based system is technically possible and economically competitive. The analysis also provides several insights into the techno-economic viability of a fully sustainable energy system, hoping it will aid researchers and policymakers in Pakistan in addressing issues about the energy system and water scarcity. In addition, it is anticipated that the work on gender vulnerabilities will collectively advance the understanding of the disproportionate distribution of the benefits and challenges connected with low-carbon transitions and their relationship to social and political inequalities for different genders. Developing a fully renewable energy-based energy system would need undivided attention, political willpower, and tight coordination among all the involved parties at the local and national levels

The Impact of Islam on Malaysia Before Independence

This article discusses the influence and significance of the introduction of Islam in the Malaya on Malays before achieving independence. Prior to the advent of Islam, the Malaya was heavily influenced by several belief systems, including Hinduism, Animism, Buddhism, Dynamism, Hyang, and others. Nevertheless, Malaya, like other regions influenced by Islamic Civilization, has embraced the Sunnah teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Since 12 AD, the way of life in Malaya has been firmly rooted in Islamic teachings. The research objectives are to examine the general background of Malaysia and analyse the impact of the arrival of Islam in Malaya on the Malay people. The name change from Malaya to Malaysia occurred on September 16, 1963. Before this date, the region was known as the Federation of Malaya. On September 16, 1963, Malaysia was formed through the amalgamation of the Federation of Malaya with the former British colonies of Singapore, North Borneo (now Sabah), and Sarawak. This qualitative research employs a historical study and content analysis approach. Analysis of research data is conducted using a thematic and deductive approach. Research results reveal that there are four main effects of the role of the arrival of Islam in Malaysia to the Malays. Undoubtedly, the advent of Islam has exerted a profound influence on the realms of politics, social dynamics, education, and legislation among the Malays even prior to their attainment of independence

Ethnic Differences Influencing the Impact of Childhood Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Low Income Families

Over the past decade, great strides have been made in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although these advances have increased the proportion of young patients who are able to achieve strict metabolic control, there continues to be a disparity in the HbA1c levels of the African American and Hispanic American youth relative to Caucasian American youth, and in children of lower socioeconomic status (SES) relative to children of higher SES. Few studies have explored the underlying factors associated with this disparity and even fewer have analyzed how people of different ethnic backgrounds within lower socioeconomic groups deal with the diagnosis and its demands differently, particularly in the post-DCCT era of intensive diabetes management. To enhance understanding of these factors, a qualitative study was carried out to describe factors which influence the impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus in people of different ethnic backgrounds within lower income socioeconomic groups. Seven patients of African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian heritage respectively who are treated by the diabetes treatment team at the Yale Pediatric Diabetes Program were recruited to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore each familys perception of challenges in caring for their child and maintaining control of their childs diabetes, parent-child relationships around management of diabetes, and responsibilities of parents with children who have been diagnosed with diabetes. We also explored family support systems identified as being of assistance and aiding in minimizing the challenges in attaining successful diabetes treatment. After thorough analysis of the data, there were multiple identifiable differences in how people of different ethnic groups manage and cope with diabetes. Most notable themes included a disparity in the emotional response of different ethnicities after diagnosis, differences in treatment modalities and reasons for their use across ethnicities, support systems identified, and clinician-patient relationships. Although these differences are likely multifactorial, with components of socioeconomic status, family structure, and family experiences involved, it is evident that ethnicity itself is an important factor. Therefore it is important for health care providers to consider the various issues which can affect the familys ability to manage and cope with diabetes, however it is also important for them to refrain from using race or ethnicity in a stereotypical way which might negatively affect their decision making and relationship with the patient

