Adaptive Non-singleton Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems: A Way Forward for Handling Numerical Uncertainties in Real World Applications

Real world environments are characterized by high levels of linguistic and numerical uncertainties. A Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) is recognized as an adequate methodology to handle the uncertainties and imprecision available in real world environments and applications. Since the invention of fuzzy logic, it has been applied with great success to numerous real world applications such as washing machines, food processors, battery chargers, electrical vehicles, and several other domestic and industrial appliances. The first generation of FLSs were type-1 FLSs in which type-1 fuzzy sets were employed. Later, it was found that using type-2 FLSs can enable the handling of higher levels of uncertainties. Recent works have shown that interval type-2 FLSs can outperform type-1 FLSs in the applications which encompass high uncertainty levels. However, the majority of interval type-2 FLSs handle the linguistic and input numerical uncertainties using singleton interval type-2 FLSs that mix the numerical and linguistic uncertainties to be handled only by the linguistic labels type-2 fuzzy sets. This ignores the fact that if input numerical uncertainties were present, they should affect the incoming inputs to the FLS. Even in the papers that employed non-singleton type-2 FLSs, the input signals were assumed to have a predefined shape (mostly Gaussian or triangular) which might not reflect the real uncertainty distribution which can vary with the associated measurement. In this paper, we will present a new approach which is based on an adaptive non-singleton interval type-2 FLS where the numerical uncertainties will be modeled and handled by non-singleton type-2 fuzzy inputs and the linguistic uncertainties will be handled by interval type-2 fuzzy sets to represent the antecedents’ linguistic labels. The non-singleton type-2 fuzzy inputs are dynamic and they are automatically generated from data and they do not assume a specific shape about the distribution associated with the given sensor. We will present several real world experiments using a real world robot which will show how the proposed type-2 non-singleton type-2 FLS will produce a superior performance to its singleton type-1 and type-2 counterparts when encountering high levels of uncertainties.</jats:p

Realitas Citra Politik Tri Rismaharini

Tri Rismaharini (Risma) is the Mayor of Surabaya who had successfully led Surabaya during the period of 2010-2015. In 2015 mayoral election, Risma was re-elected as the Mayor of Surabaya. Risma has been known as a mayor who really concerns about environment. During her first tenure, Risma had built many city parks, successfully improved beauty of Surabaya. Such leadership style had attracted the public. In addition, Risma had become a media darling in both printed and electronic media, locally and nationally. This research used survey to capture society's perception toward the leadearship of Risma during 2010-2015. Sample were collected from group leaders and society in general. There are 50 opinion leaders samples consists of academician, businessmen, artist, religious leader, non-governmental organization, politician, and mass media. This research concludes that Risma had successfully constructed her image as a good mayor by conducting populist programs to attract more public attentions than carrying out substantial programs to solve crucial problems as public priorities and needs. It indicates that Risma insisted to frame herself as a caring and lovely leader. In fact, Risma had often become less powerful against the intervention of business persons who had capital strength in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

The Use of Reciprocal Teaching Procedure in Teaching Narrative Texts to Improve Students\u27 Reading Comprehension

This study was aimed at investigating the implementation of Reciprocal Teaching Procedure (RTP) to improve students\u27 reading comprehension and finding out the students\u27 responses toward this method. Reciprocal Teaching Procedure is one of the teaching extensive reading methods that include four strategies: predicting, clarifying, summarizing, and questioning. The quasi-experimental design was utilized in order to collect the data, in which two classes were taken as the samples of this study. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test which were analyzed by using SPSS 20 and ANATES v5 for Windows. The data analysis of the independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test means of the control group and the experimental group. Moreover, the data analysis of the dependent t-test showed that there was an improvement of the experimental group\u27s scores in post-test. Therefore, it could be said that the use of Reciprocal Teaching Procedure was considered effective in improving the students\u27 reading comprehension. Furthermore, based on the findings of the questionnaire, Reciprocal Teaching Procedure has lots of benefit in teaching reading, such as helping the students to comprehend the text easily, encouraging the students to be more active and communicative in every activity, and improving students\u27 interest in reading. Thus, it could be concluded that the students\u27 responses toward the application of Reciprocal Teaching Procedure were positive

