Medical data classification using similarity measure of fuzzy soft set based distance measure

Medical data classification plays a crucial role in many medical imaging applications by automating or facilitating the delineation of medical images. A considerable amount of literature has been published on medical images classification based on data mining techniques to develop intelligent medical decision support systems to help the physicians. This paper assesses the performance of a new classification algorithm using similarity measure fuzzy soft set based distance based for numerical medical datasets. The proposed modelling comprises of five phases explicitly: data acquisition, data pre-processing, data partitioning, classification using FussCyier and performance evaluation. The proposed classifier FussCyier is evaluated on five performance matrices’: accuracy, precision, recall, F-Micro and computational time. Experimental results indicate that the proposed classifier performed comparatively better with existing fuzzy soft classifiers

Studies on bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant activities of Urginea indica

This study was designed to evaluate bronchodilator and cardio-tonic effects of Urginea indica to provide rational for these medicinal uses. U. indica bulb extract was studied on rabbit tracheal and guinea-pig atrial preparations mounted in tissue baths under simulated physiological conditions. U. indica inhibited carbachol (1 µM) and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in rabbit trachea, similar to dicyclomine, suggesting the presence of anticholinergic and calcium channel blocking (CCB) mechanisms in U. indica. Anticholinergic and CCB effects of U. indica were respectively confirmed when it shifted the carbachol and Ca2+ concentration-response curves rightwards, similar to dicyclomine. U. indica (0.01-1 mg/mL) increased force of guinea-pig atrial contractions without significantly affecting the rate. These data, indicating that U. indica possesses the bronchodilator activity possibly mediated through a combination of anticholinergic and Ca2+ antagonist mechanisms together with selective positive inotropic effect, provide rational for medicinal applications of U. indica in airways and cardiac disorders

Triphasic computed tomography (CT) scan in focal tumoral liver lesions

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of triphasic spiral CT in differentiating benign from malignant focal tumoral liver lesions. METHODS: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology of Aga Khan University Hospital and Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi from Feb 2006 to Feb 2007. By convenient sampling, 45 patients found to have focal tumoral liver lesions were recruited for one year period and their triphasic CT scans findings were evaluated and later correlated with histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of triphasic CT scan were calculated. RESULTS: Among 45 patients, 136 liver lesions (11 benign and 125 malignant) were detected with the help of different enhancement patterns. Out of these, 37(82.2%) patients had malignant while 8 (17.8%) had benign lesions. On later histopathological examination, 35 (77.8%) of the total 45 cases had malignant lesions while 10 (22.2%) were diagnosed as benign lesions. Based on these results, it could be assessed that triphasic CT Scan has a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 94.5%, negative predictive value of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 95.5% in differentiating benign from malignant liver lesions. CONCLUSION: Triphasic CT Scan is a good non-invasive tool in characterizing and differentiating benign from malignant liver lesions

Thresholding and quantization algorithms for image compression techniques: a review

With increasing demand on digital images, there is a need to compress the image to entertain the limited bandwidth and storage capacity. Recently, there is a growing interest among researchers focusing on compression of various types of images and data. Amongst various compression algorithms, transform-based compression is one of the promising algorithms. Despite the technological advances in transmission and storage, the demands placed on the bandwidth of communication and storage capacities by far outstrips its availability. This paper presents a review of image compression principle, compression techniques and various thresholding algorithms (pre-processing algorithms) and quantization algorithm (post-processing algorithms). This paper intends to give an overview to the relevant parties to choose the suitable image compression algorithms to suit with the need

De-noising analysis of mammogram images in the wavelet domain using hard and soft thresholding

The noisy nature of digital mammograms and low contrast of suspicious areas which make medical images de-noising a challenging problem. Therefore, image de-noising is an important task in image processing, thus the use of wavelet transform provides better and improved quality of an image and reduces noise level. For medical images, many wavelets like db1, sym8, coif1, coif3 etc can be used for denoising of a medical image. However, in this paper, haar, sym8 daubechies db3 (mallat), daubechies db4 at certain level of soft and hard threshold have been calculated. Later, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values are calculated for these wavelet methods. These experiments help to select the best wavelet transform for the de-noising of particular medical images such as mammogram images

Stephen Gill’s Novel the Coexistence Substantiates Religious Humanism

The world is suffering in several miseries. Today, man is more insecure than the man of 200 years before. Modern weapons are more deadly than the weapons of the past. There have been working many philosophies since that time but the plight of modern man is not reduced. Another philosophy has tried to solve this issue. This philosophy is applied by the authors in this research paper on the literary works of Stephen Gill; it is Religious Humanism. This is a modern philosophy which has given the solutions of the contemporary problems of fanaticism, terrorism, dogmatism and intolerance among the people. People are people everywhere. We have worked on this philosophy and applied it on the literature written by Stephen Gill. Religious humanism gives human beings a critical thinking about the phenomena around him. It says that there is always a good natural reason behind every happening. It rejects any supernatural power involved in the affairs of man. Religious humanism challenges every form of the religious and political extremism. It focuses on the democracy. Stephen Gill elaborates this philosophy in his poems, novels, interviews and essays. Gill deals with the man as the citizen of the world. He wants a democratically elected world government. This research proves that religious humanism is the solution of the contemporary problems and Gill is a religious humanist who believes that only the religion of love, compassion and tolerance can make this world beautiful. Gill says that if religion becomes intolerant, it becomes dangerous.  The data is collected from different sources like internet, libraries, magazines and newspapers. This research paper enlightens the reader about the core issues of the world and the topics related to religious humanism. Religious humanism,  the centre of Stephen Gill’s novel The Coexistence,  is largely a modern concept that presents solutions to  contemporary problems, concerning fanaticism, terrorism, dogmatism, minorities, and intolerance. Focusing on democracy, religious humanism challenges every form of creed and political

Electricity Demand in Pakistan: A Nonlinear Estimation

Pakistan has plunged into darkness because of severe electricity shortage over the last few years. The electricity shortfall has reached 4,250 MW with demand standing at 16,400 MW and generation at 12,150 MW in June 2013 (PEPCO). The load shedding and power blackouts act as a binding constraint to the economic growth through their impact on employment, trade and poverty [Kessides (2013)]. The existing statistics reveal that Pakistan has witnessed low GDP growth rate during the periods of low or negative electricity growth and during the periods where electricity growth picked up there is an increase in GDP growth rate [Pakistan (2013)]. The power crisis has destroyed the industrial sector of Pakistan. Around 40 percent factories and industry units have now been closed and around 7.5 percent of labour force is out of jobs only because of this dilemma.

Post 9/11 Afghan Women: A Comparative Study Of Khaled Hosseini And Atique Rahimi’s Writings

Afghanistan is a country that has been facing war for about 40 years. Women and children have always been the victims of this war and its spoils. In their narratives, both the novelists Khaled Hosseini and Atique Rahimi present a subjective vision of post 9/11 Afghan women and thereby attempt to awaken the world to the plight of deprived women in Afghanistan. In this qualitative research, Catherine Belsey’s theory of Expressive realism has been applied on Khaled Hosseini and Atique Rahimi’s works to find out the answer of the question: What was the condition of Afghan women in Pre- Taliban and Post-Taliban eras as portrayed in the selected novels of the selected writers Khaled Hosseini and Atique Rahimi ?The aim of the research is to explore whether women are oppressed in Afghan society or not, and whether the incident of 9/11 and US bombing of Afghanistan improved the miserable predicament of Afghan women or not. The research would be helpful to locate the social position of women in Afghan society under the rule of Taliban and then finally in post 9/11 Afghanistan