A cnidarian homologue of an insect gustatory receptor functions in developmental body patterning.

Insect gustatory and odorant receptors (GRs and ORs) form a superfamily of novel transmembrane proteins, which are expressed in chemosensory neurons that detect environmental stimuli. Here we identify homologues of GRs (Gustatory receptor-like (Grl) genes) in genomes across Protostomia, Deuterostomia and non-Bilateria. Surprisingly, two Grls in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, NvecGrl1 and NvecGrl2, are expressed early in development, in the blastula and gastrula, but not at later stages when a putative chemosensory organ forms. NvecGrl1 transcripts are detected around the aboral pole, considered the equivalent to the head-forming region of Bilateria. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of NvecGrl1 causes developmental patterning defects of this region, leading to animals lacking the apical sensory organ. A deuterostome Grl from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus displays similar patterns of developmental expression. These results reveal an early evolutionary origin of the insect chemosensory receptor family and raise the possibility that their ancestral role was in embryonic development

Pengaruh Worklife Balance Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Pln (Persero) Wilayah Suluttenggo Area Manado

.This study was conducted to determine the effect of Worklife Balance and Compensation for Employee Performance at PT PLN (Persero) Area Manado.Based on the results of the study states that Worklife Balance employees get a fairly good value, employee satisfaction in achieving harmony between the responsibilities in private life, and the responsibilities of work is urgently needed so that employees can work better, Compensation of employees received value very good, with a proper compensation system can further optimize the performance of employees due to direct impact for employees, Worklife Balance and Compensation together influence Employee Performance by 55.2%, compensation more dominant.It can be concluded that the Worklife Balance and Compensation affects Employee Performance of PT PLN (Persero) Area Manado partially and simultaneously. Recommendations for Human Resource Management is to continue maintaining the system of compensation and attention to the intensity of management policies for employees in order to achieve balancing between work and private life so that Employee Performancewill increasing andCompany goals can be achieved

Reputation analysis of the Milan Expo event based on Twitter social data

LAUREA MAGISTRALEIl lavoro è principalmente focalizzata sui dati sociali che è stato generato dall'evento Expo di Milano attraverso Twitter.Twitter , uno dei più grandi sito di social media riceve tweet in milioni di tutti i giorni . Un sacco di dati è stato generato da un mese all'altro durante il periodo che va da maggio a ottobre . Questo testuali o di dati sociali è stato estratto per analizzare il popolo di vista generale. L'obiettivo del nostro lavoro è quello di capire cosa pensa la gente evento Expo . I dati non strutturati sono scansionati e poi diviso in diversi argomenti . Parole chiave dominio sono generate attraverso l'analisi manuale, che vengono poi associati a ciascun argomento . Queste parole chiave dominio con i rispettivi argomenti sono quindi utilizzati per l'analisi automatica . Questo lavoro fornisce un modo di analisi della reputazione della manifestazione Expo Milano utilizzando Hadoop che elabora l'enorme quantità di dati.Work is mainly focused on the social data that was generated from Milan Expo event through Twitter.Twitter,one of the largest social media site receives tweets in millions everyday. A lot of data was generated from month to month during the period ranging from May to October. This textual or social data was extracted to analyze the people views generally. The objective of our work is to understanding what people think about Expo event. The unstructured data is crawled and then divided into several topics. Domain keywords are generated through the manual analysis, which are then associated to each topic. These domain keywords with their respective topics are then used for the automatic analysis. This work provides a way of reputation analysis of the Milan Expo event using Hadoop which will process the huge amount of data

Metode Pembuatan Minyak Kelapa Murni (VCO) Dengan Variasi Crude Enzim Bromelin dan Crude Enzim Papain

Minyak kelapa murni(VCO) merupakan minyak kelapa dengan warna yang jernih, berbau khas, tahan terhadap panas dan proses degredasi lainnya, dan memiliki sifat tidak mudah tengik karena kandungan asam lemak jenuhnya yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh dari penambahan crude enzim bromelin dan crude enzim papain terhadap minyak kelapa murni (VCO) yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya tetapi dengan menggunakan variasi enzim bromelin kasar dan enzim papain kasar. Sedangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan variasi ekstrak crude (mentah) enzim bromelin dan crude enzim papain. Pengujian minyak kelapa murni (VCO ) berupa organoleptik, pengukuran rendemen, dan analisa asam lemak bebas.Dari hasil penelitian minyak VCO diperoleh, untuk organoleptik terdapat pada semua sampel yang sesuai dengan SNI yaitu berwarna putih bening dan tidak berwarna hingga kuning pucat,berbau khas minyak VCO serta memiliki rasa normal khas minyak VCO.Untuk pengukuran rendemen, rendemen tertinggi lebih banyak diperoleh dengan penambahan crude enzim papain sebanyak 40 gr menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 19% sedangkan pada penambahan crude enzim bromelin sebanyak 100 gr menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 16,6 %. Rendemen minyak terendah terdapat pada konsentrasi ekstrak daging nanas 70 gr yaitu 10,4 % dan konsentrasi ekstrak getah pepaya 10 gr yaitu sebesar 13,6 %. Untuk analisa bilangan asam lemak bebas , ALB tertinggi terdapat pada VCO dengan penambahan 70 gr crude enzim bromelin yaitu 0,16 % dan untuk ALB terendah terdapat pada VCO dengan penambahan crude enzim papain sebesar 10 gr yaitu 0,2 %. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan secara keselurusan dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap sampel minyak VCO memenuhi karakteristik minyak sesuai SNI 7381-2008 yang memiliki warna putih bening, berbau khas dan memiliki rasa normal khas VCO, rendemen minyak lebih dari 10%, serta bilangan asam tidak melewati 2 %

Comment on Artistic Features of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book

Washington Irving is a great American romantic writer. He employs his beautiful works, unique description to create different genders of literary works. The Sketch Book is seen as his masterpiece, because of its language like poems, the author’s contemplation of scene he darts his eyes into as well as his detailed description of what he associated with the scene he saw. This paper aims to make a comment on the artistic features of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book from three respects. The first is insert of poem functioning theme interpretation of his articles. The second is the author’s evaluation knitted with the narration. The last is the minute description of the scene by refine words. 