Machining performance of vegetable oil with phosphonium- and ammonium-based ionic liquids via MQL technique

Thermo-mechanical loads are the main factor that influences the tool wear and product surfaces during machining processes. Lubrication in metal cutting is an effective medium to reduce frictional forces and wear on the tool-workpiece interfaces. On this regards, the advantages of using refined bio-based metalworking fluids (MWFs) with the presence of low toxic, biocompatible and oil-miscible ionic liquids (ILs) additives ([N1,8,8,8][NTf2] (AIL) & [P6,6,6,14][(iC8)2PO2] (PIL)) at nominal weight concentrations of 1, 5 and 10% are explored during orthogonal cutting of AISI 1045 steel. Accordingly, the lubricants are supplied via minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique and comparative studies are conducted against the performance of the neat modified Jatropha-based lubricant (MJO) and commercially available synthetic ester-based MQL cutting fluid (SE). The combination of mist supply of the MJOs during machining have a great impact on cleaner production that eliminates the excessive usage of fluids and supports the utilization of environmentally friendly chemicals. This work extends the application of a minute quantity of fully miscible ILs in polar vegetable-based MWF which proven to provide a significant improvement on the lubrication effect of the MJO. MJOþAIL10% and MJOþPIL1% showed the best cutting performance amongst all lubricant mixtures with reduction of cutting forces and specific cutting energy by 4 to 5%, cutting temperatures by 7 to 10%, friction coefficient by 2 to 3%, tool-chip contact length by 8 to 11%, chip thickness by 22 to 25%, friction angle by 1 to 2% and increased shear angle by 25 to 29% compared to the SE. Besides, the effect of low friction and reduced cutting forces produced lower specific cutting energy that promotes “greener” and more sustainable working environment

The Use of the Indirect Hemagglutination Test for the Diagnosis of Extra - Intestinal Amebiasis in Jakarta

Mikro indirek hemagglutinasi test dengan antigen axenik dari Entamoeba histolytica telah dipakai untuk mendapatkan zat2 anti amuba dalam sera dari 15 kasus abses hati yang pasti dan 4 kasus yang tidak pasti, 13 kasus disenteri amubawi akuta, 6 kasus colitis amur.awi chronis, satu asymptomatik carrier, 39 pasien yang menderita penyakit! lain dari 43 donor darah. Sera dari abses hati terdapat 100 per sen positif untuk zat anti amuba sedangkan sera dari orang2 dengan colitis amubawi chronis dan sera dari kasus disenteri amubawi akuta terdapat positif dalam urutan 50 dan 15 persen. Titer dari sera abses hati berkisar antara 1 : 128 dan 1 : 4096 dan titer dari sera amubiasis intestinalis yang positif adalah 1 : 128. Dari kedua kontrol grup tidak terdapat zat2 anti dengan titer lebih dari 1 : 64 (tabel 1 dan 2). Dari penyelidikan ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa test indirek hemagglutinasi test dapat dipakai untuk occult invasive amubiasis bila metoda.2 yang lazim gagal menemukan parasit

A Visionary Study on Urban Neighbourhood Models in Kabul City Based on Actual Surveys

This paper explores a new neighborhood model with the primary school district. This scale is well known as Perry’s neighborhood unit theory all over the world. So, this paper deals with (1) the spread and familiarity of Perry’s theory in especially Islamic planning context; (2) spatial analysis of current urban neighborhoods in Kabul City through a survey in district nine; (3) measurement of densities on population, dwelling unit, household, and pupils in the case study area, and (4) visionary proposals on urban neighborhood models based on several scenarios in the near future and its implications. The findings are: (1) Gozar is an institutionalized fundamental element of the city governance body in Kabul City; (2) there are wide ranges of the spatial sizes and the divisions of Gozars; (3) ‘Urban Gozar’ as an elemental neighborhood organization in the modern sense is forming through transformation; (4) the neighborhood unit of Perry can be an appropriate urban model for urban neighborhoods in Islamic cities and towns specially Kabul City

