Paracompact Spaces and Radon Spaces

We prove that if E is a subset of a Banach space whose density is of measure zero and such that (E, weak) is a paracompact space, then (E, weak) is a Radon space of type (F ) under very general conditions

OSL Characterisation of Two Fluvial Sequences of the River Usmacinta in its Middle Catchment (SE Mexico)

The report summarizes luminescence profiling, initially using a SUERC PPSL system in Mexico, and laboratory analysis at SUERC, used to characterise the stratigraphy and interpret sedimentary processes in terrace deposits of the Usumacinta River, SE Mexico. This was then followed, by quantitative quartz OSL SAR dating of five sediment samples, aimed at defining the chronologicalframework of two sedimentary sequences, USU13-1 and USU13-2. In the wider region, the middle catchment of the Usumacinta River, contains numerous archaeological sites dating to the Maya Classic Period, including Bonampak, Yaxchilan and Piedras Negras. The broader aim of the investigation is to assess whether the two fluvial sequences contain a proxy record of environmental change through the archaeological period of interest. Initial luminescence profiling revealed that the stratigraphy in each profile was complex, reflecting multiple cycles of deposition, with signal maxima, followed by tails to lower intensities, possibly indicating deposition during extreme flood events, interleaved with periods of slower sedimentation, and potentially better luminescence resetting. Laboratory profiling reproduced the apparent maxima/trends in the field profiling dataset, confirming that both sections record complex depositional histories. Furthermore, the variations in stored dose estimates, and luminescence sensitivities with depth, confirm that the sections do not record simple age-depth progressions. Quantitative quartz OSL SAR dating was undertaken on five sediment samples. Given the information obtained from the field- and laboratory-profiles it is not surprising that the equivalent dose distributions for each sample showed considerable scatter, particularly so for the second section, USU13-2. Nevertheless, throughstatistical analysis, individual quartz OSL SAR ages were obtained for each sample. Individual dates fall into the Mayan Post-Classical Period to early modern Period, with statistical combinations pointing to a late 15th century accumulation of USU13-1, and the 18th century accumulation of the sediment within USU13-2. Interestingly, the three samples from section USU13-2, all show some aliquots which tail to higher equivalent doses; furthermore, in each sample, the mean value determined for this component is similar, suggesting that the sediment sampled in USU13-2, may be sourced from a 15th century or older accumulation upstream

Estimaciones alternativas del PIB potencial de Nicaragua

El ensayo presenta cuatro posibles estimaciones del producto potencial de le economía nicaragüense. Usando datos anuales desde 1960-2012 del Banco Central de Nicaragua, se estima por medio alisados Hodrick-Presscot y de alisado de Baxter y King, la tendencia y el ciclo del PIB. Por otro lado, se estima una función lineal con el tiempo como variable independiente y una función de producción tipo Cobb-Douglas y se obtiene un producto potencial a partir de supuestos de niveles óptimos de capital y de empleo. Finalmente se concluye que el crecimiento potencial de la economía entre las dos metodologías se encuentra cercano a 4.3%. Por lo tanto, si el país quisiera encontrar sendas de crecimiento potencial superiores a las actuales, es pertinente realizar reformas de fondo, donde la mejora en la productividad y mayor empleo sean primordiales

Análisis de externalidades medio ambientales generadas por la actividad florícola en el sur del estado de méxico

La floricultura en el sur del Estado de México es la actividad más importante en el sector agrícola, tanto por la generación de empleos como por los volúmenes de producción, tan solo los municipios de Coatepec Harinas, Tenancingo y Villa Guerrero representan el 70% de la producción nacional (SAGARPA, 2015). Sin embargo, a pesar de los beneficios económicos derivados de dicha actividad, se originan externalidades positivas o negativas en los ámbitos económico, social y ambiental. Siendo este último el más significativo de los efectos derivados de la actividad florícola de la región. En México las variaciones en las condiciones ambientales han sido poco estudiadas, al igual que el impacto de ciertas actividades productivas generan hacia el medio ambiente. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar las externalidades en el medio ambiente generadas por la actividad florícola. La metodología utilizada es la modelación de los efectos en el medio ambiente dada la actividad florícola, por ello se hacen regresiones lineales de 1977 a 2015. Los modelos a nivel municipal indican, primero, que la superficie cultivada si es una variable explicativa de la temperatura, segundo que dicha superficie explica la precipitación. De esa forma, el aumento de la superficie cultivada ha llevado a una reducción en la precipitación y un aumento en la temperatura. floricultura. Se puede concluir que el cambio climático es consecuencia total o parcial en las actividades humanas, dentro de las actividades agrícolas como la floricultura la cual contribuyen de manera sustancial al cambio en las tendencias de precipitación y temperatura

The Root Hair Specific SYP123 Regulates the Localization of Cell Wall Components and Contributes to Rizhobacterial Priming of Induced Systemic Resistance