Smertelindring hos palliative kreftpasienter på sykehus

SYKSB300

Komitmen perkawinan seorang istri pada keluarga Broken Home

Penelitian ini berawal dari penemuan peneliti mengenai komitmen perkawinan seorang istri pada keluarga broken home. Berdasarkan wawancara, istri merasa tidak bahagia menjalani perkawinan bersama dengan suaminya dan mengatakan ia tidak pernah dinafkahi selama lebih dari 25 tahun. Namun istri memiliki komitemen perkawinan yang kuat sehingga ia tetap mempertahankan perkawinannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komitmen perkawinan apa saja yang dipegang oleh seorang istri pada keluarga broken home. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka dimunculkanlah pertanyaan tentang bagaimana komitmen perkawinan seorang istri dilihat dari keluarga yang broken home. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sebagian besar data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Subjek yang didapat adalah seorang istri yang mengalami keluarga broken home. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seorang istri dapat mempertahankan perkawinannya meskipun dalam keadaan keluarga yang sudah tidak harmonis atau keluarga broken home, dikarenakan sang istri memiliki komitmen perkawinan yang kuat. Komitmen perkawinan yang ia pegang yaitu komitmen struktural yaitu investasi yang tidak dapat dikembalikan melalui rasa sayang pada anak-anaknya karena ia masih menginginkan melihat anak-anaknya sukses, bahagia dsb. Kemudian tekanan sosial, maksudnya ialah ia malu dikatakan sebagai janda dan takut akan perkataan buruk dari orang lain. Komitmen berikutnya yang ia pegang adalah komitmen moral mengenai kewajiban terhadap pasangan. Ia masih merasa memiliki tanggung jawab terhadap suaminya seperti menyiapkan makanan dan mengurus suami kelak ketika mereka sudah tua dan anak-anak mulai meninggalkannya

Correlation Of Hematocrit And Hemoglobin With Obesity, Serum Lipids And Aldosterone In Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients

To determine the relationship of obesity indicators with certain hemodynamic and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, at the initial diagnosisof hypertension in a random population, in search of a treatable causeMethods: A case control study was conducted on 201 subjects aged between 25-60 years, diagnosed primarily as prehypertensive or hypertensive stage Iand II , selected from five general practitioners clinics in Karachi. Estimated of hematocrit, hemoglobin, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, serumpotassium level and aldosterone was done. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were calculated by measuring body weight, height, waist and hipcircumference. The values obtained were compared with 75 controls with normal blood pressure.The mean and standard deviation were computed. Analysis was done by SPSS version 15.LSD test was applied to compare pair-wise group. Pearson’scorrelation was applied to find out association of different variables with one another, within each of the four groupsResults: The overall percentages of overweight and obese subjects were higher in all four groups. The mean hematocrit and hemoglobin levels werehighest in HTN stage –I (44.7±5.25 and15.4±2.20 respectively). Hemoglobin was strongly correlated to systolic blood pressure and waist hip ratio in bothhypertension stages-I and II (p<0.01). Whereas hematocrit was positively correlated to body mass index, triglycerides, serum potassium and aldosteronelevels in both stages of hypertension (p<0.01)Conclusion: High hematocrit, hemoglobin, triglyceride levels, visceral fat accumulation and aldosterone secretion are important and independent riskfactors for hypertension

Myositis as A Complication of Dengue Viral Infection

Dengue fever is a febrile illness caused by an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It occurs as a seasonal epidemic every year in Pakistan. Apart from febrile illness and its associated hemorrhagic complication, dengue fever is associated with multi-system involvement and their respective complications, including myriad neurological complications. In this case report we describe two patients who developed acute viral myositis

Overcoming Vaccine Skepticism in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study of Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors towards COVID-19 Vaccination

This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of the public towards COVID-19 immunization in Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a well-structured questionnaire and distributed through internet means. The results showed that socio-economic variables such as age, gender, education level, and wealth are essential predictors of vaccination uptake. Highly educated, wealthy, and urban residents have a positive attitude towards vaccination. The media plays a critical role in distributing information and shaping attitudes. Effective communication and availability of information also significantly contribute to illness susceptibility and prevention behavior. The study suggests that the government and healthcare system can improve public awareness and adopt preventive behavior to combat the COVID-19 pandemic