Process-Based Modeling of the Dairy McKay Watershed to Inform Monitoring for Agricultural Best Management Practices

The project described in this paper specifically looks at the influence of land management practices on water quality, specifically total phosphorus (TP) loads in the Dairy McKay Watershed (DMW). The project is being used to inform a water quality monitoring plan for the Oregon DEQ via outputs from a SWAT model. The DMW is known to have high TP levels that are linked to low dissolved oxygen levels in the Tualatin River. There is a total maximum daily load (TMDL) for the Tualatin River that specifies target TP levels coming out of the DMW, if these targets are met, the DO levels should remain acceptable for aquatic life in the Tualatin River. As there is little current water quality data within the DMW, it is difficult to identify where the high levels of TP are located and where they can be reduced. The DMW-SWAT model outputs were analyzed, via Linear Regression analysis, to gain a better understanding of which stream segments are most sensitive to TP loading, based on their land use and management. These sensitive stream segments are recommended as future monitoring locations for continuous water quality data in the DMW

UTP Interactive WAP Announcement

UTP Interactive WAP Application is a project that will enable UTP students to retrieve information around UTP only by sending request through SMS. Currently, lecturers and administration are usingUTP Website, UTP Buletin Board, E-learning, and notice board to spread out information to students such as class replacement and club events. However, due to various technical errors, students seldom log on to those websites. Therefore, this project is developed as a backup to UTP Website and E-Iearning, especially for high mobility students whoprefer to access Internet through Mobile phone than from computers. Through their handphone, student will send request as provided in the system menu to Web Server. Then, the Web Server which hold WAP content will process the request and reply to the sender. The process is completed once the sender received the requested information.This is the manuscript which reporting the whole development of the project. To describe the study, background, problem statement, objectives and scope of the project will be imparted in Introduction Chapter. Next, in Literature Review Chapter, search and findings about the implementation and architecture of WAP and WML technology together with other components in developing the project is summarized. Next, as the framework that builds the project, the procedures that have been gone through, and the software that is implemented namely Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit 4.0, EasyPHP, and Dreamweaver are generally described in Methodology Chapter. In Result and Discussion Chapter, The output of the first and second part of the study are imparted, displayed and discussed

Evaluation the Effect of Laminated Layer Sequence of Plain-Woven Bamboo on Tensile and Impact Performance of E-glass Woven / Epoxy Hybrid Composites

Bamboo reinforced hybrid composites are needed in claim to progress use of polymer composite technology. This paper describes a hand lay-up laminate process using plain-woven bamboo/E-glass woven/epoxy hybrid composite with the Design of experiment (DOE) 2 factor with 3- level and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented for an evaluation against how the bamboo and e-glass woven affect the mechanical properties of hybrid composite in various sequence. The present study considers influence of plain-woven bamboo and e-glass woven laminated hybrid composite towards its tensile and charpy impact test performance. The results show that the 2-layer composites withstood better tensile strengths 185.372 MPa for EG/BW/EG while charpy impact 158.224 KJ/m2 for EG/BW sequence respectively. Experiments results show that concentrate on both lay-up sequence and layers are important effect factors for tensile and charpy performance. It had been proven that both the layers and also the lay-up sequence demonstrated significantly different leads to terms of the mechanical performance

Design, analysis and fabrication of wire cutting machine / Muhammad Nabil Saeman

Nowadays, almost all of people out there use manual wire cutter to cut wires that are uses more energy than the automatic wire cutter. If use use the manual cutter for a long time, the probability for hand injuries is much higher. This project basically gave an initial theme that how we can approach to solve this kind of problems. In addition of that, a designated automatic wire machine is created which give more accuracy and reduces the human error, manpower, reliable work done and save the wastage of wire. This product can help reduce the time of cutting wires and produce better result. Basically, the function of this wire cutting machine are same with the manual wire cutter but with different features. Users must put input of number of wires and length of wires that need to cut. This automatic machine is fully electric and have microprocessors. It features LCD display for set up and its operation. There are three objectives in this project which are to design and develop an automatic wire cutting machine to achieve low cost cutting. A machine that are portable and easy to carry around can give benefits to people. Secondly, to help more people to cut wire accurately which will give them better finish of wires produced. Thirdly, to reduce the time of cutting wire which are faster than manually doing it