Indexación: Web of Science.Root hairs are important for nutrient and water uptake and are also critically involved the interaction with soil inhabiting microbiota. Root hairs are tubular-shaped outgrowths that emerge from trichoblasts. This polarized elongation is maintained and regulated by a robust mechanism involving the endomembrane secretory and endocytic system. Members of the syntaxin family of SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) in plants (SYP), have been implicated in regulation of the fusion of vesicles with the target membranes in both exocytic and endocytic pathways. One member of this family. SYP123, is expressed specifically in the root hairs and accumulated in the growing tip region. This study shows evidence of the SYP123 role in polarized trafficking using knockout insertional mutant plants. We were able to observe defects in the deposition of cell wall proline rich protein PRP3 and cell wall polysaccharides. In a complementary strategy, similar results were obtained using a plant expressing a dominant negative soluble version of SYP123 (SP2 fragment) lacking the transmembrane domain. The evidence presented indicates that SYP123 is also regulating PRP3 protein distribution by recycling by endocytosis. We also present evidence that indicates that SYP123 is necessary for the response of roots to plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) in order to trigger trigger induced systemic response (ISR). Plants with a defective SYP123 function were unable to mount a systemic acquired resistance in response to bacterial pathogen infection and ISR upon interaction with rhizobacteria. These results indicated that SYP123 was involved in the polarized localization of protein and polysaccharides in growing root hairs and that this activity also contributed to the establishment of effective plant defense responses. Root hairs represent very plastic structures were many biotic and abiotic factors can affect the number, anatomy and physiology of root hairs. Here, we presented evidence that indicates that interactions with soil PGPR could be closely regulated by signaling involving secretory and/or endocytic trafficking at the root hair tip as a quick way to response to changing environmental conditions.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2016.01081/ful

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

Monitorización de emisiones de CO2 en un análogo natural mediante correlación con Índices de Vegetación

Entre las soluciones más satisfactorias al problema de las emisiones de CO2 está la captura y almacenamiento de este gas de efecto invernadero en reservorios profundos. Esta técnica implica la necesidad de monitorizar grandes extensiones de terreno. Utilizando una zona de vulcanismo residual, en la provincia de Ciudad Real, se han monitorizado las emisiones de CO2 utilizando imágenes de muy alta resolución espacial. Se han generado índices de vegetación, y estos se han correlacionado con medidas de contenido de CO2 del aire en los puntos de emisión. Los resultados han arrojado niveles de correlación significativos (p. ej.: SAVI = -0,93) y han llevado a descubrir un nuevo punto de emisión de CO2. Palabras clave: teledetección, CO2, vegetación, satélite Monitoring CO2 emissions in a natural analogue by correlating with vegetation indices Abstract: Among the most satisfactory solutions for the CO2 emissions problem is the capture and storage of this greenhouse gas in deep reservoirs. This technique involves the need to monitor large areas. Using a volcanic area with residual activity, in the province of Ciudad Real, CO2 emissions were monitored through very high spatial resolution imagery. Vegetation indexes were generated and correlated with measurements of the air?s CO2 content at the emission points. The results yielded significant correlation levels (e.g.: SAVI = -0.93) and led to the discovery of a new CO2 emission point. Keywords: remote sensing, CO2, vegetation, satellite

Population rate codes carried by mean, fluctuation and synchrony of neuronal firings

A population of firing neurons is expected to carry information not only by mean firing rate but also by fluctuation and synchrony among neurons. In order to examine this possibility, we have studied responses of neuronal ensembles to three kinds of inputs: mean-, fluctuation- and synchrony-driven inputs. The generalized rate-code model including additive and multiplicative noise (H. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 75} (2007) 051904) has been studied by direct simulations (DSs) and the augmented moment method (AMM) in which equations of motion for mean firing rate, fluctuation and synchrony are derived. Results calculated by the AMM are in good agreement with those by DSs. The independent component analysis (ICA) of our results has shown that mean firing rate, fluctuation (or variability) and synchrony may carry independent information in the population rate-code model. The input-output relation of mean firing rates is shown to have higher sensitivity for larger multiplicative noise, as recently observed in prefrontal cortex. A comparison is made between results obtained by the integrate-and-fire (IF) model and our rate-code model.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted in Physica A (revised version of arXiv:0706.3489

Влияние солей тяжелых металлов на активность ферментов глиоксилатного цикла и митохондриальной сукцинатдегидрогеназы в прорастающих семенах сои

Исследовано влияние СоСl2 и СdСl2 на активность изоцитратлиазы, малатсинтазы и сукцинатдегидрогеназы в семядолях сои на ранних этапах прорастания. Показано, что СоСl2 активирует изоцитратлиазную активность на третьи сутки, а СdСl2 ингибирует активность этого фермента уже в первые сутки прорастания по сравнению с контролем. Активность малатсинтазы снижается на пятые сутки прорастания независимо от наличия солей металлов. Ионы металлов тормозят активность сукцинатдегидрогеназы к пятым суткам.The influence of CoCl2 and CdCl2 on the activity of isocitratlyase, malatsynthase and succinate dehydrogenase in the seedlobes at early stages of germination of soybean seeds was investigated. CoCl2 increased isocitratlyase activity at 3-d day and CdCl2 suppressed isocitratlyase activity at the 1-st day. Salt of metals has no influence on malatsynthase activity. CoCl2 and CdCl2 suppressed succinate dehydrogenase activity at 5-th day that may be caused by oxidative stress