Did Global Financial Crisis Impact the Islamic Banking Efficiencies? Evidence From Malaysian Islamic Banks

First, this paper investigated the loan and deposit efficiencies of Malaysian Islamic banks during 2008-2013 applying the non-parametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and found that the average technical efficiency (TE) of loan financing was 83%, 88%, 87%, 95%, 100%, and 94% and the average technical efficiency for deposit mobilizations was 87%, 94%, 94%, 96%, 92%, and 96%. Only four banks in 2008, two bank in 2009, three banks in 2010, two banks in 2011-2013 are both technically and scale efficient in loan production. On the other hand, only four banks in 2008 and 2009, five banks in 2010 and 2011, three banks in 2012, and five banks in 2013 are both technical and scale efficient in deposit mobilizations. Second, the paper compares the efficiencies of Islamic banks between the global financial crisis (GFC) and the post global financial crisis (PGFC) in determining whether the efficiencies of banks between the GFCP and PGFCP are stable. Both parametric and non-parametric tests found no significant difference in the efficiencies between the two periods suggesting that the efficiencies of the Malaysian Islamic banks were stable

Algorithmic complexity of quantum capacity

Recently the theory of communication developed by Shannon has been extended to the quantum realm by exploiting the rules of quantum theory. This latter stems on complex vector spaces. However complex (as well as real) numbers are just idealizations and they are not available in practice where we can only deal with rational numbers. This fact naturally leads to the question of whether the developed notions of capacities for quantum channels truly catch their ability to transmit information. Here we answer this question for the quantum capacity. To this end we resort to the notion of semi-computability in order to approximately (by rational numbers) describe quantum states and quantum channel maps. Then we introduce algorithmic entropies (like algorithmic quantum coherent information) and derive relevant properties for them. Finally we define algorithmic quantum capacity and prove that it equals the standard one

SEMANTICS STUDY ON TERMS AND SYMBOLS USED ON THE INTERNET YAHOO CHAT

Language is a key of communication, and communication itself is not limited in the family, society and nation but it can be done in a cyber space or Internet. The abbreviation of internet is international network. People use internet as a means of communication. One of the facilities that can be found on internet is Internet chat or chatting. Chatting is a virtual place when two people or more can have a typed conversation in real time. Meanwhile on internet chat, we can find that yahoo messenger is popular nowadays. People who participate in yahoo messenger use terms and symbols as need for communication to represent common phrases that they say one another. Those combinations always appear in the conversation. They are so unique, and it seems that not all people know those combinations and their meanings. Considering this condition, it also brings the writer to analyze the process of how those terms and symbols are used. The purpose of this study is to know the terms and symbols commonly used by the chatters on the Internet yahoo chat particularly yahoo messenger and to find out the formation of those terms. In this study, the writer used qualitative descriptive research design because it dealt with words and phrases, not statistical analysis. The data source used in this study was conversation among chatters on yahoo messenger channel at Revolusi-net. To collect the data, the instruments used in this study were the writer herself and observation. The writer joined in the chatting among chatters of regional chat room on yahoo messenger channel. She collected and identified terms and symbols commonly used in the conversation among chatters on yahoo messenger channel. Finally, she put them on the table and analyzed them based on their number of characters. The result of this study showed that there were forty-two terms and twenty symbols commonly used by the chatters on yahoo messenger channel. The word formations found on yahoo messenger channel, included acronym, borrowing, clipping, ejaculation and multiple processes. The formation of those terms could be explained more in chapter IV. The writer hoped that by using those combinations, people would enjoy chatting in economical way

Crisis? What Crisis? Currency vs. Banking in the Financial Crisis of 1931

This paper examines the role of currency and banking in the German financial crisis of 1931 for both Germany and the U.S. We specify a structural dynamic factor model to identify financial and monetary factors separately for each of the two economies. We find that monetary transmission through the Gold Standard played only a minor role in causing and propagating the crisis, while financial distress was important. We also find evidence of crisis propagation from Germany to the U.S. via the banking channel. Banking distress in both economies was apparently not endogenous to monetary policy. Results confirm Bernanke's (1983) conjecture that an independent, non-monetary financial channel of crisis propagation was operative in the Great Depression.Great Depression, 1931 financial crisis, international business cycle transmission, Bayesian factor analysis, currency, banking

Bilevel shared control for teleoperators

A shared system is disclosed for robot control including integration of the human and autonomous input modalities for an improved control. Autonomously planned motion trajectories are modified by a teleoperator to track unmodelled target motions, while nominal teleoperator motions are modified through compliance to accommodate geometric errors autonomously in the latter. A hierarchical shared system intelligently shares control over a remote robot between the autonomous and teleoperative portions of an overall control system. Architecture is hierarchical, and consists of two levels. The top level represents the task level, while the bottom, the execution level. In space applications, the performance of pure teleoperation systems depend significantly on the communication time delays between the local and the remote sites. Selection/mixing matrices are provided with entries which reflect how each input's signals modality is weighted. The shared control minimizes the detrimental effects caused by these time delays between earth and space

Tracking Down the Business Cycle: A Dynamic Factor Model For Germany 1820-1913

We use a Bayesian dynamic factor model to measure Germany’s pre World War I economic activity. The procedure makes better use of existing time series data than historical national accounting. To investigate industrialization we propose to look at comovement between sectors. We find that Germany’s industrial sector developed earlier than stated in the literature, since after the 1860s agricultural time series do not comove with the business cycle anymore. Also, the bulk of comovement between 1820 and 1913 can be traced back to five out of 18 series representing industrial production, investment and demand for industrial inputs. Our factor is impressingly confirmed by a stock price index, leading the factor by 1-2 years. We also find evidence for early market integration in the 1820s and 1830s. Our business cycle dating aims to resolve the debate on German business cycle history. Given the often unsatisfactory quality of national accounting data for the 19th century we show the advantage of dynamic factor models in making efficient use of rare historical time series.Business Cycle Chronology; Imperial Germany; Dynamic Factor Models; Industrialization.

Assessment of participatory management of irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka: Partial reforms, partial benefits

Privatization / Policy / Performance evaluation / Indicators / Operating costs / Irrigation management / Economic aspects / Returns / Participatory management / Farmer participation / Government managed irrigation systems / Small scale systems / Large-scale systems / Regression analysis / Models