UTP Interactive WAP Announcement

UTP Interactive WAP Application is a project that will enable UTP students to retrieve information around UTP only by sending request through SMS. Currently, lecturers and administration are usingUTP Website, UTP Buletin Board, E-learning, and notice board to spread out information to students such as class replacement and club events. However, due to various technical errors, students seldom log on to those websites. Therefore, this project is developed as a backup to UTP Website and E-Iearning, especially for high mobility students whoprefer to access Internet through Mobile phone than from computers. Through their handphone, student will send request as provided in the system menu to Web Server. Then, the Web Server which hold WAP content will process the request and reply to the sender. The process is completed once the sender received the requested information.This is the manuscript which reporting the whole development of the project. To describe the study, background, problem statement, objectives and scope of the project will be imparted in Introduction Chapter. Next, in Literature Review Chapter, search and findings about the implementation and architecture of WAP and WML technology together with other components in developing the project is summarized. Next, as the framework that builds the project, the procedures that have been gone through, and the software that is implemented namely Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit 4.0, EasyPHP, and Dreamweaver are generally described in Methodology Chapter. In Result and Discussion Chapter, The output of the first and second part of the study are imparted, displayed and discussed

Merekabentuk ensel buka dan tutup sendiri / Saeman Tukiman and Mohd. Radziwan Kamin

Pengenalan kepada proses rekabentuk ini dirasakan perlu kerana bahgian ini akan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih jelas terhadap projek yang telah dijalankan. Seterusnya lapuran ini menyenaraikan jenis-jenis ensel yang telah sedia ada di pasaran tempatan. Ia dirasakan penting bagi membezakan antara rekabentuk ensel yang sedia ada dengan rekabentuk yang dicadangkan

Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides over solid acid catalysts: a review

Mild fractionation/pretreatment processes are becoming the most preferred choices for biomass processing within the biorefinery framework. To further explore their advantages, new developments are needed, especially to increase the extent of the hydrolysis of poly- and oligosaccharides. A possible way forward is the use of solid acid catalysts that may overcome many current drawbacks of other common methods. In this Review, the advantages and limitations of the use of heterogeneous catalysis for the main groups of solid acid catalysts (zeolites, resins, carbon materials, clays, silicas, and other oxides) and their relation to the hydrolysis of model soluble disaccharides and soluble poly- and oligosaccharides are presented and discussed. Special attention is given to the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and hemicellulose-derived saccharides into monosaccharides, the impact on process performance of potential catalyst poisons originating from biomass and biomass hydrolysates (e.g., proteins, mineral ions, etc.). The data clearly point out the need for studying hemicelluloses in natura rather than in model compound solutions that do not retain the relevant factors influencing process performance. Furthermore, the desirable traits that solid acid catalysts must possess for the efficient hemicellulose hydrolysis are also presented and discussed with regard to the design of new catalysts

RNA-sequencing reveals the complexities of the transcriptional response to lignocellulosic biofuel substrates in Aspergillus niger

Background: Saprobic fungi are the predominant industrial sources of Carbohydrate Active enZymes (CAZymes) used for the saccharification of lignocellulose during the production of second generation biofuels. The production of more effective enzyme cocktails is a key objective for efficient biofuel production. To achieve this objective, it is crucial to understand the response of fungi to lignocellulose substrates. Our previous study used RNA-seq to identify the genes induced in Aspergillus niger in response to wheat straw, a biofuel feedstock, and showed that the range of genes induced was greater than previously seen with simple inducers. Results: In this work we used RNA-seq to identify the genes induced in A. niger in response to short rotation coppice willow and compared this with the response to wheat straw from our previous study, at the same time-point. The response to willow showed a large increase in expression of genes encoding CAZymes. Genes encoding the major activities required to saccharify lignocellulose were induced on willow such as endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases. The transcriptome response to willow had many similarities with the response to straw with some significant differences in the expression levels of individual genes which are discussed in relation to differences in substrate composition or other factors. Differences in transcript levels include higher levels on wheat straw from genes encoding enzymes classified as members of GH62 (an arabinofuranosidase) and CE1 (a feruloyl esterase) CAZy families whereas two genes encoding endoglucanases classified as members of the GH5 family had higher transcript levels when exposed to willow. There were changes in the cocktail of enzymes secreted by A. niger when cultured with willow or straw. Assays for particular enzymes as well as saccharification assays were used to compare the enzyme activities of the cocktails. Wheat straw induced an enzyme cocktail that saccharified wheat straw to a greater extent than willow. Genes not encoding CAZymes were also induced on willow such as hydrophobins as well as genes of unknown function. Several genes were identified as promising targets for future study. Conclusions: By comparing this first study of the global transcriptional response of a fungus to willow with the response to straw, we have shown that the inducing lignocellulosic substrate has a marked effect upon the range of transcripts and enzymes expressed by A. niger. The use by industry of complex substrates such as wheat straw or willow could benefit efficient biofuel production