Crystal structure of 4,4-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, C6H9F3N2

C6H9F3N2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.6224(9) Å, b = 11.8639(9) Å, c = 13.3139(11) Å, β = 105.903(3)°, V = 1613.6(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0618, wRref(F2) = 0.1629, T = 102(2) K [1–3]

Purification and characterization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. G1

A cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was successively purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, and affinity chromatography on a-CD (epoxy)-Sepharose 6B column. The specific activity of the CGTase was increased approximately 2200-fold, from 8.43 U/mg protein to 18,866 U/mg protein. SDS-PAGE showed that the purified CGTase was homogeneous and the molecular weight of the purified CGTase was about 75 kDa. The molecular weight of the enzyme that was estimated by gel filtration under native condition was 79 kDa. This has indicated that Bacillus sp. G1 CGTase is a monomeric protein. The isoelectric point (pI) of the enzyme was about 8.8. Characterization of the enzyme exhibited optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 60 8C, respectively. The enzyme was stable from pH 7.0 to 9.0 and retained its high activity up to 60 8C. However, in the presence of 20 mM Ca2+, the purified CGTase is able to prolong its thermal stability up to 70 8C. CGTase was strongly inhibited by ZnSO4, CuSO4, CoCl2, FeSO4, FeCl3 and EDTA. Km and Vmax for the purified enzyme were 0.15 mg/ml and 60.39 mg bcyclodextrin/( ml min), respectively, with soluble starch as substrate. In cyclodextrin production, tapioca starch was found to be the best substrate used to produce CDs. The enzyme produced g- and b-CD in the ratio of 0.11:0.89 after 24 h incubation at 60 8C, without the presence of any selective agents

Identifikasi Okupasi Lahan pada Kawasan Hutan Lindung Pinang Luar Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya

Pinang Luar Proteced Forest Location in Rasau Jaya subdistrict Kubu Raya regency West Borneo province immensity ± 1.177 hectare. The Methods to identify of Land Occupation are : 1) survey non terestrition cover map crop area interpretation citra landsat 7 ETM+ nda 2) Area observer method / groundcheck for seeing direct manner condition in field with data approach from interpretation landsat image 7 ETM+. Social data form pattern of occupation are collect also. From Citra Landsat interpretation, Pinang Luar Protected Forest immensity 1.170,44 hectare consist of 3 class : 1). Secondary swamp forest immensity 292,33 or 25%. 2) swamp thicket bushes immensity 466.11 hectare or 40%. 3) bushes mixed dry area agriculture immensity 422 hectareor 36%. The result of the research shows that, the landhave been occupied :(1) Shrubswamparea of ​​466.11hectaresor 40%. Dryland farmingarea of​​ 422 acres ofmixedbushor36% and residential areascovering 49.69hectaresor 4%. Keyword : Land Occupation, Protected Fores

The effect of concrete strength and reinforcement on toughness of reinforced concrete beams

The objective pursued with this work includes the evaluating of the strength and the total energy absorption capacity (toughness) of reinforced concrete beams using different amounts of steel-bar reinforcement. The experimental campaign deals with the evaluation of the threshold load prior collapse, ultimate load and deformation, as well as the beam total energy absorption capacity, using a three point bending test. The beam half span displacement was measured using a displacement transducer, and the applied force was monitored using a load cell. The tested samples consists on a set of ten reinforced concrete beams having three different levels of steel-bar-reinforcement percentages and four different concrete compositions (i.e., giving rise to a different values of concrete strength). It was observed that the most influential parameter in the beams energy absorption capacity is the amount of steel-bar reinforcement. The results have presented good agreement between themselves. In fact, for beams with a given concrete compressive strength, a decrease in beam’s deformation was measured for higher steel-bar-reinforcement percentages. Moreover, the results had shown that for a particular steel-bar-reinforcement percentage, the concrete compressive strength have also influence in the total energy absorption capacity of the beam

STUDI KROMOSOM IKAN PELANGI (Melanotaenia Lacustris) [Chromosome Study of Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia Lacustris)]

Penelitian sitogenetika pada ikan pelangi (Melanotaenia lacustris) difokuskan pada pengungkapan keanekaragaman kromosom dalam hal jumlah, bentuk, dan karyotipenya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Genetika dan Reproduksi ikan Fakuitas Perikanan dan 11 mu Kelautan IPB, pada bulan on Mei — Deseber 2000. Preparat kromosom dibuat dengan metode jaringan padat yang menggunakan larva ikan umur 10-30 hari. Analisis kromosom dilakukan setelah pewarnaan dengan larutan Giemza. Kromosom diploid ikan M. lacustris adalah (2N = 46). Karyotipenya menunjukkan 46 kromosom yang terdiri atas 9 pasang berbentuk submetasentrik (SM) (no. 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 14); 3 pasang subtelosentrik (ST) (no. 4, 12, 22) dan 10 pasang telosentrik (T) (no. 2, 5, 11, 15, 16, 17, IB, 19, 20, and 21) dengan 1 ST dan 1 T pada no. 23. Dari basil tersebut diduga bahwa M, lacustris memiliki kromosom sek

Narcissism in Local Budgeting: the Mirror and Mask Effectsof Public Aspiration Fund

This study aims to interpret public aspiration fundin local budgeting in narcissism perspective. Discourse about "public aspiration fund”is a reality in budgeting leading to a contradiction, so the question is whether" public aspiration fund" that shows the reality in which the amount of funds used for realizing programs or activities in local government expressespublic needs and aspiration or contains another meaning related to personal interest and certain group interest. The research results provide an understanding that local budgets have potential to accentuate the "hall of mirrors". Public aspiration funds were created bybudgeting actors to express their identity as "the representatives" and to entrust the management to bureaucrats to "serve" public interests. However, in reality, the public aspiration funds have been part of an effort to serve their interests. The public aspiration fundhas become a simulacrumthat produces allthe fake deviated from the reference and create a mark as a mask, camouflage, or a mirage

In search of environmental friendly structures: a comparative evaluation of steel structures and reinforced concrete structures

Comunicação apresentada na 11th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, Helsinki, Finlândia, 6 - 8 Junho 2005.The concept of sustained development, as defined in the Brundtland report in 1987 and later on endorsed in Rio Earth Summit in 1992, is a complex and dynamic challenge that demands contributions of the most diverse sectors of activity. Research works concerning direct application of this concept for most industrial activities still is needed. The implementation of sustainable development in construction industry has led to concept of sustainable construction. Hence, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is becoming, slowly but surely, the acceptable tool for selection of construction materials and products, as well as, construction processes and design. The application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for selection of construction materials constitutes, at present, the first step in a more complex assessment of the whole life global environmental performance. However, it was found that the software available could not be used directly for the case at hand and hence it was deemed necessary to develop a simple software for this research work. This research work is an attempt for gathering the necessary data for evaluation of reinforced concrete structures and steel structures, as well as, developing a user friendly software for quick comparison of these two construction materials that are used most frequently