Bayesian Analysis of Generalized Exponential Distribution

Bayesian estimators of unknown parameters of a two parameter generalized exponential distribution are obtained based on non-informative priors using different loss functions

Pharmacognostic Studies of Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Pakistan

Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of traditional and modern medicines. The plant is a biosynthetic laboratory, not only for chemical compounds but also a multitude of the compounds. The present research work was confined to study the macro, microscopic features and analysis of powdered drug of Acacia modesta Wall., Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile, Berberis lycium Royle and Zanthoxylum alatum D. C. Prod. These studies were carried out in Botany laboratory of University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi during 2004. These species are used as miswak (tooth brush) by local people of Pakistan in different areas. Anatomical features such as, fibres, parenchyma cells, vessels and pith were identified during microscopic studies. Powdered miswak of Acacia modesta Wall., Berberis lycium Royle and Zanthoxylum alatum D. C. Prod. were soluble in sulphuric acid only while insoluble in other solvents i.e., hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, benzene and water. Powdered miswak of Acacia nilotica was insoluble in these solvents. Powdered drug of these species did not retain their original colour in cold and hot tests and on dry filter paper, when mixed in various solvents

Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Land Use and Land Temperature in Lahore: An Empirical Analysis Using GIS Mapping

The objective of this research is to examine the influences of changing land use and land cover on the land surface temperature (LST) of the Lahore metropolitan area. The study region is a rapidly urbanizing city in Pakistan, where land development has accelerated dramatically during the last 30 years. The satellite images acquired by LSAT-5 (TM) and LSAT-8 (OLI) are used to calculate land temperature and its various features. They are processed in the software named ERDAS imagine-14 and supervised classification is performed to calculate the area covered by major land features. The Persistence Matrix, a GIS analysis, is used to see if the Lahore urban area is developing at the expense of agricultural land over time. The results demonstrate that over the research period, urbanization accelerated in tandem with the loss of agricultural land. The ARDL model's findings suggest that Lahore's rapid urbanization has a significantly positive link with land surface temperature (LST), while cultivation area has an inverse relationship with land surface temperature (LST)

Fostering team resilience with servant leadership: A multi-level study of the construction industry

Construction project teams operate in demanding and high-pressure environments, necessitating the development of team psychological resilience to achieve project goals effectively. Using the conservation of resource theory, we propose team-level servant leadership as an enabling style that facilitates team resilience development, subsequently affecting project success (team-level) and organizational citizenship behavior (individual level). The multi-level data was collected from 70 construction teams with 549 members. The multi-level analysis was performed using Mplus. The results of our study reveal a positive and significant connection between servant leadership, project success, and organizational citizenship behavior. Additionally, team resilience mediated the link between servant leadership and project success and organizational citizenship behavior. This research offers practical insights for project managers to nurture sustainable work practices within the construction industry through servant leadership

Assessing Fiscal Behavior of Asian Economies to Foreign Capital

The current study has empirically estimated the impact of foreign capital in terms of grants and loans on the fiscal behavior of nine developing countries for Asian region over a period of 1984-2015. For this purpose it developed fiscal response model and used Non-linear Three-Stage Least Squares method for estimation. The results of the study revealed that 84 percent of loans money was used for consumption purpose and merely 16 percent of loans were channeled towards investment purpose that shows that the governments of this region heavily relying on external loans to meet recurrent expenditures. However the study has also an interesting finding that the most of the grant money goes for development purpose with a little leakage into the consumption. And the loans have pro-consumption effect while grants have pro-investment effect. It also found that 67 percent of the tax money is spent on recurrent expenditures while 33 percent is used for developmental purpose. The study proposes that the governments of this region should minimize its reliance on external sources particularly on loans and it should ensure that they are more directed towards developmental purpose. Moreover, Government should follow the policy of self reliance and should increase its tax base and tax net. It also proposes that health and education sector should be given priority

A Survey of Linux Operating System as an Alternative to Other Operating Systems

Linux is an operating system for Intel 386/456/Pentium-based IBM PCs and is congenial. A worldwide group of enthusiastic volunteers has joined forces in developing many aspects of Linux on the INTERNET. Linux can run the powerful set of compilers and programming tools of free software foundation and X-free 86, a port of the X Windows system from MIT. One useful feature of Linux is its ability to coexist with other operating systems. Thus, a user invested in DOS/MS Windows software may continue running these applications on the machine and install them. Our scope for review of this paper is to study and review the Linux Operating system and its various features and functions such as History and Development, the Linux Kernel, Processes Scheduling in the Linux Operating System, Memory Management, I/O operations, networking and how it is done in the Linux OS. &nbsp

Management of Flexor Tendon Injuries in Hand

Peculiar anatomy of human hand with flexing fingers and opposing thumb give human beings clear edge over other existing living beings. We use hands for carrying out most of our daily activities. But at the same time this makes our hands vulnerable for getting traumatized. Hand injuries which involve underlying tendons make digits dysfunctional, which in turn affects overall precise functioning of hand. In this chapter we will briefly discuss related surgical anatomy of flexor tendons and associated structures, features of flexor tendon injuries at different zonal levels, surgical methods involved and different post-operative protocols used for management of these flexor tendon injuries

Driver Fatigue Detection using Mean Intensity, SVM, and SIFT

Driver fatigue is one of the major causes of accidents. This has increased the need for driver fatigue detection mechanism in the vehicles to reduce human and vehicle loss during accidents. In the proposed scheme, we capture videos from a camera mounted inside the vehicle. From the captured video, we localize the eyes using Viola-Jones algorithm. Once the eyes have been localized, they are classified as open or closed using three different techniques namely mean intensity, SVM, and SIFT. If eyes are found closed for a considerable amount of time, it indicates fatigue and consequently an alarm is generated to alert the driver. Our experiments show that SIFT outperforms both mean intensity and SVM, achieving an average accuracy of 97.45% on a dataset of five videos, each having a length of two minutes

Efficacy of Percutaneous Sclerotherapy in Low Flow Venous Malformations - A Single Center Series

Purpose We analyzed results of percutaneous sclerotherapy for venous malformations (VMs) in head, neck and extremities. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients with head and neck and extremities VM treated by sclerotherapy with bleomycin and sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) were retrospectively reviewed. A pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging was done for all patients to diagnose the lesion. Each lesion received 1 to 11 sessions (average, 2.7; standard deviation [SD], 2.03). We evaluated percentage reduction in swelling size and a Likert scale review of subjective feelings of the patients. Results Sixteen had a complete obliteration; by sclerotherapy alone (n=13) and surgery after a 75% reduction (n=3). Ten patients had a significant reduction up to 75% and three patients by 50%. Four had a minimal decrease with reduction of 25% or less. Follow-up duration of the patients varied from a minimum of 6 months up to 3 years (average, 15.7 months; SD, 7.8 months). Of all patients, three refused further treatment and were lost to follow-up, while another two were referred to a dermatologist. Thirteen patients reported feeling excellent after the sessions. Eight patients claimed to feel slightly better compared to before the sessions started. Only three patients complained of feeling the same before and after the sessions. None of the patients still in follow-up have reported a recurrence of a lesion thus far. Conclusion Sclerotherapy using bleomycin and STS as sclerosants is a safe and effective primary treatment for VMs in the head and neck as well as in extremities