Kebudayaan Masyarakat Manggarai Barat: Tradisi Teing Hang Empo

Tradisi adat manggarai yang dilakukan telah memperkokoh eksistensi dari agama yang dianut oleh masyarakatnya karena berbagai tradisi yang berkaitan dengan siklus kehidupan berkembang dan menjadi kuat ketika ia telah mentaradisi dan membudaya di tengah masyarakat manggari. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan etnografi dan literatur. Subyek penelitian adalah tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat dan masyarakat manggarai barat. Pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literature, interview, dan observasi. Studi literature yaitu artikel ilmiah, buku kebudayaan local manggarai, dan hasil penelitian. Interview dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara dengan para tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat yang relevan, observasi dilakukan yaitu pengamatan ketika proses palakasanaan tradisi dilakukan. Sumber data primer yaitu analisis dokumen, data sekunder yaitu artikel ilmiah, buku, majalah dan lainnya. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Teing Hang Empo merupakan tradisi merupakan sesuatu yang di lakukan secara turun temurun dari nenek moyang hingga sekarang. Proses pelaksanaan Teing Hang Empo adalah (1) melaksanakan musyawarah tokoh adat, (2) menyiapkan berbagai macam kebutuhan yang harus di korbankan pada saat pelaksanaan upacara teing hang empo, (3) kebersihan, (4) melaksanakan ritual adat, (5) memakai seragam, (6) bersalaman, (7) penutupan. Jadi kebudayaan masyarakat manggarai barat tradisi teing hang empo sebagai simbol ketaataan masyarakat manggarai terhadap tuhan dan roh para leluhur terdahulu.The Manggarai traditional tradition has strengthened the existence of the religion embraced by the community because various traditions related to the life cycle develop and become strong when it has been traditionalized and entrenched in the Manggarai community. The research method used in this study uses qualitative research, with an ethnographic and literary approach. The research subjects were traditional leaders, community leaders, and the people of West Manggarai. Collecting data using literature studies, interviews, and observations. Literature studies are scientific articles, books on local Manggarai culture, and research results. Interviews were conducted by conducting interviews with traditional leaders, relevant community leaders, observations were made, namely observations when the traditional doing process was carried out. Primary data sources are document analysis, secondary data are scientific articles, books, magazines, and others. The data analysis method uses interactive analysis. The results of the study show that the Teing Hang Empo tradition is something that has been passed down from generation to generation from the ancestors until now. The process of implementing Teing Hang Empo is (1) carrying out deliberations of traditional leaders, (2) preparing various kinds of needs that must be sacrificed during the teing hang empo ceremony, (3) cleaning, (4) carrying out traditional rituals, (5) wearing uniforms, (6) shaking hands, (7) closing. So the culture of the West Manggarai community, the Teing Hang Empo tradition, is a symbol of the Manggarai people's obedience to God and the spirits of the previous ancestors

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DOSEN DAN KARYAWAN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN PRASARANA TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIAYAH MAKASSAR

Pengaruh Kompetensi Dosen dan Karyawan Melalui Pemanfaatan Prasarana Terhadap KepuasanMahasiswa Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuidan menganalisis Pengaruh Kompetensi Dosen dan Karyawan Melalui Pemanfaatan Prasarana TerhadapKepuasan Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalahpenelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan angket sebagai sumber pengumpulan data. Penelitian inimenggunakan 91 orang responden dengan menggunakan teknik Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kompetensi dosen berpengaruh positif dan signifikanterhadap pemanfaatan prasarana, 2) Kualitas pelayanan karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikanterhadap pemanfaatan prasarana, 3) Kompetensi dosen berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadapkepuasan mahasiswa, 4) Kualitas pelayanan karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadapkepuasan mahasiswa, 5) Pemanfaatan prasarana berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasanmahasiswa, 6) Kompetensi dosen mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasanmahasiswa melalui pemanfaatan prasarana, dan 7) Kualitas pelayanan karyawan berpengaruh positif dansignifikan terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa melalui pemanfaatan prasarana

Distinct combinations of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate thermosensation and hygrosensation in Drosophila.

Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) are a large subfamily of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors present across Protostomia. While these receptors are most extensively studied for their roles in chemosensory detection, recent work has implicated two family members, IR21a and IR25a, in thermosensation in Drosophila. Here we characterize one of the most evolutionarily deeply conserved receptors, IR93a, and show that it is co-expressed and functions with IR21a and IR25a to mediate physiological and behavioral responses to cool temperatures. IR93a is also co-expressed with IR25a and a distinct receptor, IR40a, in a discrete population of sensory neurons in the sacculus, a multi-chambered pocket within the antenna. We demonstrate that this combination of receptors is required for neuronal responses to dry air and behavioral discrimination of humidity differences. Our results identify IR93a as a common component of molecularly and cellularly distinct IR pathways important for thermosensation and hygrosensation in insects