STRUKTUR MAKROZOOBENTHOS DI PANTAI SINDANGKERTA, KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

Struktur makrozoobenthos merupakan data utama ekosistem suatu perairan yang perlu diketahui. Makrozoobenthos dapat dijadikan bio indikator untuk mendeteksi tingkat gangguan suatu perairan. Belum ada data mengenai struktur makrozoobenthos di Pantai Sindangkerta. Penelitian struktur makrozoobenthos dilakukan di Pantai Sindangkerta Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, pada tanggal 23-24 April 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi secara kuantitatif mengenai keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan hewan makrozoobenthos. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Belt transect-Quadrat dengan 6 transect atau stasiun dan 5 kuadrat pada setiap stasiun dengan jarak 10 m antar kuadrat. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Hand sorting. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 38 spesies makrozoobenthos yang terdiri dari 6 kelas yaitu, Polychaeta (1 spesies), Gastropoda (25 spesies), Ophiuroidea (1 spesies), Holothuroidea (1 spesies), Echinoidea (1 spesies), dan Malacostraca (9 spesies). Struktur makrozoobenthos Pantai Sindangkerta didominasi oleh Kelas Gastropoda (64%), kemudian Kelas Malacostraca (18%), dan Kelas Ophiuroidea (9%). Ophiocoma sp merupakan spesies yang paling melimpah dengan 143 sampel yang tercuplik, kemudian Clypeomorus bifasciata sebanyak 72 sampel dan Tenguella granulata sebanyak 42 sampel. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman rata-rata makrozoobenthos di Pantai Sindangkerta adalah 2,096 yang termasuk kedalam kategori sedang, sedangkan kelimpahan rata-rata makrozoobenthos 2 ind/m2. Kata kunci: Makrozoobenthos, Keanekaragamam, Kelimpahan, Belt transect-Quadrat, Hand sorting

A Study on the Lifestyles and Daily Activities of Informal Settlers in Inner Kabul City

This paper analyses the lifestyle and daily activities of informal settlers in Kabul City. It begins with a review of relevant literature on the conceptualization of informal settlements as is popularly understood in Afghan’s context. Primary data on informal settlers’ living styles and daily activities was generated from interviews with 153 families residing in 86 houses in District Seven of Kabul. The data were analysed considering such households’ characteristics as gender, affiliation (i.e. employment) and literacy. The results show that a typical dwelling unit within this informal settlement comprises multi-generational family members. Notably, men were found to be more active in daily activities than women. Similarly, literacy and affiliation were found to be important determinants of the kinds of activities that individuals in the study location engaged in

Performance comparative of modified jatropha based nanofluids in orthogonal cutting process

As machining operation is getting crucial, thus nanotechnology has been considered in providing more effective performance to reduce friction coefficient and wear protection of both workpiece and tool. This study investigated effect of an inclusion of solid nanoparticle additives such hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene, copper oxide (CuO) at 0.05 wt.% concentration in modified jatropha (MJO) based oil. The performance of nanofluids was evaluated by conducting friction and wear test via four-ball test as well as machining process through orthogonal cutting process. The attained results were then compared with synthetic ester. This present study revealed the MJO nanofluids (MJO + 0.05 wt.% hBN, MJO + 0.05 wt.% graphene and MJO + 0.05 wt.% CuO) showed higher lubrication performance as compared to the commercial synthetic ester in term of physical properties and tribological behaviour. This condition resulted in the excellent machining performance which was explained by the reduction in maximum cutting temperature, chip thickness, effect of morphology chip and tool-chip contact length. Therefore, the MJO nanofluids can be considered as a potential sustainable metalworking fluid to replace the usage of the currently used synthetic ester in machining operation