Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Income of Small-scale Agroforestry Farms in Hill Country Areas in Yemen: A comparison of OLS and WLS Determinants

Yemen is a less-developed country in the Arabian Peninsula, with only 3% arable land. An agroforestry land-use system has been practiced traditionally by small-scale farmers, but is associated with low productivity and income. A study has been undertaken to determine the socio-economic attributes of farmers that influence the financial performance of agroforestry and nonagroforestry farms in the Bura’a Mountain region. A survey was conducted of 150 farmers involved in both agroforestry and non-agroforestry. Both OLS and WLS regression were applied, and coefficients compared in terms of consistency and goodness of fit. Incomes of farmers were found to be influenced by education, area of land, livestock holding, family size, and whether coffee is grown, but not farmer’s age. The WLS method produced efficient and consistent results, whereas OLS regression was affected by the heteroscedasticity. The findings of the study indicate that the farmers of the study area are in need of financial and technical support from government to increase their income. Infrastructural development and public intervention in developing farmers’ technical know-how could enhance production and ensure the optimum use of land as well as soil and water conservation

Detection of the temporal variation of the sun's cosmic ray shadow with the IceCube detector

We report on the observation of a deficit in the cosmic ray flux from the directions of the Moon and Sun with five years of data taken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Between 2010 May and 2011 May the IceCube detector operated with 79 strings deployed in the glacial ice at the South Pole, and with 86 strings between 2011 May and 2015 May. A binned analysis is used to measure the relative deficit and significance of the cosmic ray shadows. Both the cosmic ray Moon and Sun shadows are detected with high statistical significance (> 10 sigma) for each year. The results for the Moon shadow are consistent with previous analyses and verify the stability of the IceCube detector over time. This work represents the first observation of the Sun shadow with the IceCube detector. We show that the cosmic ray shadow of the Sun varies with time. These results make it possible to study cosmic ray transport near the Sun with future data from IceCube

A Search for Neutrino Emission from Fast Radio Bursts with Six Years of IceCube Data

We present a search for coincidence between IceCube TeV neutrinos and fast radio bursts (FRBs). During the search period from 2010 May 31 to 2016 May 12, a total of 29 FRBs with 13 unique locations have been detected in the whole sky. An unbinned maximum likelihood method was used to search for spatial and temporal coincidence between neutrinos and FRBs in expanding time windows, in both the northern and southern hemispheres. No significant correlation was found in six years of IceCube data. Therefore, we set upper limits on neutrino fluence emitted by FRBs as a function of time window duration. We set the most stringent limit obtained to date on neutrino fluence from FRBs with an $E^{-2}$ energy spectrum assumed, which is 0.0021 GeV cm$^{-2}$ per burst for emission timescales up to \textasciitilde10$^2$ seconds from the northern hemisphere stacking search.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

MUDANÇAS NOS PAPÉIS DE GÊNERO NA AMÉRICA LATINA E NO CARIBE

A autora examina as mudanças recentes nos papéis de gênero ocorridas na América Latina e no Caribe, relacionando-as com a crise econômica dos anos 80, que atingiu severamente a região. Três aspectos principais são enfocados: (i) a crescente participação feminina na força de trabalho; (ii) o impacto deste fenômeno sobre a estrutura familiar (crescimento do número de domicílios chefiados por mulheres e do peso da contribuição destas para a economia doméstica); (iii) a crescente participação feminina nos movimentos sociais.The paper investigates recent changes in gender roles in Latin America and the Caribbean in relation to the economic crisis of the Eighties which has badly affected this region. It focuses in particular on three aspects: 1. the increasing participation of women in the labour force; 2. the consequences of such increase for the family structure (increase of female-headed households and growing importance of women's contribution to the household budget); 3. a growing participation of women in social movements. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.b

Becoming West Indian: Culture, Self, and Nation in St. Vincent, by Virginia Heyer Young. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993

Becoming West Indian: Culture, Self, and Nation in St. Vincent, by Virginia Heyer Young. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993, 229 pp. Reviewed byHelen I. Safa, Professor of Anthropology and Latin American Studies, University of Florida

Neutrinos below 100 TeV from the southern sky employing refined veto techniques to IceCube data

Many Galactic sources of gamma rays, such as supernova remnants, are expected to produce neutrinos with a typical energy cutoff well below 100 TeV. For the IceCube Neutrino Observatory located at the South Pole, the southern sky, containing the inner part of the Galactic plane and the Galactic Center, is a particularly challenging region at these energies, because of the large background of atmospheric muons. In this paper, we present recent advancements in data selection strategies for track-like muon neutrino events with energies below 100 TeV from the southern sky. The strategies utilize the outer detector regions as veto and features of the signal pattern to reduce the background of atmospheric muons to a level which, for the first time, allows IceCube searching for point-like sources of neutrinos in the southern sky at energies between 100 GeV and several TeV in the muon neutrino charged current channel. No significant clustering of neutrinos above background expectation was observed in four years of data recorded with the completed IceCube detector. Upper limits on the neutrino flux for a number of spectral hypotheses are reported for a list of astrophysical objects in the southern hemisphere.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, 2 table

The Implementation in Policy of Eco-Religious Tourism on the Basis of Adat Law Society in Bali

ABSTRACT The implementation in policy of eco-religiou

Square-Root parametrization of dark energy in f(Q)f(Q) cosmology

This paper is a parametrization of the equation of state (EoS) parameter of dark energy (DE), which is parameterized using Square-Root (SR) form i.e. \omega _{SR}=\text{\omega _{0}}+\text{\omega _{1}}\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^{2}+1}}, where $\omega _{0}$ and $\omega _{1}$ are free constants. This parametrization will be examined in the context of the recently suggested $f(Q)$ gravity theory as an alternative to General Relativity (GR), in which gravitational effects are attributed to the non-metricity scalar $Q$ with the functional form $f(Q)=Q+\alpha Q^{n}$, where $\alpha$ and $n$ are arbitrary constants. We derived observational constraints on model parameters using the Hubble dataset with 31 data points and the Supernovae (SNe) dataset from the Pantheon samples compilation dataset with 1048 data points. For the current model, the evolution of the deceleration parameter, density parameter, EoS for DE, and $Om(z)$ diagnostic have all been investigated. It has been shown that the deceleration parameter favors the current accelerated expansion phase. It has also been shown that the EoS parameter for DE has a quintessence nature at this time.Comment: Communications in Theoretical Physics accepted versio